This study was performed to investigate the surface roughness of the Cerec Vita Mark II polished by various polishing techniques, compare with that of the Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing technique. All of the Cerec specimen were finished with sequential use of high speed diamond burs(grit 45, 30 and 15microneter). The groups were divided into 5 groups : Group I : Cerec Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Sof-lex discs. Group II : Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Two Striper MPS. Group III: Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Enhance. Group IV: Cerce Vita Mark II block specimens polished with Porcelain laminate polishing FG kit. Group V: Vintage enamel porcelain glazed by high temperature glazing Technique. Each group was consisted of 10 specimens. The surfaces produced were examined quantitatively using a laser specular reflectance machine(Perthen RM600-s, Feinpruf Perthen GmbH., Germany) and qualitatively under SEM(JSM-5400, JEOL, Japan). The Results were as follows : 1. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was higher than that of group5. There was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). 2. The arithmetic mean roughness value(Ra) decreased in the following orders : group 1, group 2, group 4, group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2, group 3, and group 4. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 3, 4 and group 5(P<0.05). 3. The maximum individual peak-to-valley-height(Rmax) decreased in the following orders : group 2, group 1, group 4, group 3, group 5 and there was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and 2, group 1 and group 4, group 3 and group 5. There was statistically significant difference among group 1, 2, and group 1, 4 and group 3, 5(P<0.05). 4. The treated surfaces of group 5 had smoother surface than that of groups 1, 2, 3, 4 with SEM.
Dental Enamel ; Dental Porcelain ; Diamond

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among nursing professionalism, perfectionism, resilience, and burnout, amongst nurses in cancer wards, and to further identify factors influencing burnout. METHODS: Conducted in June 2018, this descriptive cross-sectional study included 157 cancer wards nurses. The survey employed structured questionnaires including the Koreannursing Professional Value Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Dispositional Resilience Scale-15, and burnout subscale of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and entered multiple regression. RESULTS: The total burnout score was 31.20±4.87, out of a maximum of 50. Nursing professionalism (r =−.40, p < .001) and resilience (r=−.68, p < .001) showed a negative correlation with burnout, while socially-oriented perfectionism showed a positive correlation with burnout (r=.19, p=.016). Entered multiple regression revealed that 49.3% of the total variance in burnout was the consequence of nursing professionalism and resilience. CONCLUSION: Resilience had the largest effect on burnout, followed by nursing professionalism. We believe that the results of this study provide basic data for developing nursing intervention programs aimed at reducing burnout amongst nurses in cancer wards.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nursing* ; Professionalism* ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: We developed a new disposable anaerobic culture system, namely, the Quick anaero-system, for easy culturing of obligate anaerobes. METHODS: Our system consists of 3 components: 1) new disposable anaerobic gas pack, 2) disposable culture-envelope and sealer, and 3) reusable stainless plate rack with mesh containing 10 g of palladium catalyst pellets. To evaluate the efficiency of our system, we used 12 anaerobic bacteria. We prepared 2 sets of ten-fold serial dilutions of the 12 anaerobes, and inoculated these samples on Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and LB blood agar plate (LB-BAP) (BD Diagnostic Systems, USA). Each set was incubated in the Quick anaero-system (DAS Tech, Korea) and BBL GasPak jar with BD GasPak EZ Anaerobe Container System (BD Diagnostic Systems) at 35-37degrees C for 48 hr. The minimal inoculum size showing visible growth of 12 anaerobes when incubated in both the systems was compared. RESULTS: The minimal inoculum size showing visible growth for 2 out of the 12 anaerobes in the LB broth and 9 out of the 12 anaerobes on LB-BAP was lower for the Quick anaero-system than in the BD GasPak EZ Anaerobe Container System. The mean time (+/-SD) required to achieve absolute anaerobic conditions of the Quick anaero-system was 17 min and 56 sec (+/-3 min and 25 sec). CONCLUSIONS: The Quick anaero-system is a simple and effective method of culturing obligate anaerobes, and its performance is superior to that of the BD GasPak EZ Anaerobe Container System.
Bacteria, Anaerobic/*growth &development ; Bacteriological Techniques/instrumentation/methods ; Culture Media/chemistry ; Gases/chemistry ; Palladium/chemistry ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

We report a case of B-cell lymphoma primarily involving the skin in a 12-year-old boy. The histopathologic findings were compatible with those of small lymphocytic type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A cutaneous lesion was the sole manifestation of his disease without any other organ involvement. Immunophenotypic studies and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement with Southern blot analysis determined its lineages and monoclonality with result of B-cell lineage neoplasm, i. d. CD20⁺, C1323⁺, CD35⁻ and rearranged band on JH probe. We treated him with surgical excision and CVP regimen of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone). There is no recurrence or metastasis during the last six months.
B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Southern ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Vincristine

Neurogenic neoplasms of the facial nerve are uncommon. These neoplasms are usually classified into two types: schwannoma and neurofibroma. Although intraparotid facial nerve schwannomas have been documented sporadically throughout the medical literature, neurofibromas from intraparotid facial nerve are extremely rare. Neurogenic neoplasms of the intraparotid facial nerve are usually diagnosed intraoperatively by tissue biopsy. The management of neurogenic tumors associated with normal facial function is a particularly difficult problem. These benign tumors of neurogenic origin should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid masses. This is a case report of a solitary neurofibroma involving the main trunk of the facial nerve in the parotid gland.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Facial Nerve* ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma* ; Parotid Gland

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening compared to no screening in the Korean population from societal and healthcare system perspectives. Methods: A published decision-tree plus Markov model was used to compare the expected costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) between one-time universal HCV screening and no screening in the population aged 40–65 years using the National Health Examination (NHE) program. Input parameters were obtained from analyses of the National Health Insurance claims data, Korean HCV cohort data, or from the literature review. The population aged 40–65 years was simulated in a model spanning a lifetime from both the healthcare system and societal perspectives, which included the cost of productivity loss due to HCV-related deaths. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between universal screening and no screening was estimated. Results: The HCV screening strategy had an ICER of $2,666/QALY and $431/QALY from the healthcare system and societal perspectives, respectively. Both ICERs were far less than the willingness-to-pay threshold of $25,000/QALY, showing that universal screening was highly cost-effective compared to no screening. In various sensitivity analyses, the most influential parameters on cost-effectiveness were the antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) prevalence, screening costs, and treatment acceptance; however, all ICERs were consistently less than the threshold. If the anti-HCV prevalence was over 0.18%, screening could be cost-effective. Conclusions One-time universal HCV screening in the Korean population aged 40–65 years using NHE program would be highly cost-effective from both healthcare system and societal perspectives.

Carnobacterium is a genus of gram-positive bacilli belonging to the family Lactobacillaceae.Generally, Carnobacterium species are considered nonpathogenic to humans and are mostly found in the natural environment, food, and food packaging. Furthermore, some Carnobacterium species play a bioprotective role in the food industry. Isolation of Carnobacterium from human blood or other sites, such as skin or abscess, has rarely been reported—there are only four published case reports worldwide, and none of them is from Korea. In all the reported cases, the patients reported contact with an aqueous environment or were administered nutrition via a parenteral route. Herein, we report the detection of Carnobacterium divergens bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient by using mass spectrometry in Korea.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the theoretical characteristics and direction of inquiry in the discipline of nursing by analyzing doctoral dissertations. METHOD: The materials used in this study were 277 doctoral dissertations from five universities in Korea. The framework for the study was derived from Kim's(1993) alternative linkage among philosophy, theory, and method in nursing science. RESULT: Of the 277 dissertations it was found that there were 13 types of linkages out of a possible 54 types. Most of the dissertations (128 of 277) were done within the linkage of realism/etic/quantitative/explanatory knowledge type. Of the 218 dissertations within scientific realism, 42 were within relativism, and 17 within practicism. There were 134 dissertations of the explanatory knowledge type, 112 descriptive ones, and 31 prescriptive ones. Studies done within the etic quantitative methodology included 209 dissertations and within the emic perspective, 43 with qualitative methodology, and 7 with quantitative. CONCLUSION: The results show that it is necessary to develop more alternative linkages for nursing practice and this will lead to expanding nursing knowledge.
Adult ; Dissertations, Academic as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing Research/*trends ; Philosophy, Nursing

Pilomatricoma is a common, benign, cutaneous neoplasm, differentiating towards elements of the hair matrix and shaft. It typically presents as a deep-seated, solitary, firm nodule with overlying normal epidermis. However, pilomatricoma with bullous appearance is very rare. We report two cases of pilomatricoma with bullous appearance. The first case was an 11-year-old male who presented with 6 month history of a soft, erythematous, translucent polypoid mass on the left upper arm. The other case was a 20-year-old female who presented with 12 month history of a soft, slightly-brownish, peduncluated mass with indurated nodules on the left upper arm. In both cases, the histopathologic findings revealed multiple islands of shadow cells, with small foci of basophilic cells at the periphery of the deep dermis. There was dilation of lymphatic vessels in the overlying dermis, which explained the clinical bullous appearance.
Arm ; Basophils ; Child ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Islands ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Young Adult

Pilomatricoma is a common, benign, cutaneous neoplasm, differentiating towards elements of the hair matrix and shaft. It typically presents as a deep-seated, solitary, firm nodule with overlying normal epidermis. However, pilomatricoma with bullous appearance is very rare. We report two cases of pilomatricoma with bullous appearance. The first case was an 11-year-old male who presented with 6 month history of a soft, erythematous, translucent polypoid mass on the left upper arm. The other case was a 20-year-old female who presented with 12 month history of a soft, slightly-brownish, peduncluated mass with indurated nodules on the left upper arm. In both cases, the histopathologic findings revealed multiple islands of shadow cells, with small foci of basophilic cells at the periphery of the deep dermis. There was dilation of lymphatic vessels in the overlying dermis, which explained the clinical bullous appearance.
Arm ; Basophils ; Child ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Islands ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Young Adult