Objective To systemically discuss the role of Parvalbumin (PV), Calretinin (CR) and Calbindin-D28k (CB)-containing GABAergic interneurons in the acute onset and development of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the changes of PV, CR and CB-containing interneuron numbers in hippocampus of temporal lobe epileptic rats induced by lithium-pilocarpine at different time points (6 h, 24 h, 7 d, 15 d, 30 d and 60 d).Results Compared with control group, no loss of PV-positive cells was observed in CA3 region at any time point in epileptic model groups, while dramatic reduction of PV-positive cells was seen in CA1 region ( P0.05). In CA1 region, the number of CB positive interneurons decreased dramatically at 6 h ( P

Objective To illuminate relationships between epilepsy and functional and morphologic plasticity of synapse through investigating temporal-spatial expression of syanpsinⅠand the alteration of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus after seizure. Methods The models of epilepsy were established by injection of pilocarpine and lithium. Electromicroscope and the software of image manipulation were applied to observe the alteration of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus during acute phase, resting phase and chronic phase. The expressions of synapsinⅠ were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of synapsinⅠin every subfield of hippocampus decreased at 3 h after induction of seizure, reached the peak at 6 h and 12 h, which was significantly different from the control ( P

Objective To study the effects of mild hypothermia on cognitive function , synapsinⅠexpression and synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampus in epileptic rats induced by global cerebral ischemia. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into control (NC) group, sham-operated (Sham) group, normothermic epilepsy (NT) group and mild hypothermic epilepsy (HT) group. The model of postischemic audio-genetic seizure was established by chest compression. Hypothermia intervention was given to HT group. Immunocytochemistry was conducted to detect the expressions of synapsin I in hippocampus at days 1 , 3, 14. the synaptic ultrastructure and cognitive function were respectively observed by electron microscope and Morris water maze. Results Compared with NC and Sham group, the expression of synapsinI in NT group was decreased, the escape latency was prolonged and across platform number decreased (P < 0.05). The synapses were decreased in number, and mitochondria was viewed swelling, synaptic membranes unclear, myelin fractured. Compared with NT group, the expression of synapsinⅠin HT group had no obvious change in 24 h but was significantly increased in days 3 and 14 (P < 0.01); The escape latency was decreased and the number of cross platform increased (P < 0.01); Synaptic structure was clear, with interface growing and postsynaptic density thickened. Conclusion Mild hypothermia may improve the cognitive function of the epileptic rats induced by global cerebral ischemia by upregulating the expression of synapsinⅠand alleviating the damage of synaptic structure.

Objective To explore effects of mild hypothermia on early neurological deterioration (END) after main arterial occlusive with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Methods Fifty patients were randomly divided into mild hypothermia and conventional group, to compared the changes of ICP, CVP, MAP, Blood K+, PT, PLT, ScvO2 and NIHSS before- treatment and 24 h and 7 d after- treatment , prognosis and mortality were evaluated by MRS after 90 d. Results (1) Compared with pre-treatment, 7 d NIHSS of mild hypothermia group decreased (P < 0.01); 24 h, 7 d ICP and ScvO2 improved significantly (P < 0.05); 24 h decreased significantly (P <0.05), while 7 d blood K+ showed no differences. (2) Compared with conventional group, mild hypothermia group 7 d NIHSS and 24 h, 7 d ICP and ScvO2 improved significantly (P < 0.05). (3) The CVP, MAP, PT, and PLT showed no difference in two groups before and after-treatment . ( 4 ) Rate of good outcome in mild hypothermia group was significantly higher than conventional group in 90 days (P < 0.01); while the mortality rate showed no difference. Conclusions Mild hypothermia can obviously improve END in stroke with intra-arterial thrombolysise, bring better outcome among survival patients, though can not reduce mortality.

A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry- charged aerosol detection ( HPLC-MS-CAD) method was established for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of four Lignans in Magnoliae Flos extract. The components were separated on a YMC-Pack ODS-A column (250 mm× 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution with methanol and water as the mobile phase at aflow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. Then the elution solution was routed into MS equipment at a flow rate of 0. 3 mL/min and CAD detector at a flow rate of 0. 7 mL/min by a split ratio of 3:7 for the further detection. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 278 nm. A method was developed for the quantitative analysis of muti-components by single maker ( QAMS) to determine pinoresinol dimethylether, magnoli, 1irioresinol B dimethylethe and epi-magnoli A . Magnoli was selected as internal standard and the relative correction factors ( RCF) of the four Lignans were calculated. The contents of the four Lignans in Magnoliae Flos extract were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The QAMS method was evaluated by comparison of its assay result and that of external standard method. Under the selected chromatographic condition, the limits of detection of pinoresinol dimethylether, magnoli, lirioresinol B dimethylethe and epi-magnoli A were 0. 34, 0. 55, 0. 50 and 0. 58 mg/L, respectively, while the linear range were within 6. 8-270 mg/L, 11-546 mg/L, 2. 0-101 mg/L and 2. 3-116 mg/L. The recoveries ( n=9 ) were 98. 2%-99. 5%, and the correlation coefficient were 0 . 9995-0 . 9998 . No significant differences were found between the quantitative results of external standard method and QAMS method. The developed method is accurate, feasible, and can be used for quality evaluation of Magnoliae Flos .

Objective To investigate effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on changes of the behavior and the monoamine neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIP) in rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and to explore the possible mechanisms related to the NAC. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawle (SD) rats were divided into CUS group, fluoxetine group (FLX), NAC group and control group (n=8 for each group). Rats in CUS group, NAC group and FLX group were all fed alone and received CUS for 6 weeks to establish CUS model. Rats in NAC group and FLX group were given NAC and FLX by daily intragastric administration respectively during the last 3 weeks, while rats in CUS group and control group were given the same volume of solvent. Behavioral assessment including weight measurement, sucrose water consumption test, and opened field test were used for evaluation before and after CUS, and before and after intervention. The concentrations of the monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) in PFC, ST, AM and HIP were measured with Coul array HPLC. Results (1) There were more increases in weight gain, sucrose consumption, and distance of horizontal moving and number of up-right, while the number of feces was less, after intervention in control group, NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P<0.05). (2) Neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in PFC, ST, AM and HIP in CUS group compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The monoamine neurotransmitter (NE, DA and 5-HT) were significantly increased in the brain region (PFC, ST, AM and HIP) in NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion NAC and fluoxetine can effectively improve the depressive behavior of the CUS rats, increase the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT in PFC, AM, ST and HIP brain regions.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC),which lacks lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,extra-thyroid invasion,high-risk subtypes,and invasion of the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve,may be classified as low-risk PTMC based on clinical assessment.Surgical intervention such as lobectomy or total thyroidectomy is the primary treatment modality for PTMC.This study comprised 124 patients who underwent conformal thyroidectomy and revealed that this innovative surgical approach yielded long-term oncological outcomes comparable to those who received lobectomy or total thyroidectomy.The surgical intervention may play a significant role in the comprehensive management of PTMC,while the implementation of PTMC precision medicine necessitates the utilization of genetic testing,molecular typing,and other advanced technologies to detect early-stage high-risk factors like lymph node microinvasion and integrate biology-based surgery concept for optimal outcomes.

Objective:To explore the structural alterations in functional brain areas of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and to investigate the abnormal region of grey matter and its distribution in DPN.Methods:A total of 124 patients with DPN and 88 patients with type 2 diabetes without DPN (NDPN) diagnosed in Haikou Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from June 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects, and 40 healthy volunteers matched with gender and age were included as the control group.All subjects underwent whole-brain MRI examination, and 3D-T1WI data were collected for post-processing and analysis based on voxel morphological analysis.Results:Compared with NDPN patients, decreased gray matter volume in DPN patients was observed in the bilateral anterior central gyrus and thalamus, with statistical signifcant difference ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two sides ( P>0.05). Compared with healthy control group, decreased gray matter volume in DPN was observed in the the bilateral anterior central gyrus, central posterior gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and thalamus, with statistical signifcant difference ( P<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the two sides ( P>0.05). Conclusions:DPN patients also have decreased volumes of the brain greymatter, suggesting that the occorrence of DPN patients may be caused by the of injury of central structure.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of cognitive impairment associated with early post－acute stroke seizures (EPASS). Methods One hundred and sixty－eight eligible patients were recruited in the study. Patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and non－cognitive disorder group according to MMSE. General clinical data, severity of the stroke, location and extent of infarction, characteristics of epileptic seizures were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the independent risk factors of EPASS related cognitive impairment. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe stroke (OR=4.386, P=0.006), cortical infarction (OR=6.430, P=0.012), general tonic clonic seizure (OR=8.189, P=0.004), seizure frequency≥1 time per day (OR=12.818, P＜0.001) were the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in EPASS. Conclusions Patients with moderate to severe stroke, cortical infarction, general tonic clonic seizure and seizure frequency≥1 time per day may have a higher risk of cognitive impairment.

Objective To study the effect of citicoline on mild cognitive impairment MCI) in pa tients with middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS).Methods Eighty-six MCAS patients with MCI were divided into citicoline group (n=44) and control group (n=42).The patients in citicoline group were treated with citicoline (0.2 g,3 times a day) for 6 months on the basis of conventional treatment.Cerebrovascular reserve,PI,BHI and Vm between the two groups were compared by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography after treatment.MCI between the two groups was assessed according to the MoCA after treatment.Results The rate of cerebrovascular reserve,PI,BHI and Vm were significantly higher in citicoline group than in control group (13.59％± 1.16％ vs 7.61％±1.12％,P＜0.01;0.51±0.16 vs 0.58±0.12,P＜0.05;1.36±0.08 vs 0.74±0.11,P＜ 0.01;32.63％ ±2.32％ vs 16.92％ ± 1.68％,P＜0.05).The total MoCA score,attention,language,visuospatial and executive function,abstract,naming,orientation and memory were significantly higher in citicoline group than in control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Early citicoline treatment can improve cerebrovascular reserve and alleviate MCI in MCAS patients.