For the evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function in mild to moderate hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, 15 hypertensive patients (group A) and 15 normotensive subjects (group B) were examined by 2-D guided M-mode echocardiography. Various systolic and diastolic indices were derived from computer-assissted analysis of differential curves of left ventricular dimension and posterior wall thickness. The systolic and diastolic function indices of each of the two groups were compared. The results were as follows : 1) There were no significant differences in ejection fraction, left ventricular peak ejection rate and posterior wall thickening rate between two groups. 2) There were no significant differences in % ventricular A wave, left ventricular peak filling rate and posterior wall peak relaxation rate between two groups. 3) One third filling rate was 2.07+/-0.41 EDD/sec in group A and which was significantly lower than 3.29+/-0.88 EDD/sec of group B. Above result suggests that computer-assisted analysis of differential curves of left ventricular dimension and posterior wall thickness could be helpful in the early detection of diastolic dysfunction, and that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in its early filling period may develop in the mild to moderate hypertensive patients even before left ventricular hypertrophy develops.
Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Relaxation

A new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, was administered in 20 hypertensive patients (7 mild, 6 moderate and 7 severe hypertensives) for 8 weeks or longer in order to see the blood pressure lowering effects. Additionally the left ventricular mass index was measured by 2-D guided M-mode echocardiography before and after enalapril therapy, and subjective symptoms and laboratory findings were also followed. The results were as follows: 1) After 8 weeks of enalapril treatment (the doses form 10 mg to 20mg once a day) blood pressure were lowered markedly in 10, moderately in 4, mildly in 4 cases, but the blood pressures were not lowered in 2 cases with severe hypertension. The means of the blood pressures of the group were lowered form 182.1+/-19.2 to 148.0+/-26.0mmHg in systolic and from 111.9+/-14.7 to 95.1+/-17.1mmHg in diastolic after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). 2) Heart rates were not changed significantly with enalapril. 3) The symptoms of insomnia and headache were reported to be improved after enalapril in 13 cases. 4) No discernable changes in CBC and serum level of creatinine were observed. But the random urine protein was decreased in 6 cases with proteinuria in routine urinalysis. The serum lipid profile was not significantly changed, but in the 2 cases in which the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol was above 5.0, the ratio fell to below 5.0. 5) There was no significant EKG change after enalapril. 6) In 9 cases out of 13 cases with the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) above 125g/m2 BSA, LVMI was followed by echocardiography after enalapril. LVMI was significantly decreased in 8 of 9 cases and mean values after enalapril was decreased from 183.1+/-88.0g/m2 BSA to 150.8+/-61.3g/m2 BSA (p<0.0025). 7) Side effects after enalapril administration were transient dizziness in 4 cases and ageusia in 2 cases. Above results suggest that the enalapril could be an initial choice in the treatment of essential hypertension as a single oral agent in once a day regimen resulting in good antihypertensive effects, improvement of subjective symptoms, regreassion of the left ventricular hypertrophy and few side effects.
Ageusia ; Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Dizziness ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Enalapril* ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Proteinuria ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Urinalysis

Catopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was administrated in 30 hypertensive patients(mild 8, moderate 12, severe 10 cases)for 12 weeks or longer in order to observe the hypertensive effects. Changes in quality of life, side effects, electrocardiogram and left ventricular mass index(LVMI) by 2D-guided M-mode echocardiography were also evaluated before and after captopril. 1) After 12 weeks treatment with 25 to 150mg of captopril alone, blood pressures were lowered markedly in 16(53%), moderatly in 5(17%) and midly in 2(7%), while the addition of 25mg hydrochlorthiazide to captopril in the patients who showed no satisfactory responses the blood pressure were lowered markly in 21(70), moderately in 6(20%) and mildly 3(10%) out of 30 patients studied. The average of blood pressure of the 30 subjects were systolic 180.7+/-20.7mmHg(M+/-SD) and diastolic 113.2+/-12.5 before treatment, which were lowered to 148+/-15.8 and 92.5+/-8.0mmHg respectively after 12 weeks(P<0.005). 2) Heart rates were not changed with captopril and/or hydrochlorothiazide. 3) Quality of life improved markedly in 5(17%) and slightly in 12(40%) out of 30 subjects. 4) Complete blood cell count, urinalysis and serum enzymes followed revealed no significant changes. 5) By electrocardiographic follow-up studies 1 out of 13 subjects with LVH, 1 out of 4 LAH, 1 out of 2 ST-T changes were revealed to improved to normal. 6) In 25 out of 30 cases left ventricular mass indices(LVMI) were above 125g/m2 before treatment, among which 15 cases were followed with satisfactoriness good quality of the echocardiographic recorings and the LVMI was reduced from 169.6+/-40.7 to 141.7+/-40.9g/m2(P<0.01). 7) Undesirable side effects were dry cough 3, skin rash 2, dysgeusia 1 and renal dysfunction 1. 8) Considering the blood pressure lowering effects, life quality changed and side effects together the captopril was considered very useful in 8(27%) and useful in 16(53%) out of 30 subjects. Above results suggest that captopril can be prescribed as an effective initial single agent or with in combinations with thiazide for the treatment of hypertensive of various severities with acceptably low side effects.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Pressure ; Captopril* ; Cough ; Dysgeusia ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Exanthema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Quality of Life ; Urinalysis

Myocardial bridge is not a rare congenital malformation of the coronary artery which takes an intramural course. Most of the lesions are found in proximal half of the left anterior descending coronary artery, but one which occurs in the left circumflex artery is extremely rare. During systole, the intramural coronary artery is compressed by contraction of over bridging ventricular muscle, therefore blood flow distal to the lesion in impaired and angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction may occur. We experienced a 54-year-old man who complained of severe precordial pain during exercise and at rest for several months, and was diagnosed as myocardial bridging in the left circumflex coronary artery by coronary arteriography. Thus we report this case with literature review.
Angina Pectoris ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; Myocardial Infarction ; Systole

A 15 year-old boy who was supposed to have had rheumatic myocarditis manifested acute heart failure and transient left ventricular hypertrophy in the early phases of the disease process. Serial echocardiographic examination was very helpful to follow the clinical course and observe the anatomic and functional changes of the heart in conjunction with the clinical status.
Adolescent ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Male ; Myocarditis*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Voice changes developing after endotracheal intubation during right hemicolectomy with endotracheal intubation have been found to be due to a right recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 43-years-old male patient. It was likely that the inflated cuffed tube rode up to the level of the cricoid cartilage during the course of surgery as traction was placed on the endotracheal tube because the condenser humidifier and breathing circuit weighed heavy. Cuff overexpansion, in addition to muscle relaxation and decreased tracheal elasticity were considered as contributing factors of vocal cord palsy. We believe that tube traction and cuff overexpansion were the mechanism of vocal cord palsy in our patient. So we recommend the routine use of tube stand so that weigh of the breathing circuit does not transmit traction to the endotracheal tube. Concurrently, filling the cuff with a sample of the inspired mixture of gases, saline and 4% lidocaine in special cases or regular deflation of the cuff must be considered.
Cricoid Cartilage ; Elasticity ; Gases ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation ; Respiration ; Traction ; Vocal Cord Paralysis* ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice

No abstract available.

The antianginal effect of oral nicorandil was examined on 15 subjects with angina pectoris who had not been improved by previous treatment with beta blocker and/or calcium antagonists. Nicorandil, 5mg tid, was added to their previous regimen which were composed of beta blocker and/or calcium antagonists, and patients were followed up at least for 6 weeks. The following results were obtained; 1) Frequences of anginal attack were markedly reduced in 11(73%) of 15 patients after the use of nicorandil. 2) After the use of nicorandil, ST segment depression and T wave inversions were improved in 10(66.7%) of 15 patients. 3) In 10 patients who had been taken nicorandil over 12 weeks, 9 patients showed sustained improvement in clinical status, but no significant side effect was noted. 4) In two patients who had undergone exercise tolerance test, significant prolongation in exercise duration were noted. 5) The adverse effects of nicorandil were as follows; headache in 3, insomnia in 3, excessive perspiration, dizziness, thirst, constipation and facial fiushing in 1, respectively.
Angina Pectoris* ; Calcium ; Constipation ; Depression ; Dizziness ; Exercise Tolerance ; Headache ; Humans ; Nicorandil* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thirst