No abstract available.
Candida* ; Esophagitis* ; HIV Infections* ; HIV* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Vegetables are the most left over side dishes in school lunch programs. This study intended to analyze the differences in preference for vegetables among the students of different age groups in order to determine potential ways of increasing vegetable consumption in this study group. METHODS: A total of 308 primary to university students in Gyeongbuk area were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The preference score (7-Likert scale: very much dislike (1)~so-so (4)~like very much (7)) and intake frequency (5-Likert scale) of 48 kinds of vegetables in 4 vegetable groups, such as vegetable (fruit-, root-, leaf-, and stalk- vegetable), seaweeds, mushrooms, and kimchi were investigated, and data were analyzed by SPSS WIN (ver 12.0). RESULTS: The preference scores of vegetables except for seaweeds were significantly different among school groups, university was the highest, followed by high school. Primary and middle school students showed the lowest preference score, especially for leaf- and stalk- vegetables. The preference score for seaweeds was the highest of 5.28, followed by kimchi of 4.99. With regard to kimchis, the preference score was the highest in university', followed by high school, middle school, and primary school' was the lowest. The number of vegetables with < 4.0 preference score was the highest in primary school of 16, 15 in middle school, 11 in high school, and 7, the lowest in university. The vegetable with preference score of < 4.0 in all 4 school groups were mallow, chard, bud, radish leaf, mugwort, butterbur and sweet potato stalk. With regard to the intake frequency of vegetables, kimchis, an indispensable part of the Korean diet, was the highest of 2 times/day, followed by cooked vegetables of 1.5 times/day. The correlation coefficients between preference scores and intake frequencies were statistically significant in all groups of vegetables. As for the coefficient of variation (CV) of preference score, primary school' was the highest and university' was the lowest. The number of vegetables with high CV and high inexperience were highest in primary school students. CONCLUSIONS: Providing more opportunities for consuming a variety of vegetables, such as leaf- and stalk- vegetable, it may be possible to increase vegetable consumption, especially for the primary school students.
Agaricales ; Artemisia ; Beta vulgaris ; Diet ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Ipomoea batatas ; Lunch ; Petasites ; Raphanus ; Vegetables*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which influence freshmen nursing students' problem solving abilities. METHOD: The data were collected from 119 students by means of self-reported questionnaires measuring problem solving abilities, critical thinking disposition, and self-directed learning, on March 7th and 11th, 2010. RESULT: For problem solving ability categories, the level of problem discovery was the highest followed by solution plan, problem definition, solution evaluation and solution implementation. The influencing factors on problem solving abilities of nursing students were critical thinking disposition, self-directed learning and gender. CONCLUSION: Using the results of this study as a foundation, nursing education curriculum should be comprised of critical thinking skills and self-directed skills for the improvement of nursing students' problem solving abilities. It is also recommended that further studies be conducted in order to investigate comprehensive curriculum designs that allow for maximum accumulation of these proficiencies.
Curriculum ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem Solving ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to provide the preliminary data for dietary education to increase students' vegetables intake. METHODS: The attitude of vegetables consumption (5-Likert scale), preference score (7-Likert scale) and eating frequency (5-Likert scale) of 9 fragrance vegetables were investigated by survey questionnaire. A total of 370 students enrolled in primary, middle, high schools, and university participated in the study and data were analyzed by the SPSS WIN (ver 12.0). RESULTS: About 40% of those surveyed answered that they do not eat some kinds of foods and 16% of students do not eat vegetables, the most unfavorable foods. The students in all groups (primary 2nd and 5th, middle and high school, university students) answered that they liked vegetables with the highest score in university students, and they did not often eat fragrance vegetables. Lower age student group, especially primary school 2nd showed more positive attitudes of eating challenge toward no experience, bad taste, and dislike but nutritious vegetable foods. The most important factor of vegetable preference was taste, the biggest reason of both like and dislike. Only 4 students designated nutrition as for vegetable dislike reason, means that all students knew about the nutritional importance of vegetables. It was shown that the color and flavor of the vegetables act as dislikable reason rather than likable reason. The significant correlations between preference score and intake frequency of fragrance vegetables were confirmed, and the younger the students the greater the correlation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS: Thus providing more chance to experience vegetables, such as fragrance vegetables and education about the importance of balanced diet will be an effective way of increasing vegetables intake, and the younger the students the greater the education effect.
Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vegetables*

No abstract available.
Hidrocystoma* ; Syringoma*

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine differences in mammography screening according to breast cancer and social network characteristic. METHODS: Data were collected from 187 married women 35 years and older who were using public health centers, health promotion centers, cultural centers, obstetrics and gynecology hospitals or other relevant community sites. Data were collected between October 24 and December 4, 2008. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. RESULTS: The participation rate for mammography screening was 35.3%. The following general and breast cancer characteristics showed statistically significant differences: religion, family incomes, regular medical-care, general health examinations during past 2 years, and history of breast disease. The following social network characteristics showed statistically significant differences: social norms and subjective norms. Using logistic regression analysis, regular medical-care, breast cancer risk appraisal, social norm, and subjective norms were highly predictive of subsequent mammography. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that it is important to develop and provide tailored intervention programs through integrated socially mediated programs. By consciously including social network and support systems, breast cancer detection efforts would not end as a one-time event, but naturally build on network structure of adults women, thus facilitating regular mammography screening.
Adult ; Breast ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Gynecology ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Public Health

Sonography is quite sensitive screening method for th detection of renal mass lesions, but the specificity isrelatively low. Authors analized the sonographic findings of the confirmed 67 cases of renal masses excludingsimple cyst for possible differential points between each other. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 67cases, 44 cases(65.7%) were tumorous lesions and majority were malignant tumors. 2. Iso or hyperechoic lesions arerelatively specific finding suggestive of the tumorous lesions. 83.3% of isoechoic lesions and 85.0% ofhyperechoic lesions were tumor. 3. Tumor echogenecity of the renal cell carcinoma was variable. Of the 23 renalcell carcinomas, 10 were isoechoic, 8 were hypoechoic and 5 were hyperechoic lesions. 4. In hypoechoic lesions,findings of acoustic enhancement and wall echo were suggestive of nontumorous lesion. 5. There was no directcorrelation between echogenecity of the mass and tumor vascularity. 6. IVP findings were not sensitive andnonspecific for renal mass lesions, so ultrasound could be the initial step of diagnostic modality for evaluationof the renal mass.
Acoustics ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Purpose: The purpose is to test and evaluate the physical properties of commonly used temporary restoration materials and newly emerged materials. Materials and Methods: Four groups of polymer materials were evaluated: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 2 groups, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polycarbonate. Four physical properties were tested: surface hardness, bending strength, abrasion resistance during wear, wear behavior. The 3-axis bending strength and Vickers hardness test were measured using a universal testing machines respectively. The microstructure was observed with a scanning electron microscope and weight comparison was evaluated after 100,000 chewing tests using a chewing simulator. Kruskal wallis test was performed to evaluate statistical significance. Results: The four groups showed the highest flexural strength and Vickers hardness of PEEK, followed by PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T. Microstructure observation also showed the least surface roughness in the PEEK group, followed by PC, PMMA-H, PMMA-T. Conclusion PC is considered to have sufficient mechanical properties that can be applied to the manufacture of temporary teeth. However, further studies, such as biocompatibility, are considered to be necessary for practical clinical applications.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome associated with anticonvulsant drugs is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that occurs in response to arene oxide producing anticonvulsant such as phenytoin and carbamazepine. There have been many reports of cross reactivity among the anticonvulsants upon first exposure to the offending drugs. However, there has been few data describing the development of DRESS syndrome after switching medication from previously well-tolerated phenytoin to carbamazepine, and the induction of hypersensitivity to phenytoin by DRESS to carbamazepine. We experienced a case of a 40-yr-old man who had uncontrolled seizure that led to the change of medication from the long-term used phenytoin to carbamazepine. He developed DRESS syndrome after changing the drugs. We stopped carbamazepine and restored phenytoin for seizure control, but his clinical manifestations progressively worsened and he recovered only when both drugs were discontinued. Patch tests with several anticonvulsants showed positive reactions to both carbamazepine and phenytoin. Our case suggests that hypersensitivity to a previously tolerated anticonvulsant can be induced by DRESS to another anticonvulsant, and that the patch test may be a useful method for detecting cross-reactive drugs in anticonvulsant-associated DRESS syndrome.
Syndrome ; Skin/drug effects/immunology/pathology ; Phenytoin/immunology ; Male ; Humans ; Drug Hypersensitivity/*immunology ; Drug Eruptions/etiology/*immunology ; Carbamazepine/*adverse effects ; Anticonvulsants/adverse effects ; Adult

PURPOSE: We wanted to review the clinical results of staged reimplantation in patients who had candidal infection after total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed five patients who had a candidal prosthetic knee infection, as was assessed by synovial fluid culture. Amphotericin B was intravenously administrated to all five patients during the postoperative period for six weeks and followed for at least twelve months. We carried out two-stage re-implantations with using antifungal agent-impregnated bone cement. Whether or not infection recurred was evaluated according to the symptoms and radiologic and hematologic studies. The clinical results were analyzed on the basis of the range of motion and hospital for special surgery (HSS) score. RESULTS: The final review showed that all of the symptoms disappeared. We could not find any loosening on the radiologic studies and all five patients had normal C-reactive protein values on serological exams. The mean postoperative range of motion was 1degrees (range: 0~5)~99degrees (range: 70~130) and the mean HSS score improved from 49.4 (range: 44~64) points to 73 (range: 65~90) after the re-implantation. CONCLUSION: We successfully controlled five candidal prosthetic knee infections by removing the components in conjunction with using an antifungal- impregnated bone cement and staged re-implantation after a 6 week course of intravenous antifungal drugs.
Amphotericin B ; Arthroplasty ; C-Reactive Protein ; Candida ; Humans ; Knee ; Postoperative Period ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Replantation ; Synovial Fluid