Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical management for severe injury of the pancreas. Method Fourteen patients with transected or derogated pancreatic trauma from January 1986 to December 1998 were reviewed. Result The mean age was 31 years.Injury was on the body and tail of the pancreas in 5 cases, on the neck in 6,and on the head in 3. Eleven patients suffered from compound injuries of the adjacent organs .Preoperative diagnosis was made in only 4 patients,diagnosis was achieved during first laparotomy in 9 patients ,and in second look in 1 patient.The operative procedure involved distal pancreatectomy in 5,proximal pancreatorrhaphy and distal pancreatojejunostomy in 5,head resection and distal pancreatojejunostomy in 3, and simple external drainage in 1.Fistula developed in 5 cases and perioperative mortality was 3/14.Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis for pancreas injury is difficult,and in most cases diagnosis can only be established during exploration.An appropriate operative procedure reduces the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic injuries.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) detection in HBV-related liver cancer.Methods Totally 362 cases of patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014 in our hospital,including 88 cases of chronic hepatitis B,94 cases of HBV-related liver cirhosis,18 cases of HBV-related liver cancer (without cirrhosis) and 162 cases of liver cirrhosis merged cancer.At the same time,45 cases of healthy people were selected for normal control.The serum Apo A-1,AFP and other laboratory markers were detected,and the test results were statistically analyzed.Results The difference of Serum Apo A-1 and AFP levels in all groups was statistically significant (F =29.86,x2 =112.53,P =0.000).As the disease progressed,the serum levels of Apo A-1 gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).But the difference of Apo A-1 level between normal control and HBV-related liver cancer group (without cirrhosis),chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis merged cancer group,liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis merged cancer group was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The liver cancer patients with Child-Pugh score A,B,C had different serum Apo A-1 levels (all P ＜ 0.05);The serum Apo A-1 level of liver cancer patients with Child-Pugh score A was significantly higher than that of liver cirrhosis (t =-3.02,P =0.003),but the differences of serum Apo A-1 levels between liver cancer and liver cirrhosis patients with Child-Pugh score B and C were not statistically significant (t =0.52,1.19,P =0.610,0.240).The serum Apo A-1 levels of liver cancer patients with TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those with TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ (t =3.85,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The serum Apo A-1 levels of HBV-related liver cancer patients are related with cirrhosis,Child-Pugh score and TNM stage,and the liver reserve function,the body's stress response and many other factors may contribute to the expression of serum Apo A-1.

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The plateau personal physiological parameters monitor can be applied to casualty rescue at peacetime and wartime and trainings of troops in the plateau. With the function of telemering, the monitor can give realtime data of O2Sat, pulse and temperature when the subject is in an environment such as the plateau or the one of high and cold.

Objective To build finite-element models of cerebral hemorrhage on which a simulation study of electrical impedance tomography(EIT) is based.Method With a kind of four-layer concentric circle model of head,finite-element method and dynamic NOSER algorithm are performed to reconstruct the images.Result As to the single-focus model of the cerebral hemorrhage,the focus can be clearly imaged,while to the several-focus model,the focuses can be imaged with vaguely adjacent boundaries.Conclusion The dynamic NOSER algorithm is an effective method to image cerebral hemorrhage in EIT.

Accurate area assessment of a burn injury and its treatment according to its depth of injury are the foundation of burn treatment due to its complexity, and various techniques and methods have been employed to solve these problems for many years. As the demand of modern medicine calls for individualized and precise therapeutic measures, it is clear that the traditional diagnostic and treatment measures are insufficient. The flourishing development of three-dimensional (3D) technology seems to provide new research approaches and technical opporturities for burn surgery. A series of techniques such as 3D model, 3D scanning, and 3D printing may be promising in advancing burn surgery through basic research to achieve rational clinical applications in the future. In this paper, the applications and achievements of 3D technology in burn surgery in recent years are summarized.
Body Surface Area ; Burns ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted

Objective To investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene mutations related to entecavir (ETV)-resistance in patients with chronic HBV infections.Methods Serum samples were collected from 44 patients with chronic HBV infections and resistant to ETV treatment who were admitted in Ningbo No.2 Hospital during February 2010 and May 2014.The HBV polymerase regions were amplified by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method,and the PCR products were analyzed with direct sequencing.SPSS 16.0 was used to assess the frequency of HBV polymerase gene mutations,and its relation to the viral genotype and clinical features.Results The most common HBV polymerase gene mutation was rtS202G/I (52.28％,23/44),followed by rtT184A/G/I/S (36.36％,16/44) and rtM250V/L (11.36％,5/44).Nine mutation patterns were detected,in which rtL180 + rtM204V + rtS202G/I (38.64％,17/44) and rtL180 +rtM204V + rtT184A/G/I/S (27.27％,12/44) were the most frequent ones.The difference in gene mutations between genotype B and C was of statistical significance (x2=12.294,P ＜0.01).Patients carrying rtT184A/G/I/S mutations were associated with worse liver function (x2 =14.499,P ＜ 0.01),and those carrying rtM250V/L mutations were associated with lower HBeAg positive rate (x2 =10.057,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions rtL180M + rtM204V + rtS202G/I is the most common HBV polymerase gene mutation related to ETV resistance in patients with chronic HBV infections.Different gene mutations may be associated with HBV genotypes,severity of liver damages,and HBeAg positive rate.

0.05).Compared with control group,the GK activity of liver cell,the expression of PEPCK and the expression of GLUT4 in model group decreased signifi cantly(P

Objectives:To investigate the effect of early EN on mucosal structure and absorption function of allograft after living-related small bowel transplantation.　Methods:Early enteral nutrition was used.The image analysis,D-xylose absorbtion test and blood culture were used to measure the villus height and area,D-xylose absorption and bacterial translocation in blood.　Results:The morphometric examination showed that villus height and villus area were decreased on the 7th postoperative day,began to increase on the 12th day after transplantation and had been the 80% of normal level.The percentage of D-xylose absorption was gradually increased and reached the normal level on the postoperative 38th day.Postoperative blood cultures were always negative.　Conclusions:Early EN support can improve the mucosal structure and absorption function of small bowel allograft after living-related small bowel transplantation.

Based on the rankings of the best undergraduate/graduate biomedical engineering programs from the USA News & World Report, we have made a comprehensive analysis on the excellent education mode in USA 2002. It is hoped that the results as reference materials will be useful to our biomedical education at home.
Biomedical Engineering ; education ; Education, Graduate ; Humans ; Teaching ; United States