OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of fungus infection in the department of diabetes in order to analyze the risk factors,and to find out the approach for prevention.METHODS The review investigation method was used to collect clinical material of 81 cases with diabetes and fungus infection in our hospital from Jun 2002 to Jul 2007,and the result of bacterial cultures was analyzed.RESULTS The fungus infection took place more frequently in urinary tract(52.94%),then in the lungs and upper respiratory tract(27.05%).The frequently presented organism was the Candida albicans(42.35%),then C.glabrata(22.35%).CONCLUSIONS The age(≥60 years),sex,fasting plasma glucose concentration,2-hour postprandial blood glucose concentrations,the complications of chronic disease,and the long-term unreasonable use of antibiotic are the risk factors.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further standardization of biological products injection for treatment in-structions. METHODS:32 biological products injection for treatment instructions collected from Ma’anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Ma’anshan Central Hospital during Jan. to Jun. in 2015. The information of marked item was summa-rized and analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Among 32 biological products injection for treatment instructions, the mark rates of drug names,main ingredients,character,indications,specification,usage and dosage,package,term of validity,opera-tive norm,license number,manufacturing enterprise and other items all reached 100%. Although the mark rates of ADR,contrain-dication,precaution,drug use of pregnant women and nursing mothers,drug interactions,pharmacokinetics,drug use of the elder-ly,storage and other items were relatively high,but some items lacked the specific description of the content. The mark rates of drug use of children,drug overdose,toxicology,warnings,clinical trial were 56.25%,62.50%,59.38%,37.50% and 18.75%. Some biological products injection for treatment instructions are not revised timely and not complete in content and non-standard in writing,which can not meet the needs that clinical pharmacists and patients get enough drug safety information from instructions. Manufacturing enterprise is suggested to label the content of package inserts completely,verify and supplement related content, standardize and improve the instructions.

Objective: To study the effect of moist therapy on dermal radio lesions. Methods:13 located dermal radio lesions about Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage from 12 cases were treated with moist therapy. Wound managing steps for each time: The first step was to measure the size of wounds and take photos, and then evaluate individual pain level by a numeric pain scale. The second step was to assess and analyze the factors affecting wounds healing, including nutrition, sleeping, activity, psychological condition. After that the individualized plans about nutrition, activity, and psychological care were made. While exchanging dressings, the implementation and effects of the plans must be evaluated and adjusted. The mechanical debridement combined with autolyzing debridement was used for wounds managing. Then the wounds were saturated with bFGF and normal saline, and wetly covered with occlusive dressings. Wounds were managed every two days until wounds healed. Results: All 13 wounds were cured. The average healing time was (10?6)d and the average cost was (202?48)yuan. The pain level after moist therapy was significantly lowered than before(P

OBJECTIVE To determine distribution of pathogens and resistance characteristic in urinary infection and to provide basis for clinicians to select antibiotics correctly.METHODS A total of 272 strains of pathogens were identified and ESBLs-producing G-bacilli were detected.RESULTS Among 272 strains,68.4% of G-bacilli,19.1% of G+cocci,12.5% of fungi,41.1% of Escherichia coli and 18.2% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains produced ESBLs.CONCLUSIONS G-bacilli are major pathogens of urinary infection and their resistance is raised.Much attention should be paid to resistance detection.It is important to control nosocomial infection and select antibiotics correctly.

The process of diagnosis and nursing of a case with human granulocytic anaplasmosis who was confirmed by etiological diagnosis and molecular biology analysis was analyzed.The matters needing attention in nursing and nosocomial infection control were discussed and analyzed.To avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment,cross infection,reduce pain and economic burden of the patients,to provide references for future diagnosis and treatment of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

BACKGROUND:Surrounding structure of intracristal ventricular septal defects(IVSD) and membranous ventricular septal defects(MVSD)is complicated,and it is difficult to perform transcatheter closure treatment.Corresponding animal models should be established to define an optimal interventional therapy.OBJECTIVE:To prepare the animal models of IVSD and MVSD under echoeardiogram location.DESIGN:Animal modeling experiment.SETTING:Department of Cardiology,Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.MATERIALS:Six healthy adult dogs,irrespective of gender,were purchased from Shanghai Experimental Animal Center.Aorta and great saphenous vein stapler-puncher(St.Jude corporation,USA)was used.The main improvement is to cut the plastic shell even,thin,or shorter in order to reduce the resistance when puncturing the"purse"in the fight ventficle and the interventficular septum.Sonos 5500 multifunction ultrasonoscope(Philips,USA)was used,and the frequency of the probe was between 2.5-3.5 MHz.METHODS:Experiments were performed at the Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University and Central Laboratory of Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease from April to July 2006(biosaflety level 2).After anaesthesia,6 adult dogs were fixed at decumbent position.The interventricular septum was punetured to make the preparation with the location of echocardiography(ECHO)by using the modified aorta and great saphenous vein proximal stapler-puncher.Animal intervention met the Animal Ethical Committee of Fudan University.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:One week after the surgery,transthoracic echocardiography examination was used to check the VSD site,the highest shunt flow rate,the pressure difference between both sides of the VSD,as well as pulmonary artenal pressure.RESULTS:The VSD models were successfully established in three survivals and included in the final result.Two models of IVSD and one model of MVSD were examined by ECHO one week after the surgery.The diameter of VSD ranges from 1.8 to 3.6 mm.The Peak Flow Rate of the VSD ranges between 1.8 and 4.0 m/s.The pressure difierence of both sides of the VSD ranges between 42 and 51 mm Hg.The pulmonary arterial systolic pressure ranges from 23 to 29 mm Hg.CoNCLUSION:Located by the ECHO,it is possible to establish animal models of the IVSD and MVSD with the modified aorta and great saphenous vein proximal stapler-puncher.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect and origin of antrochoanal polyp (ACP) with various approaches. METHOD: Fifty-seven patients with ACP were included in the study. All the ACP patients were examined by preoperative endoscopy and computer tomographic (CT) scans. The patients were treated by various endoscopic approaches including endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy, inferior meatus antrostomy combined with endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy or endoscopic medial maxillectomy combined with endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy respectively. The relationship between polyp location in middle meatus and lesions in the antrum was explored during the surgery. Pathological examination was carried out and patients were regularly followed up after operation. RESULT: Fifty-seven ACP develops from antral cyst. In 22 cases of endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy, two patients relapsed. In 17 cases of inferior meatus antrostomy combined with endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy, one patients relapsed. In 18 cases of endoscopic medial maxillectomy combined with endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy, no one relapsed. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that the ACP mainly originates in antral cyst, and capsule wall herniates to middle meatus through the antral ostium. ACP are common in unilateral, rare in both sides. The endoscopic approaches of middle meatus antrostomy and inferior meatus antrostomy combined with endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy might guarantee good prognosis. If the cyst is on the anterior wall of maxillary sinus, the approach of endoscopic medial maxillectomy can obtain a better vision and completely remove the lesions.
Cysts ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Nasal Polyps ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the high?risk factors for brain metastases after prophylactic cranial irradiation ( PCI), and to provide a basis for personalized treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 188 patients with limited?stage small?cell lung cancer who received PCI in our hospital from 2005 to 2010. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative rate of brain metastases. The log?rank test and the Cox model were used for the univariate and multivariate analyses of the potential factors for the cumulative incidence of brain metastases, respectively. Results In the 188 patients, 31 ( 16?5%) had brain metastases. The 1?, 2?, and 3?year cumulative incidence rates of brain metastases were 4%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that staged Ⅲ disease before treatment, elevated levels of tumor markers, incomplete remission after chemoradiotherapy, and local?regional relapse were risk factors for high incidence of brain metastases ( P= 0?044, 0?037, 0?005, 0?007) . The multivariate analysis revealed that incomplete remission after chemoradiotherapy and local?regional relapse after chemoradiotherapy were risk factors for high incidence of brain metastases after PCI ( P= 0?003, 0?040 ) . Conclusions Patients with incomplete remission or local?regional relapse after chemoradiotherapy have high incidence of brain metastases after PCI. For those patients, a frequent follow?up of the central nervous system plus salvage cranial irradiation might provide an alternative to PCI.

Aim Our previous study has found that ur-solic acid( UA) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and adenosine monophos-phate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) phosphoryla-tion, inhibited signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3 ( STAT3 ) phosphorylation and cyclooxygen-ase-2 ( COX-2 ) expression in gastric cancer cells . However , the molecular mechanism by which UA in-hibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells has not been fully clarified .In this study we aimed to further clarify the signal transduction pathways involved in the UA-mediated inhibition of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells .Methods Human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45 were routinely cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-in-activated fetal calf serum .Sub-confluent cell cultures were pre-treated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine ( NAC) , AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imida-zolecarbox-amide-riboside ( AICAR ) , AMPK inhibitor compound C, or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and then treated with or without UA for 24 h.The expression of AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK ( p-AMPK ) , STAT3 and phos-phorylated STAT3 ( p-STAT3 ) , as well as COX-2 was detected by Western blot analysis .Results Antioxi-dant NAC and AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT 3 phosphorylation and down-regulation of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells.Both AMPK activator AICAR and UA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression; the combination of two drugs resulted in further reduction . STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 did not affect UA-induced AMPK phosphorylation , whereas it inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression .The inhibitory effects on the STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 ex-pression were significantly enhanced when SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells were treated simultaneously with WP1066 plus UA.Conclusion UA inhibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells , which may be medi-ated through ROS/AMPK/STAT3 signal transduction pathway .

Background: Previous study has found that ursolic acid (UA) inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.However,its molecular mechanism is not fully clear.Aims: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/COX-2 signaling pathway in UA-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer cells proliferation.Methods: AMPK-pLVX,AMPK-shRNA,STAT3-pLVX,STAT3-shRNA plasmids were constructed,and then were transfected into human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45,respectively.Gastric cancer cells were cultured with different concentrations of UA for different times.The expressions of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and COX-2 were measured by Western blotting,and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Results: UA dose-and time-dependently increased p-AMPK expression,inhibited p-STAT3 and COX-2 expressions in SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells.Knockdown of AMPK blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.Overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced down-regulation of COX-2 expression.Knockdown of AMPK and overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced inhibition of proliferation of gastric cancer cells.Conclusions: UA may inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via down-regulation of COX-2 expression through AMPK/STAT3 pathway.