It is critical to preventing gut-originaltel infection to attenuate bacterial and/or endotoxin translocation, maintain bacterial balance, improve gut mucosal barrier function and elevate local immunity. Probiotics beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, by preventing gut mucosal barrier breakdown and bacterial translocation, by modulating immunity,and by promoting gut movements and absorption. The role and new progress of probiotics in enteral nutrition are reviewed .

Retrospective analyses of clinical data were performed for 518 elderly cataract patients (856 eyes) of Disabled Persons' Federation in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.For 69 eyes (8.06％),corneal edema was a major factor of low vision during early postoperative period; for 23 eyes (2.69％),delayed cataract was an important cause of low vision during long-term postoperative period.The best corrected visual acuity of 120 eyes caused by nonsurgical factors was diabetic retinopathy (48 eyes,48.00％),senile macular degeneration (25 eyes,20.80％),high myopia retinopathy (17 eyes,14.20％),optic never injury in glaucoma (16 eyes,13.30％),macular membrane & hole (5 eyes,4.20％) and amblyopia & corneal leucoma (9 eyes,7.50％).Retinal disease is the most important reason of low vision after cataract surgery.And surgery remains the most effective treatment for cataract.

Objective: To observe the effect of Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb) on Form deprivation Myopia (FDM) in the chick. Methods: 30 two day chicks were divided into three groups (Control Group, Drug Group Ⅰ, Drug Group Ⅱ). All of them were monocularly deprived by suturation of eyelids. Axial length was measured by A Scan ultrasonograph, the posterior cartilaginous sclera, the sclera fibrous and retina were observed under the light microscope. Results: Both refraction and axial eye length were changed by form deprivation in control group. refraction change ( P

Objective To establish TaqMan real-time PCR method for detection and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumonia. Methods Two sets of primers and FAM-labeled probes targeting different genes of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were designed and synthesized. The bexA gene was used for identification of Haemophilus influenzae and lytA for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were assessed for different primers and probes. Cut-off values of cycle threshold (Ct) were determined. Two hundred and seventy-eight cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from suspected bacterial meningitis cases were detected by real-time PCR assay, latex agglutination test and bacteria culture simultaneously. Results Haemophilus influenzae isolates of serotype a to d could be detected and identified by bexA primers and probe. All Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of different serotypes could be detected and identified by lytA primers and probe. The respective sensitivities for Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 10 and 90 genome DNA copies in each PCR reaction. Of the 278 CSF specimens, four were positive by Haemophilus influenzae and seven positive by Streptococcus pneumoniae when detected by real-time PCR. Of the four Haemophilus influenzae positive specimens, two were positive by culture and one positive hy latex. Of the seven Streptococcus pneumonia positive specimens, two were positive by culture and two positive by latex. Conclusions Real-time PCR could rapidly detect and identify Haemophilus influenzae of serotype a to d and Streptococcus pneumoniae of different serotypes with high sensitivity. TaqMan real-time PCR could be widely used for the diagnosis of invasive meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can improve the rate of positivity for diagnosis of suspicious bacterial meningitis cases.

Objective To learn the relationship and operating mechanism between medical staff's loyalty and patient satisfaction.Methods Medical staff and inpatients of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing were sampled at a 1:2 ratio for study,with 840 questionnaires released and 269 valid questionnaires recovered;medical staff service quality as perceived by inpatients served as the intermediate variable,with Mplus7.0 used to build a structural formula model for an empirical study of the relationship between staff loyalty and patient satisfaction.Results Staff loyalty exerts certain positive influence on patient satisfaction and staff service quality ( P < 0.001 ); service quality also exerts some positive influence on patient satisfaction (P<0.001);staff loyalty indirectly exerts positive influence(P<0.001)via the service quality as perceived by patients(mediation effect value 0.364 > direct effect value 0.143).Conclusions Structural formula model can reveal the relationship and extent of the influence of staff loyalty on patient satisfaction.This indicates that hospitals should enhance the loyalty,medical competence and communication skills of their medical staff for higher patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn patients. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the genes encoding the integron, transposon, conjugative plasmid and insertion sequence in 20 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn patients. Results tnpU and ISaba1 genes were detected in all 20 strains, and int Ⅰ gene was detected in 19 strains (95.0%). Other genes were all negative. Conclusion Mobile genetic elements carrying multi-drug resistant genes are found in Acinctobacter baumannii strains isolated from bum patients.

Objective To investigate the improve effects of environmental enrichment on maternal behavior in the adult female rats thatexperienced early-life stress,and to explore the molecular biological mechanism.Methods The newborn Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly,the early life stress group and the control group.Pups from the former were separated from their mothers once per day for 4 hours from PND 2-21 (day of birth was considered PND =0),and suffered vicious stimulus during the daily 4 hours maternal separation from PND 8-21.On PND 22(weaning),pups from the early life stress group were divided into two groups:12 female pups were reared singly,refered to as isolated-rearing group; another 12 were placed in a big cage that was filled with all sorts of rodents toys,refered to as enriched-rearing group; control female pups were placed in groups of 4 per cage.Mating with male rats when female pups reached PND66,then being placed in cages singly when they were detected pregnant.Maternal behavior was evaluated on the second and sixth day after delivery,and the hypothalamic OTR mRNA levels were examined by RT-PCR.Results The results of maternal behavior observation showed that the total time of retrieve and the latency of licking were significantly longer in isolated-rearing rats compared with the normal and the enriched-rearing rats (P ＜ 0.01) ; total time of licking in enriched-rearing rats was longer than the normal and the isolated-rearing rats(P＜0.01) on the sixth day after delivery;and the score of the nest building was obviously lower in isolated-rearing rats,especially on the sixth day after delivery(P ＜ 0.01).Hypothalamic OTR mRNA levels in the isolated-rearing rats showed strongly decreased compared with the normal rats(P＜0.01),but which close to normal levels in enriched-rearing rats.Conclusion Early life stress can damage some components of maternal behavior,such as retrieval,licking,nest building,but it has no obvious effect on crouching behavior; it also decreases the hypothalamic OTR mRNA levels of the adult female rats; as a kind of early environmental intervention,groups-rearing could make hypothalamic OTR mRNA levels of the female rats that subjected to early life stress restore to normal,and thus reverse the disruptions of stress in maternal behavior.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistant genes in Klebsiella pncumoniae.MethodsTwenty strains of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from burn patients.Susceptibility of these strains to 14 antibiotics was detected by KB method.PCR was used to detect oqxA,smrKpn,qacE,tehA,mdfA and qacEΔl-sul1 genes.ResultsThe antibiotic sensitivity rates of 20 multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to antibiotics tested were ＜ 30％ except that to imipenam.The positive rates of efflux pump genes mdfA,qacEΔl-sull and oqxA were 65％,100％ and 100％,respectively; while those ofsmrKpn,qacE and tehA were 0％,0％ and 15％.ConclusionoqxA gene has been detected in multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from burn patients with high positive rate.

Objective To explore the relationship between angiogenin-1/2 (Ang-1/2) and clinical parameters of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to assess the value of Ang-1/2 in predicting the prognosis of patients with IPF.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. Ninety-one patients diagnosed as IPF by high resolution CT (HRCT) and lung biopsy admitted to Daqing Oil Field General Hospitalfrom March 2014 to January 2015 were enrolled. The general data, serum parameters and pulmonary function parameters of all patients were collected. After treatment, all of the 91 patients were followed-up to 2 years. The patients were divided into favorable prognosis group and unfavorable prognosis group according to follow-up results. The differences in all parameters between the two groups werecompared. The relationship between Ang-1, Ang-2 and lung function parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the effect of clinical parameters on the prognosis of patients with IPF. The effect of Ang-2 in predicting prognosis of patients with IPF was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results During the 2-year follow-up period, 30 of 91 patients showed a favorable prognosis, and 55 showed an unfavorable prognosis with a poor prognosis rate of 64.71%, and 6 patients withdrew from the study due to loss of follow-up and death. Compared with the favorable prognosis group, Ang-2 level in the unfavorable prognosis group was significantly increased (μg/L: 2.88±1.63 vs. 1.89±1.22,t = 2.909,P= 0.005), but Ang-1 only showed a slight increase (μg/L: 28.70±14.26 vs. 25.62±11.95,t = 1.005,P = 0.318). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that Ang-2 level was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FVC1) and the percentage of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity accounting for the expected value (DLCO%;r value was -0.227 and -0.206, andP value was 0.147 and 0.253, respectively), but no significant correlation between the level of Ang-1 and FVC1 as well as DLCO% was found (r value was -0.153 and -0.121, andP value was 0.147 and 0.253, respectively). Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with IPF was significantly affected by smoking time and Ang-2 (bothP< 0.05), and the influence of Ang-2 was greater [relative risk (RR): 1.236 vs. 1.006, P= 0.037]. Age, gender, smoking and the levels of FVC1, DLCO% and Ang-1 had no significant effect on the prognosis of IPF patients (allP> 0.05). Prognostic analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of Ang-2 for predicting prognosis of patients with IPF was 0.692, and the best diagnostic point was 0.35μg/L, the sensitivity was 61.8%, the specificity was 73.3%, the positive predictive value was 69.8%, and the negative predictive value was 65.7% which indicated that Ang-2 could predict the prognosis of patients with IPF.Conclusion Ang-2 could assess the prognosis of patients with IPF, which is expected to be used as an indicator of predicting the prognosis of patients with IPF.

AIM: To investigate the effect of phospholamban antisense RNA (asPLB) on the activity of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+-ATPase, and the change of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+]i) in rat cardiomyocytes by adeno-associated virus(AAV) vector. METHODS: rAAV-asPLB and rAAV-LacZ were constructed by AAV Helper-Free System. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of PLB. The activity of SR Ca 2+-ATPase and the [Ca 2+]i were measured. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the PLB mRNA and protein expression reduced in rat cardiomyocytes transfected with rAAV-asPLB. The activity of Ca 2+-ATPase was increased. In rest state, the level of [Ca 2+]i in rAAV-asPLB transfected group was decreased. The level of [Ca 2+]i was increased when induced by isoproterenol. CONCLUSION: rAAV-asPLB vector disrupts the expression of PLB, enhances the activity of Ca 2+-ATPase, reduces the resting [Ca 2+]i and enhances the isoproterenol-induced [Ca 2+]i.