The Sprouty protein can inhibit cel proliferation and induce apoptosis by specific interventions in the signaling pathways of tumor cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. The Sprouty protein, which is often associated with abnormal cell proliferation and transformation, is down-regulated in many tumors, stimulating the initiation and progression of tumors. The Sprouty protein exhibits potential for developing effective treatment against cancer. This paper reviews research progress on Sprouty protein in tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the data about endemic fluorosis, and investigate its prevalence and the effects of prevention and cure, so as to suggest more effective measures for the prevention and cure in the future. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and VIP Chinese database was undertaken to identify articles about the distribution, monitoring and effects of prevention and cure of endemic fluorosis published in Chinese from January 1995 to March 2006 by using the keywords of "endemic fluorosis, monitor". STUDY SELECTION: Literatures about endemic fluorosis, including mainly brief introduction, practice in prevention and cure, summary of meeting, etc., the repetitive studies were excluded, and only one of them published the latest was involved. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 25 relevant literatures were collected, and 18 of them were involved, the others were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: The monitoring results showed that until the end of the 2004, 44.51％ of the villages, in the drinking water type disease areas with endemic fluorosis, had executed the low-fluorine treatment of water, and 194 villages had been controlled basically; In the coal pollution type disease areas, 24 villages had been controlled basically,25.42％ of the families had reformed the stoves to prevent the coal pollution. The fluorine in water and air had been obviously declined after the improvement, some place had reached the standard of government.The morbidity rate of dental fluorosis in children of 8 to 12 years old was lower than before; The improving condition was good in most disease areas, and part of them had reached the control line; Meanwhile,the problems also existed that the measures of prevention could not befulfilled completely for the short of money, and the role of decreasing fluorine could not be acted completely because of the ill-management after the changed project.CONCLUSION: After the continuous efforts for tens of years, great progress has been obtained in the prevention and cure of endemic fluorosis,and the prevalence rates of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis have reduced obviously, but many problems also exist at the same time. Therefore,the prevention and cure should be reinforced to restrain its prevalence more effectively.

Objective To summarize the basic process to create epidemiological surveillance system. Methods First, make use of the system science, information science, control science and related disciplines as theory, use deductive reasoning to get the basic process of creating epidemiological surveillance system. Then, choose 50 existing epidemiological surveillance system to study, choose the characteristics of epidemiological surveillance system as the fundaction, use inductive reasoning to complete the basic process. Results The basic process of creating the epidemiological surveillance system include: system analysis, set up the logic model of the system, system design, system implementation, system evaluation, system improving. Conclusions Epidemiological surveillance system are indispensable aspects, they should be well integrated in order to ensure the effectiveness of created epidemiological surveillance system.

0.05). The duration of normoglycemia in experimental group was 23～65 days (mean 48 days), while 3～6 days (mean 5 days) in control group, with the difference being very significant between the two groups (P

Objective To study the p53 gene mutation induced by organic extract of reclaimed water used in a city. Methods The organic extract of reclaimed water was collected by C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the reclaimed water were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). L-02 cells were treated with the organic extract of the reclaimed water at 0.84, 1.68, 3.34 ?l/ml for 24 h. DNA samples for p53 mutation detection was extracted from the cells and subjected to DNA sequencing for detection of mutations in exon 5 of the p53 gene. Results All 16 kinds of PAHs were detected both in input water and reclaimed water. The predominant ones were fluorene and phenanthrene,then naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and so on. Total PAHs concentration was 1 777.9 ng/L in the input water and 1380.1 ng/L in the reclaimed water. Mutation in exon 5 within the p53 gene was detected in L-02 cells treated with the organic extract of the water. Conclusion PAHs in water can be removed by sewage treatment technology at present, but the remaining PAHs can still induce the mutation of p53 gene, so using reclaimed water has some potential health impacts, the sewage treatment technology employed today should be improved.

Objective To study the effect of salina and vitamin E on the antiadverse reaction in nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients treated by chemotherapy. Method 124 cases nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients were selected during December, 2005 and December, 2007. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: A and B group, which were treated by salina plus vitamin E and placebo respectively. First, all patients were treated by radical operation. After operation, conventional chemotherapy (TAX+CBP) was followed. The day before chemotherapy, salina and vitamin E was oral administered to A group until before the third chemotherapy. The interval between chemotherapy was 3 weeks. B group was treated by the same way with placebo. Prior to the third chemotherapy, blood routine examination, liver and kidney function, immune index and antioxidation index were detected. Results After treatment, leukocyte number increased in A group, but decreased in B group. There was no obvious damage founded in liver and kidney function. CHE level was significantly enhanced in A group. The level of SOD in A group was significantly higher than that in B group. Conclusion salina+vitamin E could reduce the leukocyte number decrease caused by chemotherapy, increase the activity of cholinesterase, and enhance the antioxidation function of patients, so it can protect some side effects of chemotherapy in non-small lung cancer patients.

Objective To explore the association between the minimum temperature in different seasons and the hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(International Classification of Diseases,tenth vision ICD-10:I00-I99) in Beijing,China.Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(ICD-10:I00-I99)from one of Peking university hospitals,the data of relevant ambient air pollution from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and the data of meteorological index from China meteorological data sharing service system between 2004— 2006 were collected The time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the data.Results After adjusting SO2,NO2,and PM10,the results showed that each 1 ℃ increase in the daily minimum temperature in summer was associated with the intraday hospital emergency room visits(OR=1.039,P

Objective To explore the association between the daily maximum temperature and hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( ICD-10: I00～I99) in different seasons in Beijing, China. Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10: I00～I99) from a Level-3A hospital in Haidian district in Beijing during 2004-2006 and the corresponding meteorological, air pollution data were collected. The seasonal-stratified case-crossover design and Logistic multiple regression model was used for the data analysis. Results After adjusting the influence of relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure, for 1℃ increase in daily maximum temperature, the corresponding increase in the hospital emergency visits of the diseases was 17.3%(OR=1.173, 95%CI:1.149～1.197) and 4.2% (OR=1.042, 95%CI: 1.011～1.074) in spring and summer of the years, respectively (P0.05). Conclusion The increase of daily maximum temperature may be a risk factor for daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in spring and summer, however, it may be a preventive factor in autumn. The effects of air temperature on health should not be the same in seasons.

Objective To evaluate the role of routine delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after thrombosis in the management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methods Ninety-eight patients with STEMI who underwent routine delayed PCI after thrombosis and other 82 patients with STEMI who were given conservative strategy after thrombolysis were enrolled in this study and were investigated during their in-hospital period and 6-month follow-up regarding major adverse clinical events (MACE) and the cardiac structure and function by echocardiography. The patients were divided into the control group (conservative strategy after thrombolysis), therapy group 1 (routine delayed PCI after successful thrombolysis), and therapy group 2 (routine delayed PCI after unsuccessful thrombolysis). Results Compared with conservative strategy after thrombolysis, routine delayed PCI after thrombosis decreased in-hospital mortality (4.9% vs 0%, 0%), shortened average hospital stay (25.3 days vs 13.5 days, 15.1days), decreased the need for revascularization for target lesion (7.3% vs 0%, 0%) and lowered the incidence of thrombosis or infarction (7.3% vs 0%, 0%), and also produced lower mortality (13.4% vs 1.4%, 0%), prevented reinfarction (12.2% vs 4.2%, 4.5%) and stroke (2.4% vs 0%, 0%), decreased the need for revascularization for target lesion (28% vs 4.2%, 4.5%) and prevented further left ventricle remodling. Conclusion Routine delayed PCI after thrombosis may to prevent recurrent ischemia, reinfarction, and reocclusion, so as to improve immediate results and 6-month prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Many present studies have reported the early clinical therapeutic effects of short-segment non-fusion fixation for the repair of thoracolumbar burst fracture. The results are satisfactory. However, the mid-and long-term fol ow-up results of this scheme for treating thoracolumbar burst fracture are seldom reported. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the mid-term results of short segment pedicle screw fixation without bone fusion for unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture. ＜br> METHODS:Data of 12 patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures undergoing short segment pedicle screw fixation without bone fusion were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients experienced severe intraspinal occupying and neurological dysfunction, and al of them affected single segment thoracolumbar injuries. The surgical procedure included postural reduction for 2 days and screw fixations at one level above, one level below and at the fractured level itself. The patients underwent removal of implants at 12 months after the initial operation. Imaging and clinical findings, including canal encroachment, percentage of vertebral body height loss, Cobb angle, American Spinal Injury Association motor score, Frankel grade and adjacent segment degenemtion, were evaluated. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for at least 5 years. Significant differences in canal encroachment, percentage of vertebral body height loss and Cobb angle were detectable between post-fixation and pre-fixation (P＜0.05). Evaluation results were significantly better after fixation than that before fixation, but no significant difference in evaluation results after fixation was detected (P>0.05). After implantation and removal of fixator, none cases affected aggravated symptoms of neurological impairment. American Spinal Injury Association motor score was 34.2±6.3 before fixation, and 47.7±9.5 during the final fol ow-up, showing significant differences (t=-4.103, P=0.000). During the final fol ow-up, adjacent segments in damage levels did not suffer from degeneration in al patients. Neurological function showed the recovery of Frankel grades 1 or 2. These data indicated that a good mid-term result of short segment pedicle screw fixation without bone fusion for unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture with neurological deficit can be achieved. The improved saggital alignment was effectively constructed and maintained. Adjacent segment degeneration was not found at the injury level.