Objective To determine the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the signal transduction pathway of cigarette smoke-induced airway mucous hypersecretion. Methods The well cultured BEAS-2B airway epithelial cells were incubated with different concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE),also some cells were preincubated with MMP-9 inhibitorⅠbefore CSE or exogenous epidermal growth factor(EGF) was added. The mucin(MUC)5AC mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR,MMP-9 and the phosphorylated EGFR(p-EGFR) protein production was assayed by western blot,MUC5AC protein and EGF protein were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively,and gelatin zymography was used to determine the activity of MMP-9. Results Incubation of BEAS-2B cells with CSE up-regulated MUC5AC gene expression and protein production in a dose dependent manner (P0.05). Conclusion CSE stimulates the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-9 protein,causing the shedding of the EGF and leading to EGFR activation. This activation of EGFR downstream signaling pathway increases MUC5AC gene expression and mucin production.

The secondary mental disorder is one of the complications of senile cerebrovascular disease, the medication is different from generic mental disorder. This article summarized the medication of elder patients with secondary mental disorder.

Objective To observe the effect of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) on tissue perfusion,microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in patients with septic shock.Methods A prospective observational study was carried out in 69 patients with early septic shock within 24 hours.The eligible patients were treated with the standard procedure of EGDT.The partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) was monitored and the changes of hemodynamic data,tissue oxygen,microcirculation before and after reaching the criteria of EGDT were recorded.Results Compared with that before treatment,PtcO2,tissue oxygenation index (PtcO2/FiO2) after EGDT was increased [(78.1 ± 30.8) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(62.8 ± 24.1) mmHg and (141.7 ± 78.3) mmHg vs.(110.8 ± 60.5) mmHg],PtcCO2 and percutaneous arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference was decreased[(29.0 ±4.1) mmHg vs.(39.1 ±6.4) mmHg and (1.4 ±0.5) mmHg vs.(1.7 ±0.8) mmHg],there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in PtcO2,PtcO2/FiO2,PtcCO2,central venous blood oxygen saturation,lactic acid,oxygen and oxygen consumption (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion EGDT can improve local tissue perfusion and microcirculation in patients with septic shock,body tissue perfusion index before and after EGDT may not be able to reflect the local tissue perfusion.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect between mini laparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC) and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods Using random number table method to divide the patients into conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (30 cases) and mini laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (27 cases).Compared the operation time,bleeding volume,VAS score,postoperative hospital stay,complications.Results No conversion to laparotomy and serious complications,but each group has 6 cases from the three holes increase to four holes,and 4 cases of MLC group were converted to traditional LC.MLC group and LC group,average operation time (57.5 ± 17) min and (50 ± 15) min (P ＞ 0.05);the average postoperative hospital stay was (2.5 ± 1.4) d and (3.1 ± 1.5) d (P ＞ 0.05);postoperative pain degree of MLC group of 6 h and 12 hrespectively (4.8±2.6) and (3.5±1.1),LC group were (5.5 ±2.7) and (5.0±2.1) points (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Postoperative pain of MLC is lighter than LC,in appropriate cases,is a safe and effective treatment method.

Objective To discuss the therapy of cholelithiasis complicated with cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH).Method In this study,clinical data were reviewed on 108 cases with cholelithiasis complicated with hepatic cirrhosis,including 78 cases who underwent surgery.Results Open cholecystectomy,subtotal cholecystectomy,laparoscopic cholecystectomy,open cholecystectomy plus spleectomy,splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization before biliary duct operation,leftlateral hepatectomy with biliary duct operation,and hepatic portal bile duct anaplasty with Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy.10 patients received endoscopic treatment and 20 were treated conservatively.Results 73 patients were cured,with a cure rate of 67.6％; 32 patients were doing well (29.7％);3 patients died (2.8％) of massive hemorrhage and hepatic failure.The operative complications included ascites,jaundice,hemorrhage and hepatic insufficiency.Conclusions Before operation,the conditions of the patient should be accurately evaluated and a correct operative treatment option should be selected.Child C grade patients should be contraindicated for any surgery.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) can rapidly hydrolize and oxidize the oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules produced in low density lipoprotein and atherogenic lipoprotein (a),generating the soluble proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediatorslyso-phosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids.It stimulates aggregation and activation of monocyte-macrophage system and induces apoptosis and damages the removal of dead cells.It plays an important role in the development of lipid necrotic core of atherosclerosis.Lp-PLA2 is not an independent risk marker of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke,but also plays an important role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.Selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor reduces the development of necrotic cores.It may play a role in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.At the same time,it may represent a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Object To study the effects of gypenosides on MAO and Na/K ATPase activities in brain tissues of aging mice Methods Models of aging mice were prepared by continuous post orbitol injection of 120 mg/kg D galactose for a month, then the effects of gypenosides on MAO and Na/K ATPase activities in brain tissues were investigated Results It was observed that MAO activity was increased and Na/K ATPase activity was decreased in brain tissues of aging mice models significantly; and these effects were reversible respectively by gypenosides ig of 75 and 150 mg/kg Conclusion The result that gypenosides could invert the changes of MAO and Na/K ATPase activities in brain tissues of aging mice, may provide a further explaination of the anti aging mechanism of gypenosides in molecule enzymology

Objective To study the expression of protein and mRNA of caspase-3 during hepatocyte apoptosis in the mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Methods Liver damage was induced by tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in D-galactosamine (GalN) sensitized BALB/c mice. Hepatocyte apoptosis was examined by electric microscopy, in site end labeling (ISEL) and DNA electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel. The expression of protein and mRNA of caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results After 1.5 h, 3.5 h, 6 h, and 9 h of administration of GalN and TNF-?, rates of hepatocyte apoptosis were found to be 0.0%, 0.3%, 3.15% and 3.19% respectively. The rates of caspase-3 positive hepatocytes were 0.7%, 4.6% , 17.8% and 24.2% respectively. The relative expressive density of caspase-3 mRNA were 0.26%, 0.29%, 0.41% and 0.38% respectively. Conclusions The expression of caspase-3 is up regulated in the TNF-? induced FHF model and may trigger hepatocyte apoptosis and finally lead to FHF.

Aim To study the effects of luteolin on the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA in rats with pulmonary fibrosis, and elaborate the molecular mechanism of luteolin in pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Methods The model of pulmonary fibrosis was established through instilling bleomycin intratracheally. After luteolin treatment, the pulmonary index and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) were observed. The levels of TGF-?1 mRNA in pulmonary tissues were determined with RT-PCR. Results The pulmonary index and the content of HYP decreased markedly in pulmonary fibrosis rats treated with luteolin. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited evidently the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA in lung tissues with pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion The molecular mechanism of luteolin in pulmonary fibrosis therapy was associated with inhibition of the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA.

Objective To study the protective effects of estrogen on function of learning-memory and the neuron of hippocampus in the ovariectomized(OVX) rat model.Methods Estrogen 200 ?g/kg was injected into rats twice a weak followed the OVX rat models were estestablished(OVX+E2 group).The function of learning-memory was tested by Morris water maze;the tau hyperphosphorylation was detected by immunohistochemistry staining;the pathological changes of hippocampus was observed by HE staining and Bielschowski staining.Results Compared with OVX group,the function of learning-memory of Morris water maze in OVX+E2 group were significant improved(all P