Objective To induce and analysis the death relative factors of peritoneal dialysis patients over the past five years in fourth ward of qiandongnan from guizhou province guiyang medical college affiliated people's hospital in endocrinology and to improve the effect of nursing intervention.Methods 492 peritoneal dialysis patients were retrospective analyzed from Mar 2009 to Mar 2014,in order to conclude the causes of the patients that ending with death (n =89) and to formulate targeted nursing measures.Results The primary disease for death of maintained peritoneal patients was cardiovascular events [41.6％(37/89)],and the second factor was infection [32.6％(29/89)].The risk factors for mortality were age (≥70 years old),diabetes,endogenous creinine clearance rate declined [＜50 L·week-1 ·m-2],change of hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis and higher peritoneal transport status.Conclusions It's important to strengthen the nursing intervention for the peritoneal dialysis patients with coronary heart disease,and to formulate targeted nursing measures for risk factors,so as to avoid the death.

Objective To study predicting results of the back propagation (BP)neural network model for hematoma enlargement (HE)in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 128 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the 309th hospital of People′s Liberation Army from January 2011 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The Matlab 7. 14 software was used to achieve BP neural network model for predicting hematoma enlargement within 24 hours in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (HE ≥6. 0 ml and HE ≥12. 5 ml). The mean square error (MSE)of the model and the accuracy of the overall prediction were calculated. The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for predicting HE. Results When the BP neural network predicted HE ≥6. 0 ml and HE ≥12. 5 ml,the mean square deviations of the training set,validation set,and test set were 0. 061, 0. 143,0. 052 and 0. 023,0. 057,and 0. 065,respectively. The best fitting performance verification of hematoma enlargement was as follows:≥ 6. 0 ml for network training 11 times and the error value 0. 224;≥12. 5 ml for network training 20 times,and the error value 0. 057. The overall accuracies of predicting HE ≥6. 0 ml and HE ≥12. 5 ml were 92. 2% (118/ 128)and 96. 9% (124/ 128)respectively. Conclusion The BP neural network model have no special limitation for data. It can accurately fit the hematoma expansion model of cerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVETo study the pathological basis of radiological reaction types of radiation-induced liver disease on multiphasic CT scans.

METHODSThree pigs (tagged with A, B, and C) were subjected to single-dose radiation of 40, 40 and 30 Gy on the right or left lobe of the liver, respectively. At 42, 56, 133, and 168 days after irradiation, all pigs were examined with non-enhanced scan and contrast-enhanced scans at different time points after contrast injection. Hounsfield units (HU) were measured in each CT study to evaluate the density of irradiated and non-irradiated liver tissue to determine the reaction type. Liver tissues in the irradiation area obtained by needle biopsy with CT guidance were examined with electron microscopy, and specimens of the tissue corresponding to the region of interest on CT were obtained from necropsies for pathological examination.

RESULTSRadiologically, the 3 pig models presented with 3 reaction types on the multiphasic CT scans on days 133, 56, and 168 after radiation, respectively. Type 1 presented constant low-density change in all phases, the pathological basis of which was radiation hepatitis; type 2 showed pre-contrast phase isodense, arterial phase hyperdense, portal phase isodense and later phase hyperdense changes; type 3 was characterized by pre-contrast phase isodense, arterial phase hyperdense, portal phase hypodense and later phase hyperdense changes. The pathological basis of the last two radiological reaction types was radiation cirrhosis (postnecrotic cirrhosis).

CONCLUSIONSDifferent radiological reaction types of radiation liver injury on multiphase CT have different pathological basis, and multiphase contrast-enhanced CT may help distinguish the radiation reactions from tumor recurrence.

Animals ; Female ; Liver Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; Swine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.

Objective To study the expressions of snail mRNA and protein in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlations to patient clinical features.Methods Real-time fluores-cence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical were used to analyze the expressions of snail in a total of 41 pairs of NSCLC tissues,12 specimens of normal lung tissues.Results The expressions of snail mRNA in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than the corresponding adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.01).The expression rate of snail protein of NSCLC tissues (25/41) were significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (2/41,P ＜ 0.01).There was no snail expression in non-cancerous lung tissues.The level of mRNA and protein in snail was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage of non-small cell lung cancer (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The higher expression of snail may promote the metastasis of lung cancer.The expressions of snail are related to the development of human non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective The method for the analysis of Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in urine by liquid-phase small-extraction- GC/MS have been developed and studied . Methods A 1-mL of urine sample was adjusted to pH9 with sodium bicarbonate, and was extracted with 50μL dichloromethane. The mixture centrifuged at 14000g for 2 min . A 1-μL organic phase was injected into the GC/MS system. Results The calibration curves showed good linearity in range of 0.05μg/mL~0.20μg/mL , and the limit of detection was 0.02μg/mL, and the RSD was 3.86~5.69%, and the recovery rate was 86.5~92.8 %. Conclusion The method is sensitive, accurate and was easy to operate for fast detection of MDPV in human urine.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), is an acute and fatal contagious disease that mainly infects goats, sheep, and other artiodactyls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are considered the primary innate immune cells. Objectives: PBMCs derived from goats were infected with PPRV and analyzed to detect the relationship between PPRV replication and apoptosis or the inflammatory response. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify PPRV replication and cytokines expression. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis and the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells after PPRV infection. Results: PPRV stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PPRV induced apoptosis in goat PBMCs. Furthermore, apoptosis and the inflammatory response induced by PPRV could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK and Z-YVAD-FMK, respectively.Moreover, the virus titer of PPRV was attenuated by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions This study showed that apoptosis and the inflammatory response play an essential role in PPR viral replication in vitro, providing a new mechanism related to the cell host response.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of drug failure in clinical trial and market withdrawal. Animal models are utilized to predict the risk of drug-induced liver injury. However, due to species differences, the accuracy of animal models is poor. Multiple human-derived hepatotoxic prediction models have been developed to assess this potential risk. This article reviews commonly used in vitro hepatotoxic models, as well as the latest improvement of hepatocyte culture protocols, especially hepatic co-culture system and 3D culture system in order to improve the accuracy of hepatotoxic risk prediction, which may also guide the liver toxicity mechanistic investigation in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of CD133 and CD44 in the primary gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and their relationship with the expression of E-cadherin.

METHODSThe expressions of CD133, CD44, and E-cadherin was examined by immunohistochemistry in 145 specimens of GAC tissues and 30 specimens of normal gastric tissues.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of CD133, CD44, and E-cadherin in normal gastric tissues were 10.0%, 0%, and 100%, respectively, showing significant differences from the rates in GAC tissues (46.9%, 47.6%, and 42.8%, respectively) (P<0.05). The expressions of CD133, CD44, and E-cadherin were significantly related with the tumor volume, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, invasive depth, pathologic-tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stages, and postoperative-survival time (all P<0.05); a positive correlation was found between the expression of CD133 and CD44, and they were both negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression (P<0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in the survival rate between CD133-positive and CD133-negative patients (P<0.001) and between CD44-positive and CD44-negative patients; the patients with positive expression of E-cadherin had a significantly longer survival than those negative for E-cadherin. Cox regression analysis indicated that CD133, CD44, and E-cadherin expressions were all independent prognostic factors of GAC (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of CD133, CD44, and E-cadherin are related to the tumor volume, differentiation, pTNM stages, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis of GAC, and their combined detection can be of important value in predicting the prognosis of GAC.

AC133 Antigen ; Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden