Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease and afflicts approximately 1% of general population. Once considered as a benign non-fatal disease, rheumatoid arthritis is a debilitating condition with a serious physical, emotional, and economic consequences. Life expectancy is reduced among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and survival rates are comparable to those for three-vessel coronary disease Hodgkin's disease, and diabetes mellitus. For the past 20 years the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been developed on pyramid approach, which has had limited success. This led to a move towards using disease modifying antirheumatic drugs early in the disease. Future of rheumatoid arthritis tensive induction therapy, and treatment for resistant disease. This review will be focused on current principles and general guidelines of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Antirheumatic Agents ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Coronary Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common arthritis of human joint diseases and a major cause of morbidity and disability in the elderly. Current treatment of OA is to control symptoms because there are no disease-modifying OA drugs yet. The goals of management are to control pain and maintain/improve joint mobility and minimize disability. The treatment modalities consist of nonpharmacologic, pharmarcologic therapies and surgical treatment. A pyramid approach is recommended. The layers of the pyramid are added one to another in a stepwise fashion, although treatment should be individualized based on the distribution and severity of joint involvement as well as the presence of comorbid conditions. First use nonpharmacologic modalities and acetoaminophen for pain and symptom control. If response is inadequate, use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID) (with gastrointestinal protective drug) During the course of managing the OA patients intraarticular hyaluronic acid and topical capsaicin cream can be given to patients already on acetoaminophen or NSAID. If effusion is present, do aspiration and injection of intraarticular steroids. If response is inadequate despite of nonpharmacological and pharmacoogic therapies, surgery can be considered. Novel agents for OA are being investigated and will be available in the future. So it is expected that the prognosis and quality of life of patients with OA will be improved.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Capsaicin ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis* ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Steroids

Postpartum hemorrhage is a common cause of maternal mortality; its main cause is placenta accreta. Therapeutic hypothermia is a generally accepted means of improving clinical signs in postcardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. A 41-year-old pregnant woman underwent a cesarean section under general anesthesia at 37 weeks of gestation. After the cesarean section, the patient experienced massive postpartum bleeding, which led to cardiac arrest. Once spontaneous circulation returned, the patient underwent an emergency hysterectomy and was placed under therapeutic hypothermia management. The patient recovered without neurological complications.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Cesarean Section ; Emergencies ; Female ; Heart Arrest* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Hypothermia, Induced* ; Hysterectomy* ; Maternal Mortality ; Placenta Accreta ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Resuscitation

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was considered to be a physiologic adaptation to the increased afterload of left ventricle, but recent studies revealed that LVH was one of the most important target organ damage in essential hypertensive patients & cardiovascular morbidity was increased in patients with hypertensive LVH. Hypertensive LVH could be classified into three types : concentric LVH, disproportionate septal thickening(DST), and left ventricular dilatation. Relatively high incidence of DST in hypertension has bee reported after clinical introduction of echocardiogram. But, the mechanisms for the development of DST and its clinical significance have not been elucidated exactly. In order to assess left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensives with DST, the authors performed phonocardiogram, M-mode, and pulsed Doppler echocardiogram in 15 normotensive control(group A : 5 male, 10 female, 44.4+/-7.7 years), 15 hypertensives without LVH(group B : 5 male, 10 female, 45.5+/-8.6 years), 85 hypertensives with DST(group C : 9 male, 16 female, 47.5+/-8.6 years) and 15 hypertensives with concentric LVH(group D : 8 male, 7 female, 47.7+/-6.1 years). The obtained results were as follows : 1) Left ventricular ejection fraction was 71.6+/-6.3% in group A, 71.9+/-7.5% in group B, 731+/-7.0% in group C, and 70.3+/-10.3% in group D. Ejection fraction was not significantly different in each other group. 2) Left ventricular mass index(LVMI) by echocardiogram was 87.8+/-20.6g/m
Adaptation, Physiological ; Bees ; Deceleration ; Dilatation ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Male ; Relaxation ; Stroke Volume

No abstract available.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a relatively rare benign tumor, which is charaterized by the development of endothelial-lined papillary projections in a vascular lumen. They can occur as a pure form in which endothelial proliferation developes in a dilated vessel, a mixed form in which endothelial proliferation occurs within a pre-existing angioma. We herein report a case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia coexistent with angioleiomyoma occuring in a 54-year-old man, who had a slowly growing tumor on the right sole for 2 years. The histologic findings revealed a solitary encapsulated mass composed of smooth muscles and blood vessels in deep dermis and papillary endothelial hyperplasia in a neighboring blood vessel.
Angiomyoma* ; Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth

Scleroderma is a systemic disorder with multiorgan involvement. About 90% of patients with scleroderma has Raynaud's phenomenon and microvascular involvement is well recognized in scleroderma, but macrovascular involvement is not recognized. We experienced 2 cases of scleroderma with peripheral vascular occlusions that had been diagnosed by fernoral angiography. The one patient with limited scleroderma had anticentromere antibody and angiography of both fernoral arteries showed nonvisualization of posterior tibial artery. The other patient with diffuse scleroderma had anti-Scl-70 antibody and angiography of right fernoral artery showed occlusion of both anterior and posterior tibial arteries and stenosis of distal portion of peronial artery. Both patients didn't have the risk factors of atherosclerosis such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and smoking. In recent years, there have been reports that scleroderma is associated with macrovascular disease. In the future, the study on the freguency, prevention and treatment of macrovasular disease in scleroderma is necessary. We report 2 cases of scleroderma with peripheral vascular occlusions that had been diagnosed by fernoral angiography with review of literatures.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases* ; Risk Factors ; Scleroderma, Diffuse ; Scleroderma, Limited ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tibial Arteries