Objective To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection combined with conventional western therapy as treatments for the sudden deafness.Methods A total of 186 patients with sudden deafness were randomly divided into two groups. Each group included 93 patients. The control group was treated with the pipe-expanding and anti-inflammatory, but the treatment group was treated with electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection based on the control group. Both groups were treated for 11 days.Before and after treatments, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was detected. The MADSEN was used to detect ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), including N1-Pl amplitude, N 1-Pl incubation period, N1-Pl wave duration and extraction rate of oVEMP.Results The recovery rate of control group was 63.4% (59/93) and total effective rate was 90.3% (84/93), which was 88.6% (75/93) and 97.8% (91/93) in combined treatment group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=5.923,P<0.05). After 11 days of treatment, the Tinnitus (17.2%vs. 30.1%,χ2=7.152), vertigo and survival rate (15.1%vs. 21.5%, χ2=6.023) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The threshold (39.59 ± 5.36 dBHLvs. 45.85 ± 5.08 dBHL,t=2.903) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.034). The N1 amplitude (10.62 ± 0.84μVvs. 7.14 ± 0.59μV;t=3.259,P=0.017), P1 amplitude (11.79 ± 0.91μVvs. 9.90 ± 0.82μV;t=2.871,P=0.037), extraction rate of oVEMP (95.7%vs. 81.7%;χ2=7.963,P=0.012) in combined treatment group showed significantly higher than those in the control group. The N1 incubation period (7.86 ± 0.82 msvs. 9.78 ± 1.24 ms;t=3.729,P=0.009) and Pl incubation period (6.57 ± 0.77 msvs. 9.39 ± 1.15 ms;t=3.064,P=0.025) in combined treatment group showed significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusions The Electroacupuncture and Shenmai injection combined with conventional western therapy could improve blood circulation produce a synergistic therapeutic effect on damaged tissue, improve cochlear hair cells and vestibular nerve regeneration, and repaire the functions.

Mammography imaging is one of the most demanding imaging modalities from the point of view of the bal- ance between image quality (the visibility of small size and/or low contrast structures) and dose (screening of many asymptomatic people). Therefore, since the introduction of the first dedicated mammographic units, many efforts have been directed to seek the best possible image quality while minimizing patient dose. The performance of auto- matic exposure control (AEC) is the manifestation of this demand. The theory of AEC includes exposure detection and optimization and also involves some accomplished methodology. This review presents the development and present situa- tion of spectrum optimization, detector evolution, and the way how to accomplish and evaluate AEC methods.
Humans ; Mammography ; methods ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted

Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of lidocaine for obturator nerve block (ONB) guided by a nerve stimulator in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Methods American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients with bladder tumor,scheduled for elective TURBT,required ONB according to the results of cystoscopy or CT examination performed before operation,with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m2,aged 18-64 yr,were enrolled in the study.ONB was performed with lidocaine using the suprainguinal approach under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.The concentration of lidocaine was determined by up-and-down sequential trial.The initial concentration of lidocaine was 1.5％,and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.2.Successful ONB was considered to be positive response.The EC50 and 95％ confidence interval of lidocaine for ONB guided by a nerve stimulator was calculated.Results The EC50 of lidocaine was 0.57％,and the 95％ confidence interval was 0.55％-0.59％ when used for ONB guided by a nerve stimulator.Conclusion The EC50 of lidocaine is 0.57％ when used for ONB guided by a nerve stimulator in the patients undergoing TURBT.

Objective Comparing the effects of ultrasound with nerve stimulation guided obtu-rator nerve block(ONB)with simple nerve stimulation guided ONB for transurethral resection of blad-der tumor(TURBT),so as to realize the validity and advantages of ultrasound with nerve stimulation guided ONB.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,male or female,age 39-77 years old,BMI 1 9-30 kg/m2 patients undergoing elective TURBT were randomly divided into two groups,nerve stimulation group (group S)and ultrasound and nerve stimulation group (group US).Success rate of the first puncture, visual analog scale (VAS)pain score,insertion-adductor contraction interval (ICI),puncture times corresponding to ICI,adductor strength,incidence of complications and validity were observed during and after ONB.Results There was no significant difference of the general validity,adductor strength and complication incidence between the two groups.The success rate of the first puncture was signifi-cantly higher in group US than that in group S (P < 0.01).VAS pain score,ICI and puncture times were significantly lower in group US than those in group S (P < 0.05).Conclusion Compared with simple nerve stimulation guided ONB,ultrasound with nerve stimulation guidance showed less punc-ture time,more accurate positioning and more comfort.

The oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Recently, more and more research findings have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in vivo and in vitro, and can be used to treat multiple diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, stroke, neurodegeneration, sepsis, neuropathic pain and multiple organ dysfunction syn-drome diseases. This article reviews the possible mechanism of HRS for the treatment of diseases.

Objective To observe the effect of Midazolam on caspase-3 activation of cortical neurons in rat brain Methods The experiment consisted of part A and part B,including 64 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats of either sex In part A 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the time point when the arterial blood was collected after intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg Midazolam(n=6 in each group),group A1 without Midazolam treatment as control,group A2 (15 min),group A3 (30 min),group A4 (60 min) In part B,40 rats were randomly divided into groups B2-B5 (n=8 in each group) according to the dose of Midazolam (45,90,145,180 mg/kg) and group B1 as control receiving 180 mg/kg normal saline Both control and experimental rats were perfused transcardially with paraformaldehyde 6 h after Midazolam treatment,then their brains takenout were used for caspase-3 examination by immunohistochemistry Results Single injection of Midazolam did not induce hypoxia/ischemia in 7-day-old SD rats,but led to the activation of caspase-3 in cerebral neurons Furthermore,higher single dose of Midazolam enhanced the activation of caspase-3 more Conclusion Midazolam triggers the activation of caspase-3 in cortical neurons and may lead to neuronal apoptosis

Objective To compare the efficacy of suprainguinal approach and pubic tubercle approach to obturator nerve block (ONB) in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 41-80 yr,with body mass index of 17.5-31.0 kg/m2,scheduled for elective transurethral resection of bladder tumor,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:pubic tubercle approach group (group P) and suprainguinal approach group (group S).Nerve blocks were performed using a 100-mm insulated needle for ONB (21-gauge) under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.In group P,the insertion point of the needle was 1.5 cm lateral and 1.5 cm inferior to the pubic tubercle.In S group,the insertion point of the needle was at the midpoint of the line drawn in the inguinal crease between the femoral artery and the inner border of the adductor longus tendon and the needle was advanced 3 cm cephalad in the major axis of thigh.The number of puncture eliciting contraction of adductor muscle,time taken to elicit contraction of adductor muscle starting from onset of puncture,depth of puncture,and highest visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores during application of the block were recorded.The myodynamia of adductor muscle was evaluated.The development of complications was also recorded.Results Compared with group P,the number of puncture,highest VAS scores,and myodynamia of adductor muscle at 4 and 6 min of blockade were significantly decreased,the time taken to elicit contraction of adductor muscle was shortened,and the success rate of puncture at first attempt was increased in group S (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of puncture point bleedings between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The suprainguinal approach for ONB offers more accurate location,faster onset,lighter degree of noxious stimulation and better safety than the pubic tubercle approach in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Objective To determine the effective volume of 1.5％ lidocaine for obturator nerve block (ONB) in 50％ of patients (EV50) undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Methods Thirty-six ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients with bladder tumor,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective TURBT and required ONB before TURBT,were enrolled in the study.ONB was performed with 1.5 ％ lidocaine using the pubic approach under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.The volume of 1.5％ lidocaine was determined by up-and-down sequential trial.The initial volume of hdocaine was 10 ml and the ratio between the two successive volumes was 1.1.Successful ONB was considered to be positive response.The EV50 and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI) of 1.5 ％ lidocaine for ONB were calculated.Results The EV50 of 1.5 ％ lidocaine for ONB was 5.53 rnl and the 95 ％ CI was 5.10-6.00 ml.Conclusion The EV50 of 1.5 ％ lidocaine is 5.53 ml when used for ONB in patients undergoing TURBT.

Objective To evaluate methods of OP mesh spreading in preperitoneal tension-free repair of inguinal hernia via open anterior approach.Methods The clinical data of 1 528 cases underwent preperitoneal tension-free repair of inguinal hernia via open anterior approach from March 2012 to April 2015 was analyzed retrospectively.The methods of mesh crimp spreading, pectineal ligament suture fixation, pubic tubercle suture fixation and auxiliary support were used.Results The mesh crimp spreading method was used in 1 021 cases, pectineal ligament suture fixation method was used in 64 cases, pubic tubercle suture fixation method was used in 48 cases, auxiliary support method was used in 395 cases.Meshes were all well spreaded.Conclusions The four methods of mesh spreading are effective, simple, convenient and easy to use in preperitoneal tension-free repair of inguinal hernia via open anterior approach.

Objective To compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride injection versus sufentanil for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) operation. Methods Sixty patients of both sexes , aged 18-65 yr , weighing 46-85 kg , scheduled for LC operation , were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30). Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump (oxycodone hydrochloride injection 20 mg or sufentanil 100 μg with physiological saline to 100 ml ) was used for postoperative analgesia five minutes before the end of operation. The first dose and bolus dose were both 5 ml , background infusion was 2 ml/h,lockout interval was 5 minute. The NRS score of rest and during movement at 1 ,6 and 24 h after operation,total oxycodone or sufentanil consumption in 24 h, requirement for rescue analgesic, the level of patient′s satisfaction , the adverse events were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the NRS scores at rest and during movement , total oxycodone or sufentanil consumption in 24 h and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) between the two groups. The patient’s satisfaction were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the incidence of dizziness were significantly lower (P = 0.026) in group Q than in group S. Both groups were no requirement for rescue analgesic , no sleepiness , no itch , no retention of urine and other adverse reaction. Conclusion PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in reducing pain after LC operation, however the incidence of dizziness is lower and the level of patient’s satisfaction is higher with oxycodone hydrochloride than with sufentanil.