Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease among elders and athletes. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are molecules of stress sensitivity which play a significant role in the occurrence and development of OA. MAPKs are closely related with chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation. This paper reviewed the related studies between OA and MAPKs.

Objective　This study was To investigate the incidence rate of Cockett syndrome and relationship between Cockett syndrome and varicose veins and deep venous incompetence of the left lower extremities.Methods　73 patients(100 legs) with varicose veins of the lower extremities were investigated by descending deep venography and iliography preoperatively.Results　There were 35(47.9%) cases with abnormalities of the left common iliac vein (ALCIV)in all the cases.There were 31 cases with this conditions in the patients with varicose veins of the left or both lower extremity.While in the patients with varicose veins of the only right lower extremity,there were only 4 cases with ALCIV.In contrast,there was a significant difference between groups(χ2=9.8641,P=0.0017).In the patients with ALCIV,14 cases with Ⅲ or Ⅳ grade of deep venous incomptence were found, and only 6 cases with deep venous incompetence in the patients without ALCIV.There was a significant difference(χ2=5.3688,P=0.0205).Conclusion　Cockett's syndrome frequently occurs in varicose veins of the left lower extremity.There is a relationship between them.Cockett's syndrome might be one of the causes for the deep venous incompetence of the left leg.

Objective To compare electrocoagulation effects of three types of electrodes for varicose veins.Methods Twelve dogs(24 veins in hind limbs)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 dogs in each group:columnar electrode group,circular electrode group,and radial electrode group.Each dog's long saphenous veins were high ligated and electrocoagulated.The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)was measured and pathological examinations(HE and Weigert)were performed immediately following operation and on the 7th and the 14th postoperative day,respectively.The destruction depth and extent,residual vessels,and skin burn after electrocoagulation were compared among the three groups.Results One case of skin burn on the left hind limb occurred in the columnar electrode group.Immediately following the operation,the number of vessels that were destroyed beyond 50% of perimeter in the radial electrode group was 8,which was significantly higher than that in the columnar electrode group(3 vessels)and the circular electrode group(4 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.013 and 0.038),and the number of vessels that were destroyed deep to the meddle membrane in the radial electrode group was 1,which was significantly lower than that in the columnar electrode group(7 vessels)and the circular electrode group(6 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.005 and 0.020).On the 7th day after operation,there was no statistical difference among the 3 groups in the number of vessels with remnant area above 50% of the perimeter(?2=5.371,P=0.068).On the 14th day after operation,the number of vessels with remnant area above 50% of the perimeter in the radial electrode group(1 vessel)was significantly lower than that in the columnar electrode group(7 vessels)and the circular electrode group(6 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.005 and 0.020).There was no statistical difference among 3 groups in APTT immediately following operation and on the 7th and the 14th postoperative day(P=0.905,0.871,and 0.865).Conclusions Compared with the other two catheters,radial electrode has the largest destroyed area,the smallest remnant area of the vessel,and the lowest risk of skin burn.

Objective To summarize the clinical application of the Tempofilter Ⅱ temporary caval filter.Methods The Tempofilter Ⅱ temporary caval filter was employed in 24 patients from April 2002 to August 2006.Before the implantation,we performed color ultrasonography to detect the extent of thrombus and the situation of inferior vena cava,renal vein,and access vein(right internal jugular vein).Under the guidance of color ultrasonography and X-ray fluoroscopy(free of contrast agent),the temporary filter was placed in the inferior vena cava distal of the renal vein orifice through a guide wire by using the Seldinger technique.Results The filter was successfully implanted and removed in all the 24 patients.The duration of placement was 5 days～6 weeks(mean,16.8 days).Filter thrombosis occurred in 4 patients at 3 days ～ 2 weeks after operation.The thrombi(

Objective To explore the changes of the peripheral blood soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL) in patients of diabetes complicated with tuberculosis,in order to provide the basis for condition judgment and intervention.Methods The patients of diabetes complicated with tuberculosis (diabetes comphcated with tuberculosis group,25 cases),simple diabetes (diabetes group,25 cases),simple tuberculosis (tuberculosis group,25 cases) and healthy person (control group,25 cases) were selected.The peripheral blood sFas,sFasL and T-lymphocyte subsets were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent test.Results The peripheral blood sFas,sFasL in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group,diabetes group,tuberculosis group was higher than that in control group[(7.91 ± 1.93),(8.74 ± 2.12),(7.86 ± 1.61)mg/L vs.(2.10 ±0.88) mg/L and (562.37 ± 196.38),(1512.32 ±303.48),(607.48 ± 102.53) ng/L vs.(263.18 ±46.32) ng/L](P＜ 0.05).The peripheral blood sFas,sFasL in diabetes group was higher than that in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group and tuberculosis group (P ＜ 0.05).With sFasL 1000 ng/L as boundary value,the diagnostic coincidence rate of diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group and diabetes group was 90.00％ (45/50).CD3 +,CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group,diabetes group,tuberculosis group was lower than that in control group (0.3376 ± 0.0712,0.2368 ± 0.0803,0.4801 ± 0.0896 vs.0.5849 ± 0.0487 and 0.1798 ± 0.0401,0.2100 ± 0.0679,0.2312 ± 0.0487 vs.0.2811 ± 0.0348) (P ＜ 0.05).CD3 + T-lymphocyte subsets in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group was higher than that in diabetes group and lower than that in tuberculosis group (P ＜ 0.05).CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group was lower than that in diabetes group,tuberculosis group(P ＜ 0.05).CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group,diabetes group was higher than that in control group (0.3209 ± 0.0707,0.2831 ± 0.0794 vs.0.2086 ± 0.0589)(P ＜ 0.05).CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group was higher than that in diabetes group and tuberculosis group (0.2287 ± 0.0690)(P ＜ 0.05).C D3 +,CD4+,CD8+ T-lymphocyte apoptotic rate in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group,diabetes group,tuberculosis group was higher than that in control group [(4.34 ± 2.08)％,(3.22 ± 2.12)％,(2.59 ± 1.41)％ vs.(1.01 ± 0.38)％,(5.12 ± 1.58)％,(4.82 ± 1.98)％,(3.21 ± 1.19)％ vs.(1.78 ±0.53)％ and (1.45 ±0.52)％,(2.31 ±2.01)％,(1.62 ± 1.33)％ vs.(1.07 ± 0.38)％] (P ＜ 0.05).CD3 +,CD4+ T-lymphocyte apoptotic rate in diabetes complicated with tuberculosis group,diabetes group was higher than that in tuberculosis group (P ＜0.05).CD8+ Tlymphocyte apoptotic rate in diabetes group was higher than that in tuberculosis group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The peripheral blood sFas and sFasL exists abnormal increase in patients of diabetes complicated with tuberculosis.CD3+,CD4+ T-lymphocyte decreasing shows that the patients exist immune function disorder.sFas and sFasL may be involved development process of disease,and the peripheral blood sFasL content can also be used as auxiliary indicators for identifying diabetes patients with tuberculosis.

Objective To study the relationship between Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and the degree of malignancy of astrocytoma.Methods Bcl-2/Bax protein expression positive rate and apoptotic cell rate were determined using immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL, in 10 normal human brain tissues and 80 human astrocytoma specimens of differently malignant degrees confirmed by pathology separatively. Results Bcl-2/Bax protein positive expression was not found in normal human brain tissues, and apoptotic cell rate was only (0 6?0 1)%. The differences of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression positive rate and apoptotic cell rate were statistically significant in the differently malignant degrees(P

Objective: To construct recombinant adenovirus vector of Antisense BTEB2 cDNA and study the effect of antisense BTEB2 on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointimal hyperplasia.Methods:BTEB2 cDNA was prepared by RT PCR technique and was subcloned reversedly into shuttle plasmid pDC315 to constructed recombinant shuttle plasmid pDC315AS BTEB2.Then the recombinant shuttle plasmid and adenovirus genomic plasmid pBHGlox?E1,3Cre were cotransfected into 293 cell to obtain recombinant adenovirus. The PCR technique was used to detect target gene fragment and adenovirus genomic characteristic fragment. After the recombinant adenovirus infected vascular smooth muscle cells, antisense RNA expression of BTEB2 was detected by RT PCR. Results:There was recombinant adenovirus containing BTEB2 cDNA in the lysate of cotransfected 293 cells.The recombinant adenovirus infected 293 cells and replicated in 293 cells. The expression of BTEB2 antisense RNA was very obvious in vascular smooth muscle cells after infected by recombinant adenovirus. Conclusion:The construction of recombinant adenovirus vector of Antisense BTEB2 has been achieved, and Antisense RNA of BTEB2 can express in vascular smooth muscle cells. This study has paved the way for furthur research.

Objective To construct the recombinant adenovirus of Angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AT2R), and study the effect of AT2R on prevention of neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries after balloon angioplasty. Methods The recombinant adenovirus of AT2R with green fluorescent protein was constructed by using the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria. AT2R gene was transduced into rat carotid arteries with pAdCMV/AT2R after the reproduction of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The expression and the transfection efficiency of AT2R gene were evaluated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and confocal microscope. The intimal/medial area ratio was measured by digital analysis system. Results The titre of purified recombinant adenovirus was 1.5?10 12pfu/ml, and it was proved by PCR. pAdCMV/AT2R transfection efficiency in carotid artery was about 40% at day14, and localized to the neointima, as well as to the media and the adventitia. pAdCMV/AT2R delivered into injured rat carotid arteries significantly up-regulated AT2RmRNA and protein expression in neointima from day 7 to 21 after injury. Compared with pAd-GFP transfection group, pAdCMV/AT2R transfection reduced I/M ratio significantly on day 21(0.78?0.06 vs. 1.36?0.21 respectively, P

Objective To report an improved method, color-ultrasonography-guided inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement, for preventing the pulmonary embolism (PE) caused by the deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods Color-ultrasonography-guided IVC filter insertion was performed in 9 patients with DVT of lower limb, 1 of which also had PE accompanied with at the time of admission. Out of the 9 patients, 5 patients underwent embolectomy immediately after the filter placement while the other 4 patients were treated conservatively. Results The placements were all completed successfully. Follow-up observations for 1～7 months (mean 2 months) found no complications or occurrence of PE. No recurrence of PE was found in the patient already with PE. Conclusions The color-ultrasonography-guided IVC filter placement can effectively prevent PE caused by DVT. The method is suitable for severe, immovable patients, as well as patients with renal insufficiency and being allergic to intravenous contrast, and is safe, convenient, cheap and prone to popularization.

Objective To study the effect of rat angiotensin Ⅱ receptor (AT2R) gene transfer mediated by adenoviral vector on neointimal proliferation after rat carotid artery injury. Methods AT2R gene was transducted into the carotid artery by adenoviral vector with GFP after carotid balloon injury. Restenosis models were established in Wistar rats. Immunostaining was performed to examin the expression of AT2R in local arteries. Neointima/media area ratio at day 21 after gene transfer was measured by morphometric analysis. Results The transduction rate of AT2R gene in rat carotid arteries was 40% and the gene expressed constantly in the vessel walls. Neointima/media area ratio of the gene transduction group was significantly reduced (48%) compared with the control group at day 21 after gene transfer. Conclusion The results suggest the possibility that AT2R gene transfer can inhibit proliferation of arterial intima after balloon injury and it is a potential therapeutic approach to prevent neointimal hyperplasia.