If the seven constants were changed,the result of specimen testing would be affected directly.When we understand the meaning of the seven constants.the job of medical equipment maintenance and care will become more effective.Meanwhile,we should pay attention to the influence on the result caused by other factors of a constant besides the seven Coulter Constants.

Objective To explore the effect of folic acid on neural stem cells(NSCs) proliferation from fetal rats in vitro.Method NSCs were isolated and cultured by microdissection,mechanical blowing and serum-free suspension culture,and identified by immunofluorescent staining using antibody against nestin.BrdU(5’bromo-2’deoxyuridine) was used to mark dividing neural stem cells.Cultured NSCs were divided into four groups:control group,low,high dose group(liquid media with added 4,40 mg/L folic acid),and deficiency group(liquid media with added 0.4 mg/L methotrexate,MTX).Monotetrazolium(MTT) and double-label immunofluorescence technique detected NSCs proliferation under the condition of folic acid.Results In the serum-free suspension medium,neurospheres that consisted of a great number of nestin-positive cells could be obtained.The proliferative ability of NSCs were observed by BrdU labeling methods.MTT assay and double-label immunofluorescence for nestin+BrdU showed that the growth tendency was increased with folate concentration in the medium.Compared with control group,NSCs growth rate of folate group was significantly increased in vitro.Conclusion The culture of NSCs isolated from fetal rats possesses the abilities of proliferation and self-regeneration.Folic acid may stimulate proliferation of NSCs efficiently.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of dysplasia in myeledysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods 716 samples of adult patients with abnormal blood routine and unelear cause were collected between July 04, 2003 and March 14, 2007. Based on the gold diagnostic standard of WHO MDS classification, all eases were detected on cytomorphology, cytochemical stain, bone marrow pathological assay,cytogenetics, flow eytometry et al. The cytological study of bone marrow on some abnormal hematopaietie cells has a diagnostic value to determine clonal or non-clonal diseases and assess sensitivity and specificity. Results in the complicated various dysplasia of hematopeiefic ceils, the following characteristics can be the main basis of cytomorphological diagnosis: one of granular Auer bodies, micronuclens (MN), or nuclear budding, erythroid nuclear budding, megakaryocytes presented in peripheral blood, myeloblast or prorubricyte exhibited in peripheral blood, ringed sideroblasts>1%. The subordinate basis of cytomorphological diagnosis development of nuclei, ring-shaped nuclei, and aggregation of nuclear chromafin, erythroid multi-nuclei, odd nucleus, mother-daughter nucleus, nuclear fragmentation, vacuole, anisoeytosis and mieromegakaryocytes.Conclusion Cytomorphologic assay is the base for the diagnosis of MDS, however, it presents certain limit,especially when eytomnrphoiogical change does not possess specificity for early MDS. Hereby, it requires to combine other deteetion methods.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of biological meshes (human aceUular dermal matrix mesh) in single-stage repair of infected or contaminated abdominal abdominal wall defects and abdominal hernias. MethodsSeventeen patients with abdominal wall defects or abdominal hernias were enrolled. The wounds of all these patients were infected or contaminated due to the existence of enterocutaneous fistula or stoma, wound infection and synchronous colonic resection. The diagnosis included enterocutaeneous fistula 8 cases, incisional hernia 6 cases, incarcerated inguinal hernia 1 case and cylindrical abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer for 2 cases. The sizes of abdominal defects ranged from 3 cm × 2 cm to 6 cm × 17 cm, and all the cases were repaired with human acellular dermal matrix mesh(RENOV(R)). Most of the patients were repaired with intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique( IPOM, for 12 cases), and other methods included Lichtenstein operation for 1 case, inlay repair for 2 cases and sublay for 2 cases. Results All the 17 patients recovered uneventfully. For 12 patients, the wounds were sutured at operation and only one case of delayed healing occurred due to fat liquefaction. For the other 5 patients, the wounds were left open and healed after vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy or wet- to- dry dressing changes. On follow up for 8.3 ±4.5 months ( 1 to 15 months), no occurrence of incisional hernia or recurrence was found. laxity of abdominal wall occurred in one case. A patient complained intermittent pain of the site of suture for mesh fixing two months after operation and the pain resolved spontaneously one month later. ConclusionsThe biological mesh, acellular dermal matrix mesh, could be used in single- stage repair of infected or contaminated abdominal wall defects safely and effectively, although the long-term outcome still needs further evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: Discussing the use of endoscopy in the operation of microvascular decompression of cranial nerves to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), glosspharyngeal neuralgia (GN) and some tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). METHOD: Since 2006, 973 cases (including 420 cases of TN, 487 cases of HFS, 66 cases of GN) had received the operation of nervous decompression by approach of postauricular suboccipital to the CPA. All cases who used the endoscopy and the material was described in detail. RESULT: In 420 TN patients, 390 (92.9%) were found responsible blood vessels. Two (0.5%) were found no responsible blood vessels but arachnoid adhesion, 28 were found CPA tumor secondary trigeminal neuralgia. In 487 HFS patients, 486 were found responsible blood vessels. Between the vascular and trigeminal nerve, teflon was used to decompress and isolate the facial nerve. In 66 GN, the glossopharyngeal nerve were cut and vagus nerve were decompressed. The short-term cure rate was 100%. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea occurred in 3 cases, 1 case of cerebellar infarction, 2 patients of cerebellar hemorrhage, 2 cases of pneumatosis. All complications were cured at last. There were no deaths. All cases were followed-up for 1 to 5 years. Four cases of TN and 4 cases of HFS recurrent, and none of GN recurrence. CONCLUSION The microneurosurgery of nervous decompression endoscopy technology for the treatment of TN, HFS, GN and some tumors of the CPA is an ideally functional and etiotropic operation. It is helpful to detect the responsible blood vessel and to protect the brain tissue and nerve function with endoscope, which can improve the success rate of the operation and avoid the complications. This technology has clinical application value.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendoscopy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Background Corneal biomechanical properties is important in the safety assessment of corneal refractive surgery.Corvis is a new device for measuring corneal biomechanics properties.Objective This study was to observe the correlation among corneal thickness, Corvis intraocular pressure and corneal biomechanical properties with Corvis.Methods A prospective observational study was performed.One hundred and fifty eyes of 75 patients with corneal thickness from 501 μm to 590 μm were divided into three groups according to the corneal thickness:low corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 501 μm to 530 μm), middle corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 531 μm to 560 μm) ,and high corneal thickness group (corneal thickness range from 561 μm to 590 μm);and 50 eyes of 25 patients for each group.The difference of intraocular pressure, corneal thickness and deformation amplitude (DA) among the three groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the correlation among the groups were analyzed by liner regression.Results The DA in the low corneal thickness group and middle corneal thickness group were significantly higher than that in the high corneal thickness group (P ＜ 0.05).The intraocular pressure was statistically different among the 3 groups (F =9.98, P＜0.05).DA was negatively correlated with intraocular pressure and corneal thickness (r=-0.84,-0.33;both at P＜0.01), with the linear regression DA =1.69-0.04×IOP (F=366.19, t=-19.14,P＜0.01).Conclusions Corneal thickness cannot simply represent the corneal biomechanical properties in the safety assessment of corneal refractive surgery,IOP should be considered.

BACKGROUND:Atorvastatin has been shown to reduce bone loss and fracture, but its effects on implant osseointegration remain unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-surgery, ovariectomy, and atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/kg per day) treatment groups, respectively. Al rats received ovariectomy and implant surgery except those in the sham-surgery group. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra, osseointegration ratio and pul-out strength of implants were measured after 12-week treatment.Levels of bone formation and resorption markers in osteoblasts treated with atorvastatin were determined by ELISA. Wnt pathway-relatedgene expression was detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone mineral density, osseointegration ratio and pul-out strength of implants were significantly increased in 20 mg/kg per day of atorvastatin treatment group compared with ovariectomy group (P< 0.05). Levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcinand osteoprotegerinwere significantly increased in osteoblasts treated with atorvastatinin vitro(P<0 .05), and the level of osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL was significantly inhibited (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, atorvastatin significantly promoted the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein associated protein 5and β-catenin, and inhibited the mRNA expression of dickkopfWnt signal pathway inhibitor 1and sclerostin. Our results suggest that atorvastatin promotes implant osseointegration in osteoporotic rats by activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Objective To develop a real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of Clostridium(C.)difficile and its toxin. Methods TaqMan real-time PCR was developed for the rapid identification of species specific gene(tpi)of C. difficile strains and the toxins A(TcdA),B(TcdB) and truncated toxin A(TcdAT). Sensitivity,specificity and anti-interference ability of these methods were estimated,as well. Feces sampled from fifty diarrhea patients were tested by real-time PCR and compared to the results from VIDAS assay. Results The detection limits of tpi were 6×10-2 CFU/μl and 6 × 10-1 CFU/μl in the non-oxin producing and toxin producing strains,respectively. The coefficients of variability (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay for the detection limits of tpi in the non-toxin producing strain were 2.1% and 2.3%. The CVs of intra-assay and inter-assay for the detection limit of tpi,tcdA,tcdB and tcdAT in the toxin producing strain were 3.0%and 3.4%,2.9%and 3.2%,5.3%and 5.7%,2.7%and 2.8%,respectively. No interferance was detected from other genus or species in clostridium. From 50 clinical samples,thirty-nine of them were negative and six of them were positive under the TaqMan-MGB probe technique in accordance with VIDAS. Five samples appeared positive using the TaqMan-MGB probe technique,in which 3 were dubious and 2 were negative under VIDAS. Conclusion The newly developed method was a sensitive and reliable assay for rapid identification of C. difficile and its toxin. This method could be used to screen C. difficile isolates harboring truncated toxin A to avoid misdiagnosis,clinically.

AIMTo investigate the effects of RLI on plasma nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) isoforms of healthy humans.

METHODS30 healthy human subjects (aged from 40 - 70 years old) were recruited. RLI was induced by five 5 min cycles of ischemia of non dominant arm (200 mmHg, 5 min interval). Blood pressure, heart rate, and the feelings of ischemic arm were continuously monitored. Venous plasma was collected in contralateral arm at Pre, Post-0 h, Post-4 h, and Post-24 h. Plasma level of NO was measured by Griess reaction, and NOS was measured by chemical method.

RESULTSBlood pressure and heart rate varied in normal range. The uncomfortable feeling was decreased with the increasing numbers of ischemic cycles. Plasma level of NO, and iNOS in plasma were significantly increased at Post-0 h, Post-4 h, and Post-24 h compared to Pre (P < 0.05). tNOS was also significantly increased at Post-0 h and Post-4 h compared to Pre (P < 0.05). No significant change in plasma cNOS was shown at following three time points than Pre.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that RLI can elevate plasma level of NO, tNOS, and iNOS in healthy humans. RLI might be a safe method as a rIPC, and it would have important possibility to be performed in clinic.

Adult ; Aged ; Arm ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; blood ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control

Objective:To investigate the difference of curative effect between zero-profile bridge-shaped locking cage (ROI-C) and anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation in the treatment of two-level and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods:A total of 85 patients (43 males and 42 females), aged 52.3±8.0 years (range from 28 to 66 years) with bi- and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy who received surgical treatment from June 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 63 cases of two levels and 22 cases of three levels. 45 cases were treated with zero-profile bridge-shaped locking cage ROI-C (ROI-C group), and 40 cases with anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation (titanium plate group). The main observation indicators include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, cervical Cobb angle, fusion segment Cobb angle, average intervertebral height, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score and neck disability index (NDI).Results:All of 85 patients were followed up for 16.9±2.0 months (range 12 to 22 months). The operation time of two-level ROI-C group was 110.37±8.25 min, which was shorter than 139.5±10.54 min of titanium plate group; the intraoperative blood loss was 15.74±8.10 ml, which was less than 23.71±9.70 ml of titanium plate group; the operation time of three-level ROI-C group was 130.00±5.70 min, which was shorter than 162.83±5.59 min of titanium plate group, while the difference in the intraoperative blood loss between the two groups had no statistical significance. One year after operation, Cobb angle of cervical vertebra in double and three-level ROI-C groups were 15.31°±1.55° and 15.20°±0.42°, respectively, which were largerthan 11.23°±2.03° and 9.20°±1.14° before operation; in titanium plate group, they were 15.89°±1.13° and 16.08°±1.88°, which were higher than 11.25°±2.01° and 9.00°±1.60° before operation, and the differences had statistical significance. The differences between the two groups before operation and 1 year after operation had no statistical significance. One year after operation, the VAS scores of double and three-level ROI-C groups were 1.83±0.66 points and 2.60±0.52 points, respectively, which were less than the preoperative 7.49±0.51 points and 7.60±0.52 points; the titanium plate group was 1.79±0.50 points and 2.41±0.51 points, which were less than the preoperative 7.61±0.63 points and 7.42±0.52 points, and the differences had statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the two groups before operation and 1 year after operation. One year after operation, the JOA scores of double and three-level ROI-C groups were 15.00±0.84 points and 14.70±0.95 points, respectively, which were higher than the preoperative 7.20±0.87 points and 6.60±1.27 points; the scores of titanium plate group were 15.29±0.85 points and 14.83±0.58 points, which were higher than the preoperative 6.89±1.03 points and 6.92±0.67 points, and the differences had statistical significance. The differences between the two groups had no statistical significance. The postoperative JOA improvement rate was excellent. Postoperative dysphagia occurred in 1 case (2.22%, 1/45) in ROI-C group and 8 cases (20.00%, 8/40) in titanium plate group, and the difference in the incidence rate between two groups had statistical significance ( χ2=5.32, P=0.02). Conclusion:Both ROI-C and anterior cage combined with titanium plate fixation in the treatment of double and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy can achieve good short-term clinical efficacy, with shorter operation time and lower incidence rate of postoperative dysphagia using ROI-C.