BACKGROUND:Wear particles-induced osteoblasts apoptosis in vitro has been documented in many studies. However, the apoptosis of osteoblasts in osteolytic bone tissue and the selective mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of osteolysis have been studied rarely.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on the apoptosis of osteoblasts in osteolytic bone tissue and osteolysis progression.
METHODS:The mouse model of osteolysis was induced with wear particles placed onto the calvaria. The experiment was divided into four groups:blank control group (PBS stimulation);wear particle group (nano-al oy powder suspension stimulation);ER stress positive control group (nano-al oy powder+thapsin stimulation);and ER stress inhibitor group (nano-al oy powder+sodium 4-phenylbutyrate stimulation). The histopathologic change of osteolysis was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue and alkaline phosphatase staining. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in osteolytic craniums were measured. The expression of ER stress markers in osteolytic craniums was examined by western blot analysis. Osteoblast apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry of Caspase-3 in osteolytic craniums.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wear particles were capable of inducing osteolysis, aggravating the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and inhibiting the differentiation of osteoblasts in osteolytic craniums. Meanwhile wear particles upregulated the ER stress markers and promote the apoptosis in osteolytic craniums. Blocking ER stress with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate dramatical y reduced the severity of osteolysis, significantly reduced bone invasion and inflammatory infiltration, promoted the differentiation of osteoblasts, and dramatical y reduced the apoptosis. Along with apoptosis, the expression of ER stress marker was decreased. The present study suggests that the ER stress may be crucial for osteolysis and represent a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of patients with total joint replacement who are at high risk of early aseptic loosening development.

BACKGROUND:The emergence of a large number of hidden blood loss during perioperative period of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly not only increases the risk of perioperative period and complications, but also affects the postoperative recovery of joint function. At present, there is no relevant report about nutritional status and the hidden blood loss before surgery in and outside China.
OBJECTIVE:To identify the effect of nutritional status on preoperative hidden blood loss in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture.
METHODS:183 elderly patients with fresh and initial femoral intertrochanteric fracture were included. Laboratory serological examinations on admission and preoperation were completed. By mini nutritional assessment, patients were randomly divided into normal-nourishment group, malnourishment at risk group, and malnourishment group. The original blood volume and preoperative hidden blood loss were calculated depending on height, weight, hematocrit on admission and preoperation. According to the proportion of mean preoperative hidden blood loss on the original blood volume, patients were divided into low and high hidden blood loss groups. We compared preoperative hidden blood loss, and their proportion on the original blood volume and the preoperative incidence of high hidden blood loss, and analyzed the correlations between preoperative high hidden blood loss and preoperative nutritional status.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The nutritional status of elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients measured by mini nutritional assessment score was that the number of patients was 48 cases (26%) in normal-nourishment group, 64 cases (35%) in the malnourishment at risk group, and 71 cases (39%) in the malnourishment group. There were no obvious differences in the preoperative complications between any two groups (P>0.05). (2) Thirty-eight cases affected high hidden blood loss. The mean preoperative hidden blood loss was 260.43 mL. The proportion of preoperative hidden blood loss to the original blood volume was 6%. (3) The preoperative hidden blood loss, their proportion on the original blood volume and the incidence of high hidden blood loss were significantly higher in the malnourishment at risk group and malnourishment group than in the normal-nourishment group. Paired comparison showed significant differences (P<0.05). (4) Results confirmed that preoperative hidden blood loss, their proportion on the original blood volume and the incidence of high hidden blood loss gradual y increased with deterioration of nutritional status. The nutritional status is an important factor influencing the occurrence of preoperative hidden blood loss, and can be used as an important index for judging the high hidden blood loss and prognosis in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture.

Objective To initially map the gene responsible for autosomal dominant familial IgA nephropathy of a Chinese family by exclusive the five loci that had been reported with linkage analysis.Methods The genetic pattern of the familial IgA nephropathy was identified and the genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected from the family members.Short tandem repeat (STR) inside the loci that had been reported was selected,such as 2q36,3p23-24,4q26-31,6q22-23,17q12-22,and the data with two-point linkage analysis were performed.Results Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was demonstrated in phenotypes of the family and there was no linkage relationship in the above five loci of chromosomes because the maximum two-point LOD score was 0.39 at D17S1868.Conclusion Following exclusion of the loci which had been reported,there are other new pathopoiesis loci of FIgAN and it reveals that FIgAN has the genetic heterogeneity according to initial result at the same time.

Abstract: Objective　To understand the contamination status, drug resistance, virulence gene carrying status, and molecular typing characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) in aquatic products sold in Nanchang City. Methods　A total of 170 commercial crayfishes, freshwater fish frogs and related smears samples were collected from various farmers' markets in Nanchang from March to September 2021. The strains of V. parahaemolyticus were detected and isolated from the samples. Antibiotic resistance test, virulence gene test, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing analysis were carried out. Results　Among the collected samples, V.parahaemolyticus was only isolated from crayfish and crayfish smear samples, with a total of 35 strains of VP isolated. No V.parahaemolyticus strain was isolated from other freshwater fish, frogs, and their smear samples. Among the 17 common antibiotics tested, only two trains showed resistance to ampicillin, and one strain to streptomycin, , and all were sensitive to other antibiotics; all 35 strains of V. parahaemolyticus carried the gene, but only one strain carried the heat-resistant related hemolysin gene trh, and no direct heat-resistant hemolysin gene tdh positive strain was found; PFGE pattern clustering showed that there was no strain with the same PFGE pattern, and there was no obvious dominant cluster among these strains, and their genetic relationship was relatively distant. Conclusions　The contamination of V. parahaemolyticus in small and medium-sized crayfish sold in the market in Nanchang City is relatively serious. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates in these polluted crayfish generally do not carry key virulence genes such as tdh, are sensitive to common antibiotics, and only have low-level resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. PFGE pattern clustering showed that V. parahaemolyticus does not have no obvious dominant cluster, and these strains have rich genetic diversity, indicating that they may have different sources.

Objective To explore a new scanning technique to reduce and avoid image artifacts of thoracoabdominal CT and improve image quality for patients who cannot raise their arms. Methods Sixty-one patients with arm-raising disability between March 2004 and May 2009 were enrolled in the study. Thirty-one cases before June 2007 were scanned with their arms beside their body (control group), 30 cases after June 2007 were scanned with their arms shifting to different imaging planes of the spine(study group), and another 30 patients who can raising their arms were taken as routine group. The images artifacts were blindly evaluated by 5-points scale (severe, less severe, moderate, minimum and no artifact) by 2 experienced CT technologists and one radiologist and compared between the three groups (χ~2 test). CT values and its noise of the liver with or without artifact of the three groups were measured and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results In the control group, 11 cases had severe, 15 cases had less severe, 5 cases had moderate. In the study group, 6 cases had moderate, 15 cases had minimum, 9 cases had no artifact. In the routine group, 8 cases minimum and 22 cases had no artifact. Image quality was significantly improved in the study group compared to the conventional group where χ~2 = 95.32 and P <0.01. CT value and the noise of the liver without artifact were (54.5±3.0) HU and 10. 7±2.4 in the control group, (52.0±3.5) HU and 10.7±0.5 in the study group, (53.7±3.1) HU and 9.9±0.5 in the routine group, respectively. CT value and noise of the liver with artifact were (41.7±8.4) HU and 17.9±2.6 in control group, (53.1±6.9) HU and 11.0±0.7 in the study group, (54.1±2.4) HU and 9.9±0.5 in the routine group, respectively. The CT value and its noise variation with artifact were significantly higher in the control group than the study group and the control group, where F = 36.352,235. 848, respectively and P <0.01. Conclusion The image quality can be improved and the artifact can be minimized for the patients with arm-raising disability by shifting their arm position to the different imaging planes of the spine.

To study the clinical efficacy of Pihui Fanggan Sachet (PHFGS), a sachet of traditional Chinese herbs, in preventing influenza and its immune regulation on mice.

Objective:To analyze the EGFR gene polymorphism in the non-small cell lung (NSCLCs) cancer in southern of Shaanxi Province.Methods:The next generation sequencing technology was used to detect the mutation of exon 18,19,20 and 21 of EGFR gene.We analyzed EGFR gene mutation rate in NSCLCs patients.233 patients was involved in our study.Results:82 cases with EGFR gene mutations was found,the mutation rate of exon18,19,20 and 21 was 1.3％,16.3％,0％ and 18％ respectively.The mutation rate of EGFR in male patients was lower (31.2％,39/125) than that of female cases (39.8％,43/108),the mutation rate of squamous cell carcinoma (22％,9/41) was lower than that of adenocarcinoma (39.1％,75/192).Conclusions:NSCLCs patients from southern Shaanxi Province had high mutation rate ofEGFR gene,and exon 19 and exon 21 mutations were in the majority.EGFR gene mutation rate was not related to gender and pathological types.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Naoxinduotai capsule on the markers of prothrombotic state as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and alpha-granular membrane protein (CD62p) in essential hypertension patients of yang hyperactivity and blood stagnation.

METHODThe 62 essential hypertension patients of yang hyperactivity and blood stagnation were divided into Naoxinduotai capsule + perindopril group (treatment group, 30 subjects) and Perindopril group (control group, 32 subjects). Clinical symptoms, blood pressure and the blood plasma PAI-1, vWF, CD62p of the patients were observed. The blood plasma PAI-1, vWF and CD62p were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).

RESULTAfter 8 weeks treatment, in treatment group the clinical symptoms became better, and there was a significant difference with control group (P < 0.05). Blood pressure was significantly degraded, but there was not a significant difference with control group. The blood plasma PAI-1, vWF, CD62p level was degraded ,and there were significant differences with control group in all the three makers (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNaoxinduotai capsule can treat the essential hypertension patients of Yang hyperactivity and blood stagnation, and it has conspicuous advantages in improving the clinical symptoms and the makers of prothrombotic state.

Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; blood ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Thrombosis ; blood ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:Perioperative high hidden blood loss affects the recovery of joint function after total hip replacement. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the reliability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment on evaluating the nutritional status in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture on admission, and to investigate the effect of nutritional status variation on hidden blood loss after total hip replacement. METHODS:234 elderly patients with femoral neck fracture underwent total hip replacement. By using Mini Nutritional Assessment, patients were randomly divided into three groups:wel-nourishment group (n=52), malnourishment at risk group (n=92), and malnourishment group (n=90). The results were used to analyze the correlation of Mini Nutritional Assessment and serological nutrition indicators, and to hidden blood loss. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hidden blood loss:101 patients suffered from high hidden blood loss. Hidden blood loss, its proportion to total blood loss and incidence of high hidden blood loss gradual y increased with the deterioration of the nutritional status (P<0.05). (2) Mini Nutritional Assessment:Pre-operative Mini Nutritional Assessment score, and the incidence of hidden blood loss evaluated by albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, lymphocyte count, the percentage of lymphocytes and hemoglobin was significantly higher in patients with high hidden blood loss than those with low hidden blood loss (P<0.01). (3) Results of correlation analysis:High hidden blood loss was positively correlated with pre-operative Mini Nutritional Assessment, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, the percentage of lymphocytes and hemoglobin (P<0.05). (4) These findings confirm that risk evaluation with Mini Nutritional Assessment is a reliable method to assess the nutritional status in elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement. Its combination with various serum nutrition indicators can determine high hidden blood loss and the prognosis.

Objective To observe the impact of mild hypothermia (MH)on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)and expression of cacpase-3mRNA and light chain 3 (LC3,a subunit of immunoglobulin)in hippocampus nerve cells of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods A total of 65 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD)adult rats were randomly (random number)divided into 2 groups:blank control group (n =5)and CPR group (n =60).Cardiac arrest (CA)was induced in rats of CPR group by asphyxia.The survival rats after CPR were randomly (random number)divided into 2 groups:normothermia CPR group (NT)and hypothermia CPR group (HT).Homeothermia of 37 ℃ was maintained in NT group after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),and hypothermal intervention to 32 ℃ was carried out in HT group for 4 hours immediately after ROSC.Both NT group and HT group were then randomly divided to 2 subgroups 12 hours and 24 hours after ROSC (NT-12,NT-24,HT-12,HT-24 subgroups).During observation,the neurological deficit (NDS)of rats was scored,then the bilateral hippocampi were obtained from rats'head,and monoplast suspension of fresh hippocampus tissue was made immediately to determine the level of intracellular ROS by flow cytometry.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure changes of cellular nucleus and mitochondria.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was used to determine the expression of caspase-3mRNA and Western-blotting (WB)was used to determine the level of LC3 in frozen hippocampus tissue.Measured data were analyzed with paired sample T test and One-Way ANOVA.Results Of 60 rats with CA,44 were successfully resuscitated (73%)and 33 survived until the end of the experiment (55%).The NDSs of rats in NT and HT groups were significantly reduced in comparison with BC group (F=8.107,P<0.05),while the NDSs of rats in HT-12 subgroup and HT-24 subgroup were significantly increased in comparison with NDSs of rats in NT-12 subgroup and NT-24 subgroup,respectively (t=9.692,P<0.01;t=14.374,P<0.01 ).The ROS in hippocampus nerve cells of rats in NT group and HT group were significantly increased compared to BC group (F=16.824,P<0.05 ),whereas the ROS in HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups were significantly reduced compared to ROS in NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups,respectively (t =9.836,P<0.01;t =7.499,P<0.01).The expressions of caspase-3 mRNA in hippocampus nerve cells of rats in NT and HT groups were significantly increased compared to BC group (F=24.527,P<0.05),while the expressions of caspase-3 mRNA in rats of HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups were significantly reduced compared to NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups,respectively (t =6.935,P <0.01;t =4.317,P <0.01 ).The level of LC3B-II/I in hippocampus nerve cells of rats in NT and HT groups were significantly increased compared to BC group (F=6.584,P<0.05),while the levels of LC3B-II/I in rats of HT-12 and HT-24 subgroups were significantly reduced compared to NT-12 and NT-24 subgroups,respectively (t=10.836,P<0.001;t=2.653,P=0.02).Ultrastructure damage of nucleus and mitochondria in NT group was more evident compared to BC group,and eumorphism of nucleus and mitochondria were maintained in rats of HT group compared to NT group.Conclusions The mild hypothermia reduced the injury of nerve cells and improved the neurological function of rats survived from cardiac arrest likely by reducing ROS production of nerve cells and inhibition the expression of caspase-3mRNA and lowering the level of LC3 leading to reducing cellular apoptosis and massive autophagy in rats survived from cardiac arrest after CPR.