Objective To explore the differential diagnosis among lacunas, demyelination and perivessel space in the aging brain. Methods T1 and T2 weighted image for 100 aging brains were analyzed retrospectively. All examinations were performed using GE 1.5 T scanner. Results In 100 subjects, 61 had multiloci of infarction and constituted a total of 110 loci. They located at pontine(17), cerebellum(14), lentiform nucleus(24), internal capsal(10), thalamus(12), periventricular and head of caudate nucleus (26), semioval centrum (7). They were round, elliptic, triangle, curve and irregular in shape, respectively. Ninety-five patients had 125 countable perivessel spaces. They located at ganglia (84) and semioval centrum (41). Demyelination was seen in 71 subjects and involved pontine and semioval centrum. Conclusions Most of lacuna, demyelination and perivessel space is distinguishable based on their signal, shape and location.

Objective To investigate the gender differences and the effect of three factors(the angle of rotation, left/right,palm/back) on hand mental rotation. Methods 40 healthy adults (20 males and 20 females, age; 18～26 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of human hand as picture stimuli,participants were instructed to decide as quickly as possible whether the stimulus was a left or right hand. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results ① the subjects' reaction speed was far slower at 180° than 0°(P＜0.01). ②On judgment of 0° back picture,females were faster than males(left back: males( 1033. 16 ±245.85) ms,females( 853.15 ± 142.79) ms,P=0.014; right back; males( 973.07 ±217.11) ms;,females (796.28 ±146.67 )ms, P = 0.016). And,the right hand was responded faster than left hand,with statistical significance (males; P = 0.028, females; P=0.038). ③The time of females in judging the 0° hand back ( left (853. 15 ± 142.79) ms,right (796. 27 ± 146. 67 ms) ) was shorter than palm(left ( 1002. 72 ± 227. 91) ms,right ( 986.06 ± 230. 03) ms), reached statistical significance ( both at P ＜ 0. 001). In contrast, males in judging the 180° pictures, the speed of reaction to back(left ( 1252. 70 ±269. 35) ms,right ( 1216. 68 ±293. 54 )ms) was slower than palm with statistical significance (left: P ＜ 0. 01, right: P = 0. 015). Conclusion The three factors (angle of rotation,left/right,and palm/back) all exert effect on the behavior of hand mental rotation. It really has gender difference on hand mental rotation. Females response faster than males.

Objective To determine whether exposure to electromagnetic radiation results in behavioral effects of rat pups.Methods Wistar rats,either male or female,were divided randomly into four groups respectively:control(CTR),100 seconds(S1),1000 seconds(S10)and 3000 seconds(S30),then each of them were exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 100 kV/m field amplitude of corresponding time.For the day of exposure till 2 months later.they were mated with the rats in the same group and their offspring were divided into four groups(F-GTB,F-S1,F-S10,F-S30)correspondingly.Behavioral changes occur in 2-month old and 6-month old rat pups were found between radiation groups and control,and in Y-maze test,beth male and female pups in F-S10 significantly learned fewer times than their control(total study times:male 14.6±3.9 vs 21.1±7.8,female13.4±3.0 vs 25.8±8.8;false times:male 3.5±2.4 vs 7.8±5.4,female 3.4±2.6 vs 11.0±7.2).In open field test,both maze,male pups in F-S1 and F-S30 learned more times than control in total study time(24.2±8.9 vs 14.1±5.2.30.7±12.4 vs 14.1±5.2).In step throush test and open field test,no significant differences were found between radiation groups and control.Conclusion There was significant genetic effect exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 100 kV/m,mainly manifested in rat pups in growth period but without long-term effect.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) EEG field powers on the auditory P300 evoke potentials.MethodsThe EEG was recorded in 12 healthy male college students (20 ～24 years) respectively in their eyes-closed and eyes-open states,and then the auditory P300 paradigm was performed.Results① Alpha band was distributed at the posterior-occipital area,while Alpha-1 (7.5～9.5 Hz) field power were EC as (2.62 ±0.81 ) μV2 and EO as ( 1.80 ±0.56) μV2,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Alpha-2 ( 10 ～ 12 Hz) field power were EC as ( 8.55 ± 1.85 ) μV2 and EO as (4.95 ± 1.59 )μV2,also with statistical significance (P＜0.05).②In P300,the Common stimulus elicited clear component N1 (90ms)and P2 (180ms) in the ERPs after stimulus,while there were no significant differences between EC and EO states.Correspondingly,the rare stimulus elicited clear component N2 (207 ms) and P3 (313 ms) in the ERPs after stimulus on-set.Comparing the differences of field potentials of the rare stimulus between the two states,N2field potential in EC ( (0.01 ± 0.71 ) μV) was smaller than that in EO ( ( - 2.13 ± 0.80 ) μV ),with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; while P3 field potential in the EC ( ( 4.16 ± 1.08 ) μV ) was smaller than that in EO ( (4.78 ± 1.20) μV),but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe alpha field power is higher in eyes-closed than in eyes-open state,while performing the same auditory P300 paradigm,significant reduction of field potential in the N2 component are observed in eyes-closed than in eyes-open state.

Objective To investigate the failure of treatment with chloroquine in Yunnan in order to help formulate adequate antimalarial drug policy. Methods A World Health Organization 28-day in vivo test on therapeutic response for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in area with low or moderate transmission was adopted. Patients of age ≥ 6 months old were admitted without limitation in density of parasitaemia and body temperature. Clinical and parasitological observation was conducted for patients on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Results Of 62 patients identified as malaria cases infected by Plasmodium falciparum only, Plasmodium vivax only or by both species, 52 cases infected by Plasmodium falciparum only were included in the study. The overall treatment failure rate was 40.7%, with early treatment failure (ETF) rate of 1.8% and late treatment failure rate (LTF) of 38.9%. Conclusion The treatment failure rate was much higher than the rate of 25% recommended by WHO. It is suggested that use of single chloroquine should be stopped in the treatment of falciparum malaria cases in such area. No relationship was found between the failure rate and the density of malaria parasites.

BACKGROUND:Transfusion guidelines pointed out:whole blood should be stored at (4±2)℃. The bacterial growth or loss of function should occur if the blood leaves the suitable storage conditions. Recipients wil suffer from different degrees of blood transfusion reaction or invalid infusion.
OBJECTIVE:To observe morphology of erythrocytes of autologous blood stored at different temperatures using microscope.
METHODS:Blood was obtained from 40 cases of acute normovolemic hemodilution and stored in ACD citrate bags. Whole blood was respectively stored at 4 ℃ and 23 ℃. Blood smear was taken respectively in the blood storage immediately, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after col ecting autologous blood. Changes in morphology of erythrocytes were observed with a microscope. Deformity rate of erythrocytes was calculated. Six blood samples were randomly selected to test pH, K+, and free hemoglobin respectively in 6-hour common temperature group and ACD banked blood within the valid period. Six blood samples were randomly selected for the bacterial culture in each group of two groups at 6 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no significant differences in abnormality rates of erythrocytes between 4 ℃ and common temperature groups at each time point. The pH, K+, free hemoglobin at six hours in the common temperature group were better than those of ACD banked blood within the valid period and there was no bacterial growth in culture between the two groups. Therefore, it is feasible to transfuse autologous blood back to the patient within 6 hours of storage at room temperature.

Objective To seek the specific receptors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) adhesion by separating the binding protein of the HBV preS1 region in HepG2 and performing the mass spectrometry .Methods The immunomagnetic bead method was adopted to separate HepG2 membrane protein combined with preS1 peptide fragment and the binding protein was separated by the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) ,then the destination strips was analyzed by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry and retrieved by the database .Results 16 bands were separated from HepG2 membrane proteins combined with preS1 by SDS-PAGE ;14 kinds of proteins were identified from 6 bands with better repeatability separated from HepG 2 membrane proteins combined with preS1 .Conclusion Protein analyzed by the mass spectrometry is mainly related with the material transport , cellular signal transduction ,antigen presentation ,immune regulation and energy metabolism .

Objective To describe the burden of caregivers of children with asthma,and to provide reference for the development of family care support program.Methods Qualitative research was used to carry out semi-structured interviews with 13 caregivers of children with asthma in the pediatric outpatient of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.The data collected were analyzed with Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results The carcgiver burden was classified into 4 themes,including time and energy exhaustion,heavy economic burden,insufficient knowledge of care and negative emotions.Conclusions The burden of caregivers of children with asthma has a relatively great impact on the daily work and life,even the physical and mental health.Care workers should be concerned about the status of caregiver burden and provide targeted interventions,which could help caregiver adapt to their roles,maintain and promote the health of children patients and their families.

Objective To analyzed distribution characteristics of gene mutation and gene carrying rate of thalassaemia in Shenzhen.Methods 2 500 cases with adult,neonatal umbilical cord blood of 2 500 cases for alpha thalassaemia,beta thalas-saemia,gene types and carry frequency were analyzed.Results 8 types of alpha thalassemia gene 128 cases,rate of detection was 5.12% (128/2 500),and the main genetic types were-SEA/αα(54 cases,42.19%),-SEA/-α3.7 (32 cases,25%)respec-tively.2 500 cases of adult samples were checked out 7 types of gene mutation 101 cases,and detection rate was 4.04%(101/2 500).Main gene mutation type were CD41-42 (39 cases,38.61%),IVS-2-654 (20,21 cases,79%),CD17 (18 cases, 17.82%)and-28 (13 cases,12.87%)respectively.Conclusion Shenzhen thalassaemia mutation type and frequency had ob-vious regional characteristics and times characteristics,health authorities should strengthen epidemiology study,formulate corresponding prevention and intervention measures.

Objective To investigate the relationship among interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells (including CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, MAC387+ and 27E10+), renal function and pathological changes in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods This study included 36 IgAN patients. PAS and immunohistochemistry method were applied to stain paraffin sections. The surface of interstitial tubules, the amount of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, MAC387+, 27E10 + cells per unit were counted(cells/mm2), together with pathological changes (including glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial sclerosis) and renal function during and after biopsy were determined by using image analysis system and SPSS software pack. Results In the renal tubulointerstitium, the number of CD4+ cells correlated with interstitial fibrosis (r=0.38 ,P