To determine the normal interindividual variability of global visual field indices in normal subjects and investigate the correlations of visual field changes with intraocular pressure and myopic degrees, OCTOPUS 2000R automated perimetry was tested in 70 eyes of 40 normal subjects who had undergone one previous visual field on two separate sessions. The average value of Mean Defect(MD) was 3.83 +/- 1.15dB. Three eyes(4.3%) were within 2dB of the normal. In the statistical analysis of Global indices between the 1st and the 2nd fields. there were no differences(p>0.05). MD and myopic degrees showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.237, p<0.05). These results indicate that visual field indices should be interpreted with caution and used as one adjunctive parameter with other clinical findings.
Intraocular Pressure ; Myopia ; Octopodiformes* ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To evaluate two surgical methods-amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) and split-conjunctival grafts (SCG)-for double-head pterygium, with regard to the postoperative outcome and recurrence rate. METHODS: In a total of 16 eyes (14 patients), 7 eyes (6 patients) receiving amniotic membrane transplantation and 9 eyes (8 patients) receiving split-conjunctival grafts were compared to evaluate recurrence and complications. RESULTS: Within the amniotic membrane transplantation group, two eyes (29%) had corneal recurrence, and 3 eyes (43%) had conjunctival recurrence. The mean follow-up period was 21.9+/-3.5 months, and all recurrences were on the nasal side. The average period preceding the corneal recurrences was 7.2+/-1.8 months. Within the split-conjunctival grafts group, the mean follow-up was 13.6+/-2.1 months, and neither the corneal nor conjunctival recurrences were observed. In addition, the eyes of this group were more aesthetically stable, with only one eye exhibiting pseudo-pterygium at the donor site. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of double-head pterygium without contraindication of conjunctival autograft, the split-conjunctival grafts produced fewer recurrences and showed enhanced cosmetic results, as compared to the amniotic membrane transplantation, indicating that the split-conjunctival grafts is the superior choice over amniotic membrane transplantation.
Amnion ; Cosmetics ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Membranes ; Pterygium ; Recurrence ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical results and complications arising from scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation as the surgical treatment for scleromalacia. METHODS: Scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 20 eyes of 20 patients with scleromalacia caused by pterygium excision. The surgical results and complications arising from the procedure were monitored and analyzed through follow-up. RESULTS: During the follow-up period of 17.6 +/- 5.9 months, the wound injection and edema at the free conjunctival autograft and operation site healed in all the cases except 1 at postoperative 1 month. The stability of the ocular surface for graft transplantation was maintained at postoperative 3 months. Although a partial absorption of the conjunctival autograft induced by careless treatment occurred 2 weeks postoperative in 1 case, the ocular surface stabilized due to suitable treatment after 6 months. Although the edges of the scleral graft in 3 patients were partially absorbed 6 months postoperatively, the ocular surface stability was maintained by covering the conjunctival autografts. CONCLUSIONS: For scleromalacia patients, scleral graft and free conjunctival autograft using tissue adhesive and temporary amniotic membrane transplantation rapidly stabilized the ocular surface and presented excellent aesthetic results.
Absorption ; Amnion ; Edema ; Eye ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pterygium ; Tissue Adhesives ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in tearfilm, corneal sensation and ocular surface after advanced surface ablation. METHODS: Tearfilm break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test without local anesthesia, fluorescein staining, corneal sensitivity test, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and conjunctival impression cytology were evaluated in 50 eyes of 25 patients who underwent advanced surface ablation preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Each value was compared to the preoperative value. RESULTS: OSDI diminished by 2 weeks postoperatively, and corneal sensation diminished by 1 month postoperatively (p < 0.05). There were significant decreases in BUT by 2 weeks to 1 month postoperatively as well as decreases in the Schirmer test by 2 to 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Fluorescein staining increased at 2 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.05). Goblet cells decreased substantially by 1 month postoperatively and conjunctival squamous metaplasia increased significantly by 2 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced surface ablation may affect tearfilm, corneal sensation and ocular surface up to 3 months postoperatively. Early treatment of dry eye syndrome following advanced surface ablation should strongly be considered.
Anesthesia, Local ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Eye ; Fluorescein ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Sensation ; Tears

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of short-term visual acuity and quality of vision after implantation of a yellow-tinted blue light-filtering intraocular lens (IOL) (Acrysof IQ® SN60WF) and an clear ultraviolet (UV) light filtering IOL (enVista™ MX60) in the same patient. METHODS: 44 patients with bilateral cataract received an SN60WF in one eye and an MX60 in the other eye. All eyes were evaluated for refraction power and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) at preoperative and 1, 3 months postoperatively. At postoperative 3 months, corrected visual acuity, quality of vision (OQAS II®), contrast sensitivity (CGT 2000®) and visual field (Humphrey Field Analyzer®), and subjective patients' response to the degree of brightness were evaluated. Furthermore, glistening degree, intraocular stability, and posterior capsular opacification were examined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in average refractive power or UCVA at 1 and 3 months (p > 0.05) between the two groups. At 3 months after cataract surgery, the quality of vision according to OQAS II®, the contrast sensitivity according to CGT 2000® with the glare either on or off, and visual field; showed no difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Both IOLs had no glistening and posterior capsular opacity. The patients' response to the degree of brightness shows that MX60 (48.3%) has a higher degree of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Yellow-tinted blue light-filtering IOL and clear UV light-filtering IOL had no difference in short-term visual acuity and quality of vision. Subjective brightness perception, however, was better with clear UV light-filtering IOL.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pterygium excision using a large conjunctival autograft for the treatment of recurrent pterygium. METHODS: The medical records of 120 patients (126 eyes) with recurrent pterygium were reviewed. For each affected eye, pterygium excision with a large conjunctival autograft was performed. The graft was harvested from the superior bulbar area and measured more than 8 × 10 mm in size. Only patients who completed at least six months of follow-up were included. Postoperative clinical outcomes, recurrence rate, and complications were analyzed. Patients with any evidence of recurrence after surgery received a subconjunctival bevacizumab injection. RESULTS: The average patient age was 56.5 ± 10.2 years, and 45 out of 120 patients were male. The mean study follow-up period was 17.7 ± 17.6 months. Most patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. Postoperative visual acuity improved from 0.69 to 0.75 (p < 0.05). Postoperative refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism decreased by 0.55 and 2.73 diopters, respectively (p < 0.05). The postoperative recurrence rate was 4.0%, and the average recurrence period was 7.4 ± 0.6 weeks. A subconjunctival injection of 5 mg bevacizumab was performed in cases of recurrence; no progression of the pterygium was observed following the injection. Postoperative complications included 2 cases of conjunctival graft edema in 2 eyes, 5 donor site scars in 5 eyes, 13 pyogenic granulomas in 13 eyes, and a conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst in 7 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygium excision with a large conjunctival autograft for the treatment of recurrent pterygium produced an excellent cosmetic outcome, a low recurrence rate, and minimal complications. A subconjunctival bevacizumab injection given in cases of recurrence following surgery might be effective in preventing progression of the pterygium.
Astigmatism ; Autografts* ; Bevacizumab ; Cicatrix ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of 0.05% cyclosporine A on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: This retrospective study included 50 patients who underwent PRK. Patients were divided into two groups: 25 patients in group I were treated with topical 0.05% cyclosporine A with conventional medication, and 25 patients in group II were treated with conventional medication. Visual acuity (VA), tear break-up time (BUT), fluorescein staining score (F-stain), Schirmer I test, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were evaluated before surgery and 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: F-stain was significantly lower in group I than in group II at 2 weeks and 1 month (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in uncorrected VA, BUT, Schirmer I test, or OSDI between the groups. However, group I showed a more effective pattern in dry eye. CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine A was helpful for early ocular surface stability in patients with dry eye after PRK.
Cyclosporine* ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and results of the prophylactic use of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) to inhibit haze formation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia in eyes that were not good candidates for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) because of inadequate corneal thickness. METHODS: On thirty eyes with high myopia (-6.0 to -10.13 diopters), PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% MMC application was performed. Visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, corneal haze, central corneal thickness, corneal endothelium, repair of corneal epithelium, and other complications were evaluated for 1 year. RESULTS No eyes showed any BCVA loss, and some even presented a BCVA increase, except in one case: one eye had lost a line 1 year after PRK. At 1 year after surgery, the spherical equivalent was within +/-0.5 D of the desired refraction in 73.33% of the cases, and 86.67% were within +/-1.0 D of the intended refraction. At 3 months after surgery, the mean corneal haze scale stabilized at about 0.22, and decreased further thereafter. Central corneal thickness increased steadily postoperatively, whereas endothelial density decreased significantly, however, the percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation in cell area showed no change. Epithelial regeneration was complete within 4 days, and there were no other complications. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of a 0.02% MMC applied intraoperatively after PRK produced lower haze rates and a better visual outcome. But, due to the decrease in endothelial cell density, the safety of MMC can be determined only after long-term observation.
Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Lasers, Excimer ; Mitomycin* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Regeneration ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and results of the prophylactic use of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) to inhibit haze formation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia in eyes that were not good candidates for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) because of inadequate corneal thickness. METHODS: On thirty eyes with high myopia (-6.0 to -10.13 diopters), PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% MMC application was performed. Visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, corneal haze, central corneal thickness, corneal endothelium, repair of corneal epithelium, and other complications were evaluated for 1 year. RESULTS No eyes showed any BCVA loss, and some even presented a BCVA increase, except in one case: one eye had lost a line 1 year after PRK. At 1 year after surgery, the spherical equivalent was within +/-0.5 D of the desired refraction in 73.33% of the cases, and 86.67% were within +/-1.0 D of the intended refraction. At 3 months after surgery, the mean corneal haze scale stabilized at about 0.22, and decreased further thereafter. Central corneal thickness increased steadily postoperatively, whereas endothelial density decreased significantly, however, the percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation in cell area showed no change. Epithelial regeneration was complete within 4 days, and there were no other complications. CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of a 0.02% MMC applied intraoperatively after PRK produced lower haze rates and a better visual outcome. But, due to the decrease in endothelial cell density, the safety of MMC can be determined only after long-term observation.
Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Lasers, Excimer ; Mitomycin* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Regeneration ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: In the present study, the effectiveness of topical chemotherapy for the primary treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) was evaluated. METHODS: We enrolled 10 patients (10 eyes) diagnosed with OSSN who received both clinical examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging. The patients were administered topical 0.02% mitomycin-C (MMC) 4 times/day in the affected eye. The patients with MMC-resistant OSSN received topical 1% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 4 times/day. AS-OCT imaging was performed before and after the treatment. Clinical examination and AS-OCT were used to monitor the efficacy of topical chemotherapy, recurrence and side effects. RESULTS: The mean age of the 10 patients (8 males, 2 females) was 76.7 years. The proportion of complete remission resulting from topical treatment with MMC was 80.0% (8 eyes) and 20.0% (2 eyes) when 5-FU was changed to MMC. The average duration of complete remission was 4.3 weeks and the average duration of no recurrence was 17.5 months. The epithelial thickness of the lesions, measured using AS-OCT, significantly decreased from 315.0 µm (pretreatment) to 105.3 µm (after complete remission). Additionally, the epithelial lesion appeared normal after treatment. The most common side effect was conjunctival hyperemia (60.0%, 6 eyes), followed by ocular allergy (30.0%, 3 eyes), superficial punctate keratitis (30.0%, 3 eyes) and corneal erosion (20%, 2 eyes). No serious complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Topical chemotherapy is as effective and well tolerated as a primary treatment for OSSN. Additionally, AS-OCT is a useful noninvasive adjunctive tool in the diagnosis and management of OSSN.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hypersensitivity ; Keratitis ; Male ; Mitomycin ; Recurrence ; Tomography, Optical Coherence