Objective To study common Gram negative bacterial pathogens and their drug resistant pattern in sputum isolates from patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Chengdu children' s hospital. Methods Comparing to the period of 2004-2006 with 2007-2009, we retrospectively reviewed eligible sputum isolates of common Gram negative bacilli and their drug resistance pattern. All specimens were processed according to standard microbiological methods for both quantitative and qualitative cultures. Pathogen was the single predominant growth after two consecutive cultures. Strict quality control was used in all test agents and paper disk for drug resistance analysis. Results Total of 598 Gram negative bacterial isolates were identified in patients over 6 years. The first 5 bacteria respectively were Escherichia coli 167 samples(27.93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 109 samples ( 18.23% ), Enterobacter cloacae 93 samples ( 15.55% ),Acinetobacter baumannii 64 samples ( 10. 7% ), Pseudomonas aeroginosa 43 samples (7. 19% ). They were mostly sensitive to Imipenam, Amikacin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Most drug resistance rate was found in Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin. Apart from Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Acinetobacter Baumannii,no Gram negative bacteria was found to be resistant to Imipenam. Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL secreting Escherichia coli isolates were obviously increasing when compared to 3 years ago. Conclusion Comparing the period of 2004-2006, the Gram negative bacterial isolates were increasing in our PICU patients during 2007 to 2009. Close monitoring of drug resistance pattern changes in PICU would guide rational use of antibiotics in these critically ill children.

Objective To investigate the application value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography(TCD) in critically ill children with cerebral dysfunction.Methods We detected the cerebral blood flow parameters[systolic velocity(Vs),mean velocity(Vm),end of diastolic velocity(Vd),pulsatility index(PI),resistance index(RI)] of middle cerebral artery in cerebral dysfunction group(n=20) and control group(no cerebral dysfunction,n=20),and observed the differences of those parameters between two groups.Children in cerebral dysfunction group were also divided into groups according to Glasgow Coma Score(GCS) and prognosis.The differences of each TCD parameter in diverse groups divided by GCS and by prognosis were analysed.Children in cerebral dysfunction group were checked TCD everyday until TCD parameters were normal.The relation between the days of TCD parameters′ reaching normal and GCS,duration of disorder of consciousness with correlation analysis were analysed.Results Vs,PI,RI in cerebral dysfunction group were higher than those in control group,while Vd was lower (P<0.05).(2)PI in the group of GCS less than 6 points(0.91±0.21) was higher than that in group of GCS 7-13 points(0.83±0.14)(P<0.05).The other parameters between two groups of GCS less than 6 points and GCS 7-13 points were not significantly indistinctive.Between the good prognosis group and the bad prognosis group,there were no significant differences in all parameters.(3) The days of TCD parameters′ reaching normal were negatively correlated with GCS(r=-0.653,P<0.01),but positively correlated with the duration of disorder of consciousness(r=0.923,P<0.01).Conclusion The cerebral hemodynamics of children with cerebral dysfunction is abnormal,the more serious cerebral dysfunction,the higher PI and the longer time for regaining normal TCD parameters.Constantly monitoring TCD could reflect the changes of cerebral hemodynamics and is valuable to assess the state of illness and prognosis.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of gray-scale ultrasound on ovarian cystic teratoma.Materials and Methods 83 patients with primary diagnosis of ovarian cystic teratoma underwent gray-scale ultrasonography. The ultrasonic images were compared with postoperative pathologic results. Results 91 cases of 83 lesions were detected. The ultrasonic features were categorized into 6 types: cystoid, solid-like, intracystic dough sign, intracystic hair-ball, intracytic fat-fluid level, and intracytic cluttering sign. The diagnose accordance rate for each sign was 81.0%, 77.8%, 96.2%, 100% and 70.0% respectively. The diagnose accordance rate of ultrasonic diagnosis compared with pathologic results was 89.0% (81/91), and misdiagnosed rate and rate of missing diagnosis was 11.0% (10/91). Conclusion The ultrasonic features of ovarian cystic mature terotoma were of importance diagnostic value, whereas differentiation with ovarian chocolate cysts and ovarian mucus-cystic adenoma should be made cautiously.

South Africa is an ethnically and culturally diverse presidential republic country. The medical and health system consists of public and private medical care. AIDS, lower respiratory infections, neonatal diseases, and interpersonal violence and road injuries are the leading causes of adult death. South Africa has rich herbal resources, and a long history of traditional medicine, which is mainly black African traditional medicine. Until the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Africa in 1998, the development of TCM was significantly improved, and legislation of TCM was adopted by the government in 2000. Chinese herbal medicine has not yet formed industrial standardization, the TCM application and TCM education are insufficient. Therefore, it is suggested to accelerate the standardization of TCM, to strengthen the TCM education for professional TCM practitioners, and to form a large-scale, industrial and standardized development model. Only in these ways can TCM provide good medical services for residents in South African.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological trend and characteristics of human brucellosis in Laiwu City of Shandong Province, and to provide a scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: The information on the outbreaks of brucellsis in Laiwu City from 2011 to 2017 collected from the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" in the "China Information System of Disease Prevention and Control", and a retrospective analysis method was used to descriptive statistical analysis of the three distributions (time distribution, regional distribution, population distribution) and transmission route of brucellosis cases. Results: A total of 146 cases of brucellosis were reported from 2011 to 2017. The incidence of brucellosis increased from 0.23/100 000 in 2011 to 2.98/100 000 in 2017, showing an increasing trend year by year (χ²_trend=55.56, P < 0.05); the scope of outbreak was expanding, and the epidemic area was spread from 2 towns (streets) in 2011 to 17 towns (streets) in 2017. There were cases of brucellosis in the whole year, the onset time was mainly concentrated in April and May; the gender of the patients was mainly male, and the male-female ratio was 2.84: 1.00 (108:38); the onset age was mainly concentrated in 30-70 years old; the occupational distribution was dominated by farmers. The transmission route was mainly direct contact infection of occupational population, accounting for 78.77% (115/146); followed by food-borne infection, accounting for 13.70% (20/146). Conclusions The outbreak of brucellosis in Laiwu City is on the rise and the scope of the epidemic area is expanding, occupation is dominated by farmers, the transmission route is mainly direct contact. The health education and awareness of self-protection for related occupational population should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the correlation between myeloperoxidase(MPO)levels and adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.Methods A total of 76 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation from January 2015 to June 2016 in the cardiac surgery department of our hospital were enrolled in this study.Serum levels of MPO,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and interleukin 6 (IL-6)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).After a one-year follow-up,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to determine the predictive value of the difference in MPO before and after the operation(△MPO)on the long-term prognosis of patients after coronary stent implantation.The correlations of △MPO with the traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease and adverse cardiac events were analyzed using multi factor Logistic regression analysis.Results Serum levels of MPO,hs-CRP and IL 6 increased in patients after coronary stent implantation,compared with those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)value of serum △MPO was 0.786,the 95 ％ confidence interval was 0.471～ 1.000 and the predictive value of serum △MPO for adverse cardiac events was significant(P ＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between △MPO and age,and the incidence of adverse cardiac events increased with increased △MPO levels.Logistic regression analysis showed that serum △MPO levels could preliminarily diagnose the cardiovascular risk after coronary stent implantation and independently predict the occurrence of adverse cardiac events.Conclusions MPO levels in peripheral blood are notably elevated in patients after coronary stent implantation when compared with pre-treatment levels.Serum △MPO levels can preliminarily diagnose adverse cardiac events after coronary stent implantation and can be used as a marker to predict adverse cardiac events.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of serum miR-208a in early differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:One hundred ACS patients admitted to our department from January 2016 to January 2018 were randomly divided into the non-ST elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)group(n=50)and the unstable angina(UA)group(n=50). Fifty healthy people during the same period were included as the control group(control). Serum levels of miR-208a, cardiac troponin-T(cTnT)and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB)were detected immediately, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after admission and compared among the three groups of NSTEMI, UA and control.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the early diagnostic value of above serum indexes in NSTEMI and UA group, and the correlations of miR-208a level with cTnT and CK-MB were analyzed.Results:Serum miR-208a and cTnT levels had significant differences( P<0.05), while serum CK-MB level had no significant difference( P>0.05)among the NSTEMI and UA groups immediately after admission and the control group in the fasting state.There were significant differences in serum miR-208a, cTnT and CK-MB levels between NSTEMI group and UA group at different time points( P<0.05). After further multiple comparisons, the results showed that serum miR-208a and cTnT levels had statistical differences( P<0.05)and serum CK-MB level had no difference( P>0.05)between the NSTEMI group and the UA group immediately after admission.The above three biochemical indexes showed statistically significant differences between the NSTEMI group and the UA group at 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after admission( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that miR-208a had a high diagnostic value in ACS(AUC>0.9, P=0.004), and the best diagnostic cut-off point was 9.278.The cTnT had a medium diagnostic value in ACS(0.70.05). Conclusions:Serum miR-208a has a higher value in early diagnosis of ACS than cTnT and CK-MB, and it has a better differentiation ability of NSTEMI than UA.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of human brucellosis in Jinan City of Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods:The brucellosis surveillance data of Jinan City from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the "Infectious Disease Surveillance System" in "China Information System of Disease Prevention and Control". Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological situation and the three distributions (regional distribution, time distribution, population distribution) of cases.Results:A total of 1 882 cases of brucellosis were reported from 2010 to 2019, with an average incidence rate of 2.64/100 000. The incidence of brucellosis increased from 0.13/100 000 to 5.37/100 000, and reported incidence of brucellosis showed a increasing trend (χ 2trend=307.50, P<0.05). The epidemic areas were spread from 7 towns (streets) of 3 counties (districts) to 76 towns (streets) of 12 counties (districts). The cases were reported each month throughout the year with incidence peak period form April to July. The gender of the patients was mainly male, and the sex ratio of male to female was 2.66: 1.00 (1 368 ∶ 514). In terms of age distribution, 30-69 years old was peak age. Farmer was the predominant occupational group. Conclusions:In 2010 to 2019, the incidence of brucellosis in Jinan City has increased and the epidemic areas have expanded year by year. Corresponding measures for brucellosis prevention and control should be developed according to epidemiological characteristics in order to strengthen the capacity of epidemic prevention and control measures.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different kind of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in treating Kawasaki disease (KD) and preventing cardiac consequences (coronary artery lesion, CAL). Methods A questionnaire form and guideline for KD diagnosis were sent to 50 hospitals providing pediatric medical care in Shanghai. The data from a total of 1 682 KD patients were collected. It included 1 064 males and 618 females from 1998 through 2008 in Shanghai. The average age of the KD patients was (2.57±2.33) years old (0.1-18.8 years).The patients had been divided into 6 groups for different IVIG therapy, which included 1 g/kg once, 2 g/kg once, 0.4-0.5 g/kg five times, 1 g/kg twice, 2 g/kg twice and others. SAS 6.12 software was used for statistical analysis. Results In all KD patients, the patients treated with IV1G in 5th-10th day of illness has the least cardiac complication and CAL incidence and the group with IVIG therapy of 1 g/kg twice also has the least cardiac complication and CAL incidence. Conclusions The best doses of IVIG in treating KD is 1 g/kg twice and the IVIG therapy should be used in 5th-10th day of KD illness.

Objective To investigate the exposure level of radioactive hazard factors and the health management of radiation workers in non-medical radiation institutions (excluding military institutions) in Jinan, China through radioactive hazard factor monitoring, to identify the weak links, and to provide a scientific basis for future work priorities. Methods According to the monitoring plan formulated by Jinan Municipal Health Commission, the task undertaking institutions at all levels in Jinan investigated the types of radioactive hazard factors, detection, training, and health monitoring of 101 non-medical radiation institutions in Jinan. In addition, the workplace radiation levels were detected in 25 institutions of 6 types of monitoring objects, including industrial flaw detection, non-medical accelerator, non-sealed radioactive material workplace, nuclear instrument, baggage detector, and others. Results The investigation objects included institutions engaged in industrial flaw detection, nuclear instrument, luggage detector, non-medical accelerator, non-sealed source workplace, and others. Of these institutions, 91.84% were equipped with radiation protection detectors, 92.86% were equipped with personal dose alarm, 97.73% were equipped with personal protective equipment, 94.36% performed radiation protection training, 92.69% employed radiation workers with certificates, 95.77% performed personal dose detection, 94.83% performed occupational health examination, and 100.00% were qualified for radiation protection detection in workplace. Conclusion There is still a gap between the radiation protection status of non-medical institutions in Jinan and the national regulations and standards, so it is necessary to further strengthen supervision and law enforcement and make greater efforts in training and publicity.