Objective To study the mechanism of Helicobacter Pylori inhibiting the healing of acetic acid - induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods Rats were infected with Helicobacter Pylori and the model of acetic acid gastric ulcer was replicated at 4 weeks after in-fection. Amount of G cell and D cell in mucosa of gastric antrum, quantity of gastric juice and pH were measured at the 3rd,Sth, 16th day after the model was replicated. Results When the group of Hp + acetic acid ulcer compared with the group of acetic acid ulcer, the number of G cell, quantity of gastric juice increased (P < 0.01), and the number of D cell and pH decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Helicobacter Pylori inhibits ulcer healing through increasing gastric acid secretion.

Objective To observe the expression of axon guidance cues Slit2 and Robo4 in lung tissue of rat with acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the function of Slit2 and Robo4 in ALI.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly (random number) divided into control group (n =24) and ALl group (n =24).ALI model was reproduced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP).The control group only experienced a simulated operation without CLP.Both groups were further divided into 3 subgroups with 8 rats in each subgroup:12 h,24 h,and 48 h subgroups.artery blood gas analysis,lung tissue wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio,lung histopathologic changes,pulmonary microvascular permeability were observed.The serum tumor nocrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of Slit2 and Robo4 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The expression of Slit2 and Robo4 protein in lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Date were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with SPSS version 13.0 software.Statistical significance was established at a P value of less than 0.05.Results Compared with the control group,in ALI rats at different time points,partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) decreased significantly,lung W/D weight ratio and pulmonary microvascular permeability,the serum TNF-α increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),histopathology of lung revealed signs of injury.The expression of Slit2 mRNA in lung tissues was decreased markedly after CLP compared with control group [(0.56±0.13) vs.(0.87±0.05),F=41.39,P＜0.05,(0.42±0.10) vs.(0.85±0.07),F=93.54,P＜0.05,(0.26±0.08) vs.(0.89 ±0.09),F=227.05,P＜0.05].but there were no significant difference in expression of Robo4 mRNA in lung tissue between ALI group and control group [(0.86±0.07) vs.(0.83±0.05),F=0.695,P＞0.05,(0.82±0.05) vs.(0.89±0.08),F=2.061,P ＞ 0.05,(0.86 ± 0.08) vs.(0.86 ± 0.05),F =0.035,P ＞ 0.05].Immunohistochemistry study showed Slit2 protein was mainly expressed on the extracellular surface of vascular endothelial cells,while lung epithelial cell nuclei and endochylema.Robo4 protein was only expressed on the extracellular surface of vascular endothelial cells.Compared with the control group,expression of Slit2 protein in lung tissue in ALI group decreased markedly [(0.37 ± 0.05) vs.(0.45 ± 0.07),F =6.82,P ＜ 0.05,(0.32±0.06) vs.(0.47±0.09),F=23.54,P＜0.05,(0.28±0.07) vs.(0.46±0.06),F=28.01,P ＜ 0.05].As good as RT-PCR,there were no significant difference in expression of Robo4 protein in lung tissue between two groups [(0.53±0.04) vs.(0.52±0.05),F=0.155,P＞0.05,(0.53± 0.09) vs.(0.50±0.05),F=0.498,P＞0.05,(0.55±0.06) vs.(0.56±0.07),F=0.073,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusions Lung tissues of control group rats express Slit2 and Robo4.The decreased Slit2 mRNA and protein expressions in the lung tissue of rat with ALI caused by CLP may be associated with the occurrence of ALI.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the change of serum vascular epidermis growth factor(VEGF) level and curative effect of pancreatic cancer treated by gamma rays, and evaluate it clinical significance. Methods The serum VEGF level of thirty patients with pancreatic cancer treated by gamma rays were determined before and one month after treatment. The relationship between curative effect,survival, life quality and the serum VEGF level was analyzed. Results The serum VEGF level of 30 cases before treatment was (624.1 ± 144.3) pg/ml, whereas one month after treatment it was (279.3 ± 83.4) pg/ml(P ＜0.01 ). In the 19 patient whose serum VEGF level decreased by more than 50%, CR + PR was gained in 18 patients, improved quality of life in 7 patients, and in the 11 patient whose serum VEGF level decreased by less than 50%, CR + PR in 7 patients, improved quality of life in 1 patient( P = 0.012, P = 0. 028). In 24patients who completed 2 years follow-up, 11 of 15 patients whose serum VEGF level decreased by more than 50% survived more than 1 year, which was higher than that of the patients whose serum VEGF level decreased by less than 50%. Conclusions The serum VEGF level decreased significantly after gamma rays treatment and the extent of decrease could be used as a surrogate to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.

AIM:To observe the role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the regulation of pulmonary artery tension.METHODS:The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was detected by laser-scanning confocal micros-copy, and the pulmonary artery tension was determined by the pulmonary arterial ring technique .RESULTS: Increased levels of [Ca2+]o or Gd3+(an agonist of CaSR) induced the increase in [Ca2+]i and pulmonary artery constriction in a concentration-dependent manner.Additionally, the effects of Ca2+and Gd3+were inhibited by U73122 and D609 (specific inhibitor of PLC), and 2-APB and heparin (specific antagonist of IP3 receptor).However, U73343 (U73122 inactive ana-logue) did not take effect.CONCLUSION: CaSR may be involved in the regulation of pulmonary artery tension by in-creasing [Ca2+]i through G-protein-PLC-IP3 pathway.

Aim To explore the role of resveratrol (Res)on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by iso-proterenol (ISO)and the relationship with endoplas-mic reticulum stress (ERS).Methods Hypertrophic model of cardiomyocytes was induced by ISO.Hyper-trophy status of cardiomyocytes was determined by measuring the cell surface area and the gene expression of ANP.The value of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry,the content of LDH and MDA was measured in different groups,and the gene and protein expres-sions of GRP78 and CHOP were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Res could attentuate ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis by reducing the cell surface area,the gene expression of ANP and the value of apoptosis.Res could inhibit ERS by downregulating the gene and protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP.Meanwhile,the content of LDH and MDA was decreased.Conclusions The results suggest that treatment of Res may protect cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,which is partially mediated by inhibiting the expression of ERS factors GRP78 and CHOP.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect s of a synthetic CRE-transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (CRE-decoy ODN) on the upregulation of the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) and fosB mRN A induced by chronic morphine administration in SK-N-SH cells. METHODS: The CRE cis-element, TGACGTCA, was palindromic, a sy nthetic single-stranded phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide composed of the CR E sequence self-hybridizes to form a duplex/hairpin. The CRE-palindromic decoy a nd control oligodeoxynucleotides were added to the medium (1 h before exposure t o morphine) at 150 nmol/L in the presence of cationic lipid DOTAP. After the cel ls were treated with 100 ?mol/L morphine for 48 h, 10 ?mol/L naloxone was use d for 15 min. The effects of CRE-decoy ODN on the DNA-binding activity of CREB, the expression of CCK and fosB mRNA were detected by electrophoresis mobi lity shift assay (EMSA) and RT-PCR, respectively. The stability of cell-incorpo rated [ 32P]-labeled CRE-decoy ODN was extracted with phenol:chloroform a nd then subjected to 20% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and au toradiography. RESULTS: Chronic morphine administration and acute naloxone-prec ipitated withdrawal significantly activated the DNA-binding activity of CREB and the expression of CCK and fosB mRNA in SK-N-SH cells. The CRE-decoy ODN pen etrated into the cells, specifically downregulated these indexes. CONCLUSIONS: CRE-decoy ODN can significantly downregulates the e xpre ssion of CCK and fosB mRNA through specifically suppressing the DNA-binding activity of CREB activated by chronic morphine administration in SK-N-SH cells.

Aim To study the effects of difluoromethy-lornithine (DFMO)on cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO).Methods The cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups ran-domly:Control group,ISO group,ISO+DFMO group and (ISO +DFMO +Putrescine)group.The hyper-trophic model of cardiomyocytes was induced by ISO, the cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 0.5 mmol · L-1 DFMO and 0.5 mmol·L-1 putrine,the gene ex-pression of ANP,the surface area of cardiomyocytes and the contents of LDH and MDA were measured. Apoptotic value of cardiomyocytes was observed by An-nexin V/PI,the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with ISO group,the cell sur-face area,the gene level of ANP,the apoptosis value of cardiomyocytes and the contents of LDH and MDA were decreased in ISO +DFMO group (P <0.05 ). Meanwhile,DFMO pretreatment upregulated the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2 (P <0.05 ), in-creased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (P<0.05 ),downregu-lated the gene and protein levels of Bax (P<0.05 ). Conclusion The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ap-optosis induced by ISO can be protected by DFMO pre-treatment,which may be associated with the expression of apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal glomus tumors (GIGT). Methods: Totally 15 cases of GIGT were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, from January 2011 to June 2018. The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, BRAF V600E mutation and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 15 patients′ age ranged from 37 to 59 years(median 49 years, mean 50 years). Eleven patients presented with intermittent abdominal pain and distention, three showed antral space-occupying lesions at physical examination, and one had abdominal pain accompanied by fecal blood. Fourteen tumors were located in the stomach, and one was in the ileum. Imaging showed the gastric glomus tumors were located in the submucosal layer with obvious enhancement in the arterial phase, and the ileum glomus tumor involved the whole layer of intestinal wall causing luminal obstruction. The maximum diameters of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 2.3 cm). Grossly, the gastric glomus tumors were solid. Microscopically, the gastric glomus tumors were mostly located in the muscularispropria layer and were vascular. The tumor boundary was distinct but without capsule formation. The tumor cells were round or oval, and showed perivascular hemangiopericytoma-like or solid nest-like structures. The tumor cells were mildly pleomorphic, with rare mitosis and no necrosis. Two tumors had focal calcification, two showed mucosal invasion, two showed vascular invasion and five showed perineural invasion. The ileum glomus tumor was cellular, with prominent cellular atypia, and the mitotic count in hot spots was about 5-6/HPF. Immunohistochemistry showed that SMA and collage Ⅳ were strongly expressed in all the tumor cells; caldesmon and calponin were moderately expressed in some regions, and syn was weakly expressed in 12 cases. The Ki-67 proliferation index in the gastric glomus tumors ranged from 1% to 30% (mean 6%); and that in the ileum glomus tumor was about 70%. BRAF V600E mutations were not detected in any of 15 GIGTs. All patients did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy post operatively. Thirteen patients were followed up by telephone for 18-90 months (mean 42 months). Twelve patients with gastric glomus tumors survived without recurrence and metastasis, and the patient with ileum glomus tumor had liver metastasis 15 months after operation. Conclusions Glomus tumors is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors, neuroendocrine tumor, leiomyoma, solitary fibrous tumor and paraganglioma. Most GIGTs are benign and have good prognosis. More experience is needed to understand the biologic behavior and prognostication of GIGTs.

In the course of pathophysiology,we gave full play to the advantages of network teaching platform to integrate teaching resources,broaden students' learning pathways,and enhance the interaction,which could benefit teachers as well as students.The traditional teaching mode and concept were changed by using Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) and relying on the network platform to carry out multi-level teaching methods such as flipped classroom and Task-Based Leaming (TBL).We gradually conducted formative assessment to promote learning.Thus,the interest and the enthusiasm of students in learning were elevated and the independent learning capability were cultivated.

Objective:To find the biomarkers that accurately predict the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:The immune related genes that were significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of patients with ESCC were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to construct a prognostic risk score model. The prognoses of the high-risk and low-risk groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier method. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Tumor tissue samples of 83 patients with pathological diagnosis of ESCC were collected from Anyang Cancer Hospital for external verification. Cox regression analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of prognostic risk score and various clinical characteristics on OS of patients with ESCC.Results:Seven immune-related genes that were significantly related to survival prognosis were selected from the TCGA database and included in the prognostic risk score model, which were S100A12, SLC40A1, FABP9, TNFSF10, IGHA2, IL1F10, and STC2. The 1- and 2-year survival rates of the low-risk group (40 cases) were 94.3% and 82.5%, respectively, while those of the high-risk group (40 cases) were 75.9% and 32.9%, respectively.The prognosis of the high-risk group was worse than that of the low-risk group ( P<0.001). The 83 external validation samples obtained consistent results by using the prognostic risk score model. The prognostic risk score was positively correlated with the content of CD4 + T lymphocytes in ESCC ( rs=0.259, P=0.020), but not correlated with the content of B lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages or dendritic cells ( P>0.05). Conclusions:S100A12, SLC40A1, FABP9, TNFSF10, IGHA2, IL1F10, and STC2 were risk genes significantly associated with OS of patients with ESCC. The prognostic risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of patients with ESCC, and it was correlated with the content of CD4 + T lymphocytes in ESCC tissue.