Objective To investigate the causes for death in rats after spinal cord injury.Methods A total of 120 adult Wister rats were selected for the study. The animal model with acute spinal injury at T10 was established by using Allen' s combat (25 g · cm). The dissection analysis was performed in death rats. Results Of all, 25 patients died, with mortality rate of 21%. Of death rats, five rats were died before awakening, with no abnormal anatomy; 12 rats died within three days after injury and three died of injuries 3-7days injury. Anatomy found pulmonary bleeding and edema, even hematocele bladder in some rats. There were three rats died within 1-2 weeks, one died of injury only after 2-3 weeks, with lung infection and urinary tract infection. There was no death after three weeks. Conclusions The early causes for death of rats with spinal cord injury is mainly due to lung congestion and pulmonary edema, whereas the leading cause of late death of rats is pulmonary and urinary tract infection.

Objective:Preparated from seeds of Brassica alba, Sinapine was determinated by RP-HPLC. Methods: Seeds of Brassica alba were shattered, defatted by ether, extracted by alcohol, and crystallized by potassium thiocyanate, then ethanol and water were used to recrystallize for several times. The determination was performed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC), using ZORBAX SB-Aq column 4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.08 mol/L KH2P04 (20:80) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 326 nm. Results: Pale yellow needle-like sinapine crystal was obtained, and the yield rate was 0.82%. The purity of sinapine thiocyanate crystal was over 95%. Conclusion: Preparation sinapine by this solvent extraction method was simple, high-purity, high yield, and could be used for industrial production.

Objective To observe the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on function recovery of injuried spinal cord with transplanted neural stem cell in adult rats. Methods 96 SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: the injury group, VPA group，NSCs group and NSCs+VPA group. All rats were hemi-sected at T10 level. The rats in VPA group were injected with VPA 300 mg/kg·d introperitoneally twice a day. Those in NSCs group were transplanted with absorbable gelatin sponge absorbing the identified NSCs. Those in NSCs+VPA group were dealed the same as those in NSCs group, and injected with VPA 300 mg/kg·d introperitoneally twice a day. They were assessed with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB) scale and electrophysiology examination in 2nd, 4th and 8th week. The nuclear yellow retrograde tracing and DIL anterograde tracing were performed in 8th week. Results The number of neurons traced with DIL and nuclear yellow of NSCs+VPA group were more than that of other groups. The BBB scores and indexes of electrophysiology examination of NSCs+VPA group improved more than other groups, especially the motor evoked potentials. Conclusion VPA promotes neural stem cells transplant to repair the function of injuried spinal cord in adlut rats.

Objective To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of endoscopic implantation of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMs) for malignant colorectal obstruction.Methods A total of 208 patients who had undergone endoscopic SEMs implantation for malignant colonic obstruction from January 2012 to May 2014 at the endoscopy center of Shengjing hospital were enrolled.The technical and clinical success rate and the complications were reviewed.Results The technical and clinical success rates were 99.04％ (206/208) and 96.15％ (200/208), respectively.Abdominal pain, perforation and bleeding were the most common post-procedure complications, the rates of which were 13.46％ (28/208), 2.88％ (6/208), 1.92％ (4/208), respectively.The abdominal pain in most patients was self-relieving except for 6 patients with perforation of colon.Patients with perforation were cured by emergency surgery.One patient with intraperitoneal hemorrhage was also cured by emergency surgery, the other patients developing bleeding recovered themselves.Conclusion The success rate of endoscopic SEMs implantation is satisfactory in the study.As a bridge to surgery or a palliative care method, endoscopic SEMs implantation is effective and safe for malignant colorectal obstruction.

Objective To investigate the incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LST) and the risk factors. Methods Data of 51 patients with coloretral LST,treated with ESD from January 2010 to May 2014 at Shengjing hospital affiliated to China Medical University,were reviewed.The incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome was analyzed and logistic regression was used to evaluate risk.Results The incidence of electro-coagulation syndrome was 9.8%(5 /51).The incidence of tumors in the rectal area(7.1%,2 /28)was lower than that of the left half colon (12.5%,1 /8),and the right colon (13.3%,2 /15).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the development of electrocoagulation syndrome were LST located in non-rectum area (OR =1.655,P <1.655),lesion size larger than 25 mm (OR =1.028, P <0.05),the operation time longer than 129 min (OR =1.016,P <0.05),age older than 62 year old (OR =0.987,P <0.05).Conclusion For the patients aged over 62 year old,lesion size larger than 25 mm,the operation time longer than 129 min and LST located outside the rectum,the mucous membrane should be separated from the muscularis propria in the ESD procedure to reduce electrocoagulation time as much as possible. In the postoperative period,patients need fasting,fluid replacement support,and prevention of post endoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome (PEECS).

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic metal stent implantation for afferent limb obstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods A retrospective analysis of 5 patients with afferent limb obstruction after PD treated by endoscopic metal stent implantation was performed.Data of each patient was reviewed including the records of the endoscopic procedure,the complications and the clinical outcomes. Results All the metal stents were implanted successfully in the 5 patients. The abdominal disten-sion and cholangeitis were well relieved in all the patients. The liver function improved in all the patients in 3 to 5 days.No abdominal discomfort,bleeding,perforation,or stent dislocation occurred.CT scan showed that all stents were well expanded.The survival time of the 5 patients were 3 to 8 months,and 4. 6 months on av-erage. There was no recurrence of afferent limb obstruction. Conclusion For afferent limb obstruction after PD,endoscopic metal stent implantation is effective in relieving obstruction,the symptoms,and improving the quality of life.

Objective To discuss the effective treatments for fracture of the medial humeral epicondyle in children.Methods Twenty-five children with fracture of the medial humeral epicondyle treated from January 2008 to June 2011 were studied,including 18 males and 7 females at age of 7-14 years (mean,11.4 years).There were 7 cases accompanied with elbow joint dislocation and 2 lateral humeral epicondyle fracture.Patients were assigned to medial elbow approach to open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable rods (Group A,n =13) and open reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation (Group B,n =12) according to the random number table.A plaster support was applied after surgery.Functional training was initiated 2-3 weeks after operation for Group A and 4-6 weeks after adequate callus formation for Group B.Moreover,follow-up was performed at regular intervals.Results All patients were followed up for 6-41 months (mean,22 months).Mean healing time was 3.8 weeks (range,3-5 weeks) in Group A and 5.6 weeks (range,4-8 weeks) in Group B.At postoperative 6 months,Bede elbow performance score was (93.7 ± 3.3) points in Group A with 10 excellent and 3 good results and (85.3 ±6.3) points in Group B with 3 excellent,7 good,and2 fair results (t=-4.24,P＜0.05).Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable rods gains advantages of rigid immobilization,functional recovery and minor complication and hence is effective for treatment of medial humeral epicondyle fracture in children.

ObjectiveThe efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide-sedated transnasal gastroscopy for high-risk patients of intravenous anesthesia were evaluated. MethodsA total of 157 patients were randomly assigned to the nitrous oxide group ( n =80) and the oxygen group ( n =77). Heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored. Complications in both groups were recorded.Satisfaction degrees of patients and endoscopy physicians were evaluated with a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) score. The questionnaire questions for physicians included the procedure evaluation ( steady, ok, unsteady). Patients' questionnaire questions included discomfort (light, moderate, severe), the patients' tolerance ( fine, moderate, weak) and the patients' willingness to undergo a second procedure. Statistical analysis was performed between the two groups. ResultsSix of the toal 157 patients were removed because of the operation failure (difficulty in access to nasal cavity in 5 patients and nose bleeding in one patient), 151 patients underwent the transnasal gastroscopy successfully and completed the questionnaires. In experimental group, there were 37 males and 41 females (mean age was 67.7 years, ranging 16-88 years, 7 patients were grade 1 of ASA, 61 were grade 2, and 11 were grade 3). In the control group, there were 36 males and 37 females (mean age was 67.9 years, ranging 17-86 years, 6 patients were grade 1 of ASA, 57 were grade 2, and 9 were grade 3). There was no differences in sex, average age and ASA grade between the two groups (P ＞ 0. 05 ). There was no difference in the mean operation time between the two groups, either (200. 1 s vs 200. 3 s) ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). There were no significant differences between the two groups in changes of blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and complication rates ( P ＞ 0. 05 ).Both physicians' and patients' positive evaluations of the experimental group were more than that of the control (P ＜ 0. 05 ), while physicians' and patients' negative evaluations of the experimental group were less than the control (P ＜0. 05). VAS of physicians' satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (84 vs 70, t =14. 67, P ＜ 0. 05), and VAS of patients' satisfaction in the experimental group was superior to the control group (82 vs 71, t =11.56, P ＜ 0. 05). The number of patients wiring to undergo a second procedure in the experimental group was higher than that of the control (89. 7％ vs 69. 9％, P ＜ 0. 05). ConclusionNitrous oxide-sedated transnasal endoscopy is an effective and safe procedure for high risk patients of intravenous anesthesia.

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic value of EUS for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.MethodsClinical data of 26 patients with final diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,who had underwent EUS and EUS-FNA,were retrospectively analyzed.Results On EUS,pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presented as hypoechoic masses with clear margins and rich blood flow.Of the 26 pancreatic lesions,3 were in the head,2 in unicate process,2 in neck,11 in body and 8 in tail.The tumors presented with function in 16 ( mean size 9 mm),and on function in 10 ( mean size 29 mm).EUS-FNA yeilded positive results in 22 patients and negative in 4.The accuracy rate of EUS for preoperative localization was 100％ in 23 patients who underwent surgery.ConclusionEUS can provide accurate preoperative localization and pathologic evidence for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor in children. Pediatric tumors are little affected by environmental factors, but closely related to child development. The suspension method is an effective and reliable method to harvest neoplastic stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To culture the cel clones of human neuroblastoma cel line SK-N-SH and to assess the biological properties of the cel clones.
METHODS:Using the suspension method with no serum media, tumor cel clones were obtained. Immunofluorescence method was used to identify whether tumor cel clones exhibit stem cel properties. SK-N-SH neuroblastoma was labeled by luciferase, and tumor cel clones and tumor cel s were seeded onto the back of nude mice to monitor cel proliferative properties in nude mice using in vivo imaging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Using the suspension culture method, SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cel s could successful y develop into cloning bal s. Under serum-free culture, cloning bal s were immunofluorescently used to detect molecular markers that showed strong positive expression. Cloning bal s subcutaneously implanted into
nude mice showed the strong ability of self-renewal and differentiation as stem cel s. The cel clones cultured by the suspension method strongly expressed Nestin, but weakly expressed glial fibril ary acidic protein, neuron-specific tubulin, possessing stem cel characteristics and strong proliferation and metastasis in nude mice.