Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of voluntary smoke-free policies in Beijing.Methods With convenient sampling,91 restaurants and 85 restaurants were respectively selected before and after the initiation on voluntarily banning smoking in public eating and drinking places by the catering industry in Beijing,and including a follow-up surveillance on 23 restaurants.Field investigation on smoke-free rules and PM2.5 monitoring in and outside of these restaurants were conducted.Results There were no statistic differences among the proportion of restaurants with different smoking policies(?2=2.60,P=0.28).Univariate analysis showed that the indoor PM2.5 level was positively related with the outdoor PM2.5 level(?=0.51,t=7.01,P

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that propofol enables a reduction in the number of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells, while the cell differentiation is also significantly inhibited. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether liver X receptors (LXRs) can reverse the inhibitory effects of propofol on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Fifteen healthy C57/BL6 mice were randomized into three groups, 5 of which served as blank control group (intraperitoneally treated with normal saline), 5 as propofol treatment group (intraperitoneally treated with 60 mg/kg propofol), and 5 as propofol + LXRs agonist treatment group (intraperitoneally injected with 10 μL/g LXRs at the 1st day, and then injected with 60 mg/kg propofol at the 2nd day). The mice in the three groups were killed at 1-3 hours after treatment to isolate and culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell counting kit-8 and cloneformation assay were used to evaluate the abilities of cell proliferation and self-renewal; induced differentiation experiments in vitro were used to evaluate the differentiation ability of cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes; real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of differentiation related molecules andNotch signal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the propofol-treated mice, cell viability and clone forming ability as well as adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (P <0.05), while LXR agonists could reverse these effects significantly (P < 0.05). Notch signal expressions showed no difference among three groups prior to induced differentiation. The expression levels differentiation related molecules downregulated significantly after propofol treatment (P < 0.05), but upregulated significantly after treatment with LXR agonists (P < 0.05). Notch signaling inhibitor treatment could significantly inhibit the multi-directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the three groups. All these findings indicate that activated LXRs can reverse the inhibitory effects of propofol on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To describe the interpositional omentum and demonstrate its clinical significance.MethodsCT and clinical data of the cases whose suprahepatic gaps widen were reviewed and the contrast of CT was adjusted to observe further.ResultsIn 1 916 cases with upper abdominal CT data,suprahepatic gap was widen in all 152 cases,and 119 cases showed fat density(6.21％ ).There were 3 cases of trauma and 3 cases of acute abdomen in the 119 cases CT in the 119 cases displayed free gas under diaphragma,but displayed fat density after contrast adjusted.There were 11 cases undergoing operations,1 for sigmoid rupture 4 liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension,3 gastric cancer,and 1 acute cholecystitis,1 bile duct carcinoma and Ⅰ case congenital cystic dilatation of common bile duct.The other 108 cases did not undergo surgical operation.ConclusionsInterpositional omentum is a clinical phenomenon that the omentum was shift in suprahepatic gap covering the liver surface.It is not rarely,the incidence rate being 6.21％ ( 119/1 916) in our study.The occurrence mechanism may be similar to that of Chilaiditi syndrome.It is difficult to differentiate interpositional omentum from free gas under diaphragms on CT plain scan picture,but it is easy after contrast adjusted of CT.Free gas under diaphragma should not be identify incorrecdied and patients should not undergo unnecessary surgical procedure.

Objective To understand tobacco use rate and explore the factors associated with tobacco use in middle school students in China.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 155 117 eligible middle students selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 31 provinces of China.The questionnaire consists of the following topics:tobacco use and cessation,passive smoking,access to tobacco products,tobacco control and tobacco advertisement,and knowledge about and attitudes to tobacco.Software SAS 9.3 was used for sample weighting and data analysis.Results Current tobacco use rate was 6.9％ in middle school students in China.The rate was higher in boys (11.2％) than in girls (2.2％),and in rural area (7.8％) than in urban area (4.8％).Students in western area had the highest tobacco use rate (10.3％),followed by the students in middle area (6.4％),and the rate in students in eastern area was lowest (4.5％).Parent smoking (especially mother smoking),friend smoking,teacher smoking,pocket money for a week ＞ 20 yuan,tobacco advertisement or promotion,passive smoking,misconception of tobacco addiction,active attitude to smoking behavior were the risk factors for tobacco use.Conclusions Smoking rate in boys in China was higher than the average global level.A comprehensive intervention strategy by Framework Convention on Tobacco Control should be used to reduce tobacco use in adolescents,including health education,increasing cigarette price,banning tobacco advertisement and promotion,and smoke-free legislation.

Objective To analyze the effect and possible mechanism of propofol on proliferation and inva-sion of lung cancer cells. Methods Lung cancer cells were cultured and divided into experimental control group, groupL,group M and group H.The optical density of cancer cell was detected by CCK-8.Meanwhile,the difference of the proliferation of cancer cells in each groupwas determined after down-regulation gene.The change of inhibition rate in four groups was analyzed by Transwell test. The expression of MMP-2 and mRNA in different groups were compared by Western blot and Q-PCR. Results the results of CCK-8 test showed the cancer cell viability in H group was lowest and the inhibition ability increasedafter silencing MMP-2 gene(P<0.05); the invasion inhibition rate of the lung cancer cells treated with propofol was higher(P<0.05), and invasion inhibition rate in each group also rise after silencing MMP-2; Western blot and Q-PCR show that the MMP-2 expression level in group Mand group H were lowest(P<0.05).Conclusion Propofol may inhibit the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells and its mechanism may be associated with down-regulation MMP-2,which is expected to inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer invasion.