Objective To establish the prevalence of renal involvement in a large group of patients with type 2 diabetes and evaluate several risk factors of early stages and advanced stages of albuminuria. Methods Five hundred and sixty-six patients(265 males, mean age:57.8?13.3 years, diabetes duration 8.35?6.4 years;301 females, mean age:60.0?12.4 years, diabetes duration 9.9?7.3 years) from the endocrinology unit of Beijing Tongren hospital were included in this study. Urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),age ,diabetes duration, arterial blood pressure, body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR),fasting blood glucose(FBG),HbA1c,lipid profile were evaluated. Results The prevalence of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria was 24.6% and 16.8% respectively. On logistic regression analysis, using the presence or absence of microalbuminuria as dependent variable, arterial blood pressure and, fasting blood glucose were included in the model in both males and females. When analyzing patients with microalbuminuria vs those with macroalbuminuria, in females, arterial blood pressure and triglycerides were included in the model. In males, only blood pressure was included in the mole. Conclusions High fasting blood glucose and arterial blood pressure were independent risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients .High arterial blood pressure and disorder in lipid profile were independently associated with macroalbuminuria.

Objective To evaluate the application of domestic probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in prenatal diagnosis on uncultured amniocytes aneuploid. Methods One thousand three hundred and sixty-nine uncultured amniocytes (16-24 gestational weeks) from 37 hospitals in China were selected for prenatal diagnosis. 5 chromosomes (21, 13, 18, X and Y) were detected with muhicolor FISH. In the mean time, cytogenetic karyotype analysis was performed as control. Results Of all the samples, 1361 samples were successfully tested by FISH, the rate of successful detection was 99.42% (1361/1369). Thirty-five samples were shown with abnormal karyotypes by domestic FISH probe, the abnormal rate is 2. 57% (35/1361 ), including trisomy 21 (22 samples), trisomy 13 (4 samples), trisomy 18(6 samples), X0 (1 sample) and XXY (2 samples). Results of both FISH and cytogenetic karyotype analysis exhibited extreme concordance. Conclusion Domestic FISH probe used in prenatal diagnosis on uncultured aminiocytes showed the following advantages, such as highly efficient, low cost, small amounts of samples needed and reliable results.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathologic features of non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma (NHL) patients seen in our hospital in the recent ten years and to discuss the relationship between clinical data and the prognostic factors. Methods: The clinical and pathological features of 1,012 NHL cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The main pathological subtypes included 346 (34.1%) cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 185 (18.3%) cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), 97 (9.6%) cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 94 (9.3%) cases of extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 62 (6.1%) cases of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and 47 (4.6%) cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. There were 619 (61.2%) cases classified as nodal lymphoma and 393 (38.8%) cases classified as extranodal lymphoma. For the whole group, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 45.8%. The univariate analysis showed that the clinical stage, performance status (PS), B-symptom, age, tumor size, the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, the number of extranodal involvement and IPI were correlated with prognosis of NHL(P＜0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the source of T cells, Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stage, IPI (3～5) and increased LDH were correlated with poor prognosis (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of NHL in middle-aged people is relatively higher. Extranodal lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma are more frequent in Xinjiang. Immunophenotypes, clinical stages, IPI and the level of LDH expression are closely correlated with prognosis of NHL.

Objective To eveluate the clinical curative effects of combination of Ma Yinglong She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao,Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi Xan,Diosmin,Macrogol 4000 powder in treating postoperative complications of ring mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Ninty cases of postoperative ring mixed hemorrhoids patients were divided into two groups randomly from January 2008 to June 2009.Experimental group:From the first day on Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi San 55 g and the 1000 mL boiling water were added flushing,and Maying Long She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao 2.5 g,2 times daily.The Macrogol 4000 powder 10 g and water 200 mL were admistrated orally,Diosmin 1.0 g orally,2 times daily.Oral administration of two kinds of medications was done each two hours.Control group:Using 1:100 Sterile warm salt water hip bath,and Ma Yinglong she xiang zhi chuang gao 2.5 g,2 times daily;Phenolphthalein tablets 100 mg orally,2 times daily.Results The experimental group surpassed the control group in the anus ache,the hemorrhage,edema (P<0.05).The heal time reduced obviously(P<0.01).Conclusion To combination of Ma Yinglong She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao,Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi San,Diosmin,Macrogol 4000 powder has the distinct improvement in the anus ache,the hemorrhage,dropsy of ring mixed hemorrhoids and reduces the injured area heal time obviously.

BACKGROUND: Accuracy and repeatability of bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been a difficult point in surgery. As a new navigation technology, electromagnetic navigation system can realize three-dimensional positioning in application, hoping to make up for the mistakes made by surgeons. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a new electromagnetic navigation system in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Totally 30 cases of fresh frozen knee joint were treated with anterior cruciate ligament amputation to prepare knee joint specimens with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. They were randomly divided into two groups, using magnetic channel navigation combined with arthroscopy (navigation group) and traditional arthroscopy (control group). Postoperative lateral radiography of knee joint was performed to observe the exit position of bone tunnel in two groups, to measure the position of the middle of the tibial tunnel on the tibial plateau, to measure the a angle between the Blumensaat line and the axis of the tibial tunnel, and to measure the position of the femoral tunnel on the Blumensaat line. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the navigation group, the lateral X-ray radiographs of knee joint extension showed that the front edge of all tibial tunnels was slightly behind of Blumensaat line, avoiding intercondylar collision. In control group, two cases were located slightly ahead of Blumensaat line. (2) The distance (a) between the Blumensaat line at the level of tibial plateau and the front edge of the tibial tunnel, the ratio of a to width of tibial plateau anteroposterior diameter (c) and alpha angles of tibial tunnel were smaller in the navigation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). This increased the accuracy of tibial tunnel positioning. (3) There was no significant difference in the location of the tibial tunnel between the two groups (P=0.323). However, the range of the central position of the tunnel (38.1 %-53.8%) was slightly lower in the navigation group than that in the control group (30.4%-56.4%). The range of a distance (0.1-3.2 mm) in the navigation group was smaller than that in the control group (-2.1-5.7 mm), and the location of bone marrow tract was more stringent, which increased the repeatability of location tibial tunnel. (4) The position of femoral tunnel was in the position of the posterior upper quadrant (4/4) in all navigation groups and in 13 cases of the control group. The position of femoral tunnel in the navigation group was more backward compared with the control group (P=0.001). The femoral tunnel in the navigation group could ensure the stability of the knee. (5) In the cadaveric knee joint experiment, magnetic navigation technology can be used to assist the location of bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, increase the accuracy and repeatability of bone tunnel, but there are still artificial and magnetic channel navigation system errors, which still need to be improved in clinical application.

Objective:To study whether early leukocytosis after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) requires further workup to exclude infection by observing changes in peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count after TJA.Methods:This study included the 294 patients (infection-free group) who had undergone primary hip or knee TJA from June 2019 to June 2020 but reported no periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) within one month after surgery and the 31 patients (infection group) who had undergone the same TJA but reported infection within one month after surgery from May 2012 to June 2020 at Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Xinjiang Medical University. Peripheral blood WBC counts were measured and recorded before surgery and 1 to 5 days after surgery. Differences were compared between time points and multiple linear regression analysis was used to screen the factors associated with early postoperative leukocytosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of WBC for early PJI.Results:The peripheral WBC level in the infection-free group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. It reached the peak on day 2 after surgery, increasing by 8.08×10 9/L±2.33×10 9/L compared to pre-surgery, and then began to decrease to a level slightly higher than the preoperative value on day 5 after surgery. The changes in WBC count in the first 2 days after surgery ranged from 6.24×10 9/L to 26.32×10 9/L. The incidence of leukocytosis in the first 5 days after surgery was 95.6% (281/294). The factors associated with postoperative leukocytosis included preoperative WBC count and bilateral surgery. For every increase of 1.00×10 9/L in preoperative WBC count, the postoperative WBC value increased by an average of 0.98×10 9/L [ β=0.984, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.821-1.148, P<0.001]. The postoperative WBC count in the patients undergoing bilateral surgery increased by an average of 1.03×10 9/L compared with that in the patients undergoing unilateral surgery ( β=1.026, 95% CI: 0.565-1.486, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of early PJI by absolute WBC count difference (the absolute difference between the maximum postoperative WBC value and the baseline) was 0.655 (95% CI: 0.546-0.764, P<0.05), providing a threshold of 7.96×10 9/L, a sensitivity of 57.5% and a specificity of 74.2%. Conclusions:Leukocytosis is a common phenomenon after TJA, indicating a normal physiological response to surgery. The preoperative WBC count is a predictor for postoperative leukocytosis. In the absence of abnormal clinical symptoms or signs, there is no need for further workup to check infection if the postoperative WBC does not deviate from its changing range and trend.

Objective To observe bone formation of compound of autologous periosteum cells plus calcium alginate gelatin in animal body and investigate the best mixing ratio of the two components.Methods A total of 96 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (Groups A,B,C,D,E and control group).The excised bilateral periostea from rabbits in each experimental group were all made into 0.4 ml cell suspensions.The compounds were prepared by blending 0.4 ml calcium alginate gelatin with 1,1/4,1/16,1/64 and 1/256 of the periosteum cell suspension respectively,and then were applied to autologous right radial defect area.Gross observation,X-ray examination and histological study were carried out at 2,4,8,12 weeks postoperatively.Levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum calcium were determined as well.Results The compounds containing periosteum cell suspension with cell counts of 1/4 or 1/16 and calcium alginate gelatin reached the best osteogenesis.Conclusion Compound of autologous periosteum cell suspension-calcium alginate gelatin induces obvious bone formation and is worthy of clinical application,for it has advantages of satisfactory bone defect repair and easy operation.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and postoperative complications of arthrotomy and arthroscopy in repair of 170 menisci in 168 cases.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with meniscus injury were repaired by arthrotomy or arthroscopy.They were 121 males and 47 females.There were 77 left knees and 91 right knees;117 medial menisci and 53 lateral ones.Their average age was 25.5?8.4 years old.Arthro- scopic repair methods included puncture and grinding,bio-absorbable meniscus arrow fixation,Outside-In suturing, Inside-Out suturing,Elite scuff instrument repairing,T-Fix fixation and FasT-Fix fixation techniques.The clinical results were assessed on the basis of symptoms,physical signs,Tegner scores and Lysholm scores of the cases. Postoperative complications were also investigated.Re-arthroscopic exploration was done for patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs.Results The average folluw-up time was 49.3?28.8 months.Their mean pre- operative Tegner score was 3.3?2.3,and their postoperative one 6.8?2.1 (P＜0.05).Their preoperative Lysholm score was 30.1?18.2,and their postoperative one 87.5?22.5 (P＜0.01).There were significant differences in Tegner and Lysholm scores before operation and after operation.Ninety-eight repaired menisci were rated as excellent(57.7%),57 as good (33.5%),10 as fair (5.9%),and five as poor (2.9%).The total ex- cellent and good result was 91.2%.Of the 19 patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs,re-arthroscopic exploration found no healing in five and partial healing in six.Postoperative complications included pain at the Outside-In suture nodes in three cases,referred pain at posterior articular capsule resulted from failed Outside-In meniscus anterior horn suturing in one case,and twinge at the meniscus arrow site in the posterior capsule in five cases.No serious lesion occurred at blood vessels or nerves.The postoperative complication incidence was 5.3%. Conclusion The eight methods of arthrotomy and arthroscopy to repair injured menisci investigated in our study can have a high successful rate and low perioperative and postoperative risk.

OBJECTIVETo establish a new diagnostic method for Down's syndrome using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

METHODSDNA extracted from five healthy individuals and five Down's syndrome patients was amplified in six specific tetranucleotide repeat loci on chromosome 21 using PCR. An accurate diagnosis was made by analyzing allelic distribution at each locus.

RESULTSAll Down's syndrome patients were identified as having at least two loci with three alleles, while none of the healthy individuals had three alleles. In addition, when two alleles were identified for a particular locus in the Down's syndrome samples, it was more likely that the intensity ratio between the two alleles was close to 2:1.

CONCLUSIONThe molecular method can provide a fast, accurate, and economical alternation for the traditional cytogenetic diagnostic method for Down's syndrome.

Cytogenetic Analysis ; methods ; Down Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of blood viscosity and external thrombus in patients with silicosis and silicosis complicated with tuberculosis (TB).

METHODBlood viscosity and external thrombus were measured in 288 patients with silicosis, 178 patients with silicosis complicated by TB and 150 healthy subjects.

RESULTSBlood viscosity and external thrombus value were significantly higher in the patients of silicosis and silicosis complicated with TB than in the healthy controls, except for patients of phase I of silicosis. Blood viscosity in the silicotics increased significantly with the advance of the disease, but no significant difference in external thrombus between patients in different phases. Apparent viscosity of whole blood significantly increased in the high-shear rate (200 s(-1)) and middle-shear rate (30 s(-1)) in patients of silicosis complicated with TB than in those without complication of TB at the same phases, but not seen in the low-shear rate (5 s(-1)) and in plasma viscosity, and the length and dried weight of external thrombus increased significantly too. There was no significant difference in blood viscosity and external thrombus between patients of silicosis at phase III and those of silicosis complicated with TB at the same phase.

CONCLUSIONBlood in patients with silicosis appeared highly viscous and highly coagulant status. Blood viscosity and external thrombus value significantly increased with the advance of the disease, especially in the patients complicated with TB.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Viscosity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severity of Illness Index ; Silicosis ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Thrombosis ; etiology ; Tuberculosis ; complications