Objective To evaluate the pattern of development of fetal cerebral sulei by prenatal ultrasound and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty hundred and ninety-two fetuses at age from 17 to 40 weeks were observed for the development and depth of cerebral sulci (parietal-occipital sulcus, calcarine suleus, central sulcus, eingulate sulcus, cingulate gyrus, and sylvian fissure) by transabdominal ultrasonography. Results Parietal-occipital sulcus,calcarine sulcus,and sylvian fissure were visible at about 19 weeks of gestation, central sulcus was at about 25 weeks, cingulate sulcus and cingulate gyrus were at about 26 weeks. One case of them was considered as cerebral sulei growth retardation due to the signs of invisible parietal-occipital sulcus and sylvian fissure at 24 weeks of gestation. Two cases were considered as cerebral sulci growth retardation due to the signs of invisible parietal occipital sulcus and central sulcus and the shallow blunt shape of sylvian fissure at 29 weeks of gestation. There were positive correlations between the depths of fetal cerebral sulci and gestational weeks, and negative correlations between their relative depths and gestational weeks(all P <0.05), Conclusions Transabdominal ultrasonography can be use to observe the development of fetal cerebral sulci (parietal-occipital sulcus, calcarine sulcus, central sulcus, eingulate sulcus,cingulate gyrus,and sylvian fissure). The depth of cerebral sulci is relative to gestational weeks,and would be considered for prenatal assessment of cerebral sulci maldevelopment, such as cerebral sulci growth retardation and lissencephalia.

Objective To detect the normal values of fetal cerebellar vermis using transabdominal ultrasonography and assess its clinical significance in the diagnosis of vermal hypoplasia(agenesis). Methods A total of 111 fetuses were evaluated by transabdominal sonography between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation.The mid-sagittal antero-posterior(AP) and cranio-caudal(CC) vermian diameters were measured. A second group of 15 fetuses with cisterns magna were assessed and compared with the value of normal fetuses.0.05) and correlated linearly with gestational age ( AP = - 5.406 + 0. 761 GA, r = 0.97 ; CC = - 5.795 +fissure, second fissure and fastigium may help identify developmental anomalies. Conclusions Transabdominal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in the study of fetal vermis during the second half of pregnancy.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of isosorbide 5 mononitrate(5 ISMN)sustained release capsules in 12 male healthy volunteers. Methods: A capillary gas chromatography method with electron captured detector was established for the determination of 5 ISMN in plasma, after administrating a daily dose of 40 mg 5 ISMN domestic and imported sustained release capsules in a randomized crossover design.The fluctuation of 5 ISMN valley concentrations observed and the steady state pharmacokinetics was characterized in a multiple dose schedule of 40 mg 5 ISMN sustained release capsules.Results:The steady state of 5 ISMN plasma concentrations reached at the fourth oral administration.The steady state pharmacokinetic parameters after multiple oral dose of 40 mg 5 ISMN domestic and imported sustained release capsules were as follows: t max were (4.8?0.6) and (4.8?0.9) h, c max were (802.46?94.45) and (807.09?109.16) ?g/L, c min were (127.83?23.76) and (121.85?22.00) ?g/L, AUC ss were (8 114.7?1 393.4) and (8 174.8?1 219.7) ?g?h/L, c av were (338.12?58.06) and (340.62?50.82) ?g/L,the degree of fluctuation (DF) were (2.04?0.39) and (2.03?0.33), respectively. Conclusion:The relative bioavailability of multiple oral dose of 40 mg domestic 5 ISMN sustained release capsules is (99.07?5.45)%, there are no significant differences in the main steady state pharmacokinetic parameters between domestic and imported sustained release capsules, and so the 2 capsules are bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the the effects of chronic intrauterine hypoxia on intimal-media thickening(IMT) and strain rate(SR) in abdominal aorta of male offspring rabbits during adult age.Methods Sixten New-Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly to 2 groups: chronic intrauterine hypoxia group (CIH, 12% O_2, n = 8) and normal oxygen group (NO,21%O_2, n = 8).After delivery,2 male offspring rabbits per litter were selected and breast-fed for 3 months, randomly divided into high-fat diet and normal diet groups.Finally, there were 4 groups in this experiment:chronic intrauterine hypoxia with high fat diet (CIH + HFD, n = 8) ,non-chronic intrauterine hypoxia with high fat diet (NCIH + HFD, n = 8),chronic intrauterine hypoxia with normal diet (CIH + ND, n = 8) and normal control (NC, n = 8).At sixth months of age, Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were assayed.SR in the abdominal aorta of male offspring rabbits was evaluated by ultrasonography.Then, abdominal aorta was taken out and observed by electron microscope and IMT was measured.Results CIH increased the levels of TC and TG (P < 0.01), thickened the IMT (P<0.05) and decreased the SR(P<0.05) of abdominal aorta of male offspring rabbits during adult age.There were relevant pathological changes in different groups.All these above-mentioned profiles were aggravated significantly after feeding high fat diet (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions CIH increased the IMT and decreased the SR of abdominal aorta of male offspring rabbits during adult age.

Objective To investigate the application value of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography(3D-PDU) for synovial disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods Forty four patients with RA were divided into active (23 cases) and non-active (21 cases) groups. 3D-PDU was used in the wrists to measure the volume of synovium(V) ,vascular index(VI) in synovium.and Doppler spectrum was used to measure synovial artery peak systolic blood flow velocity(PSV) , end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index(RI). Results There were significant differences of the V [(1. 73 0. 73) cm3] and VI (9. 53 6. 11) in the group of active patients compared to the V [(1. 09 0. 76) cm3 , P = 0. 008] and VI [(3.86 4.99), P = 0.000] in the ones of inactive patients. No differences were found for PSV [(16. 8 6. 29) cm/s vs (13. 5 8. 54) cm/s, P = 0. 282] ,EDV [(5. 51 1.77) cm/s vs (5. 03 2. 76) cm/s, P = 0. 539] and RI (0. 66 0. 07 vs 0. 62 0. 08, P = 0. 095)in the comparison of two groups. Conclusions 3D-PDU in determining RA disease activity in patients with synovial medium has a higher application value, VI can be used as an effective indicator to determine the disease activity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of shoulder abnormality among patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsShoulders of 41 RA patients and 20 healthy volunteers were examined by high frequency ultrasound and physicians.Abnormal ultrasonography and clinical appearance were recorded.Results Abnormalities,such as tendonitis of long head of biceps tendon(14 shoulders),synovitis ( 15 shoulders),rotate cuff degeneration (6 shoulders),bone erosion (25 shoulders) and joint effusion(10 shoulders),were found in RA patients and only 16 shoulders were found abnormal by clinical examination.The positive rate of ultrasound (43.9％) was significantly higher than that of clinical examination (19.5％,P =0.001 ).Only a small amount of effusion was found in tendon sheathes of 2 biceps in the control group.ConclusionsMost of shoulder abnormalities can be detected by ultrasound and the sensitivity of ultrasound is higher than that of clinical examination.Ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis of shoulder RA.

AIM:To investigate the effect of curcumin derivatives B06(B06) on the synthesis of testosterone from type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into 5 groups randomly: normal control group (C group), high fat group (H group), high fat treatment group (HT group), diabetes mellitus group (D group) and diabetes treatment group ( DT group) .The rats in the later 4 groups were fed with high fat diet, after 4 weeks of high fat diet feeding, the rats from D group and DT group were injected with low dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes mellitus, while the rats in HT group and DT group were gavaged with B06 at the dose of 0.2 mg· kg-1 · d-1 for 8 weeks.The blood glucose was detected by glucometer, blood insulin was assayed by ELISA and the insulin resist-ance index was calculated.The morphology of testes were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy.Serum testosterone and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay.The protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory pro-tein ( StAR) was detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expression of StAR, cholesterol side-chain cleavage en-zyme (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17A1 (P450c17), cytochrome P450 aromatizing enzyme (P450arom), 3β-hydroxyste-roid dehydrogenase ( HSD) and 17β-HSD was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:The levels of blood glucose and insulin resistance index were increased in H group and D group, and serum testosterone was decreased, all of which were reversed after the treatment of B06.Testicular seminiferous tubule was distorted, spermatogenic cells were dropped in H group and D group.In addition, leydig cells were found to have swelling mitochondria in H group and D group, endoplasmic reticu-lum was reduced, and there was karyopyknosis accompany with sparse chromatin, all of which were ameliorated by B06. The protein expression of StAR was decreased in D group.The mRNA expression of StAR and P450scc was decreased in H group and D group, all of which were increased in B06 treatment group.There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of P450c17, P450arom, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD.CONCLUSION: B06 may increase serum testosterone and relieve the damage of testes from type 2 diabetic rats.B06 improves metabolic disorder by up-regulating mRNA expression of StAR and P450scc.

Objective To explore the change of Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in artial septal defect(ASD) patients and the relationship among BNP,ET-1 and pulmonary pressure.Methods 105 final diagnosed ASD patients were divide into non-pulmonary hypertension group (nPH group) and pulmonary hypertension group(PH group),and the PH group were divided into two subgroup:slight PH group,moderate and sever PH group.According to the altitude of habitation,105 ASD patients also were divided into 3 groups:＜ 2 500 m group,2 501-3 500 m group and ＞ 3 500 m group.Plasma BNP were measured by radioimmunity method and ET-1 were measured by ELISA.The data analysis used single factor analysis and Fisher least singnificant difference t test.Results Both the plasma BNP levels (152.34 ± 40.61) pg/ml and ET-1 level (137.69 ± 37.17) pg/ml of the ASD-PH group were significantly higher than those [BNP (126.70 ± 32.27) pg/ml,ET-1 (92.92 ± 32.3) pg/ml] of ASD-nPH group.There were strong difference in plasma BNP levels and ET-1 levels among different degree PH groups(F =6.782,P ＜ 0.05 ; F =8.475,P ＜ 0.05).Statistical difference were also shown in BNP(F =6.846,P ＜ 0.05) and ET-1 (F =9.327,P ＜ 0.05) levels by compared difference altitude groups.The BNP levels are positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r =0.326,P ＜ 0.05),size of defect (r=0.301,P＜0.05) and the altitude of habitation (r =0.252,P＜0.05).Conclusion Plasma BNPand ET-1 levelsof ASD-PH group significantly higher than those of ASD-nPH group.By the increasing of the altitude and PH degree,the plasma BNP and ET-1 levels are increasing,which suggest that BNP and ET-1 play an important role on the proceeding and development of the PH and hypoxia promoted secretion of BNP and ET-1.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of the hip fractures of the inpatients so as to provide a scientific basis for strategic study on the prevention and treatment of the hip fractures. Methods The study involved 448 patients (217 males and 231 females) with hip fractures admitted to the Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University from January 2004 to December 2009. The characteristics, injury time and causes, fracture types and treatment approaches were collected and reviewed retrospectively. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results There were significant differences in distribution of the hip fractures in terms of age, cause, gender and treatment approach (P ＜ 0.05 ). Patients with age ≥60 years accounted for 68.8%. Slip was the leading cause of the hip fracture ( 69.6% ). As for gender distribution, femoral neck fractures usually occurred in the females while intertrochanteric hip fractures in the males. Surgery was the predominant management approaches,accounting for 83.1%. Conclusion The distribution of the hip fractures of the inpatients has unique characteristics in aspects of individual character, injury cause injury site and treatment approach, which is worthy of further strategic study on prevention and treatment of the hip fractures.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of external fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis in treatment of vertically unstable pelvic fractures. Methods From January 2008 to March 2009, 9 patients (4 males and 5 females) with a vertically unstable pelvic fracture were treated with modular external fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis. According to the classification of Tile, 9fractures were classified as type C. This fixation construct comprises a vertical lumbopelvic distraction component which fixed L4.5 and the posterior superior iliac spine and a transverse fixation which fixed anterior iliac spine with external fixator. Results All patients were followed up 12-18 months after surgery, with an average of 14.3 months. Postoperative X-ray showed satisfactory reduction of pelvic fracture. Pelvic fractures healed in all patients without loss of reduction 3-6 months after operation. According to Matta reduction evaluation criteria, 6 patients were excellent and 3 good. For the two patients with sacral neurological injuries,appropriate surgical decompression was performed to improve the symptom and minimize the deformity. No iatrogenic complications of neurovascular injury occurred. Patients now walk unassistedly without pain in the waist or legs, and with no shortening of lower limbs or claudication. By considering symptom and satisfactory scores, the Majeed functional assessment revealed that seven patients had excellent results and two good at one year. Conclusion External fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis that allowed early mobilization and ambulation, with general applicability and definite safety, is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of vertically unstable pelvic fracture.