Objective To measure the difference of radiosensitivity between small and large intestines toward high dose of radiation and investigate the role of stem cells in this difference.Methods C57BL/6 male mice,6-8 weeks old,were randomly divided as control group and radiation group received 19 Gy whole body γ-ray irridiation.Large and small intestines of the mice were collected 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after radiation.The proliferation and apoptosis of the large and small intestines and their stem cells were then detected by immunochemistry,and the change of stem cell number in the large and small intestines were detected by in-situ hybridization.Results HE staining showed that 19 Gy γ-ray irradiation caused more severe injury in the small intestine,and all the crypt in the small intestine were extinct at 48 h post-radiation.However,the proliferation index of crypt in the large intestine was as high as 0.23 (t =4.67,P ＜0.05).Compared with the small intestine,the apoptotic index of epithelial cells in the crypt of large intestine was much lower at 12 and 24 h after irradiation (t =-1.92,-2.42,P＜0.05).The apoptotic population of stem cells in the small intestine at 12 and 24 h post irradiation were significantly lower than that in the large intestine (t =-1.98,-2.33,P ＜ 0.05),and the number of stem cell in the large intestine was significantly higher than that in the small intestine 24,48 h after radiation (t =1.98,3.31,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The radiosensitivity of small intestine toward high dose of irradiation is significantly higher than that of the large intestine,where the difference in radiosensitivity of stem cells between large intestine and small intestine may be involved.

0.05),the content ratio of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampus of the dependent rats was lower than that in the control group(P

ObjectiveThe heroin-dependent animal model of rats was used to investigate the effects ofheroin on regulation of pain perception in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of the heroin-dependent rats. Meth odsHeroin was injected subcutaneously twice a lay for 9 days according to the principle of daily increasing dose in the Sprague-Dawley rats. From the 10th day,rats were given heroin at dose of 27 mg · kg-1 once a day until the14th day, then the unit discharges of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of rats were observed respectively afternoxious electric stimulation of the rat-tail by the extracellular single-unit recording with glass microelectrodes. ResultsWhen given noxious stimulation, most of the neurons in the dorsal hippocampus in the heroin-dependent ratswere unaffected(59.09％ ) ,whereas in the control rats ,the ratio of the neurons of the dorsal hippocampus affectedby noxious stimulation was about 66.67％, respectively(P ＜ 0.05 ). However,in the ventral hippocampus, the ratioof the neurons activated,inhibitory or unaffected was 20. 69％ ,41.38％ and 37.93％ from the control and was40.74％ ,33. 33％ and 25.93％ from the heroin group respectively with no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ) . ConclusionHeroin changed the regulation of pain perception in the hippocampus,primarily the dorsal hippocampus of rats.

Objective To develop a rapid, accurate, specific method to detect causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Specific primers and probe were designed based on highly conserved VP1 region of enterovirus 71, coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus. The sensitivity and specificity of the real-time RT-PCR was evaluated with 35 stool samples collected from pediatric patients with suspected HFMD and 20 clinical samples from health pediatric patients. Results Out of 35 clinical samples from suspected HFMD, 35 samples were identified as positive for enterovirus, 25 clinical samples were identified as positive for enterovirus 71, 8 clinical samples were identified as positive for coxsackie virus A16, among which 3 clinical samples were identified as positive for enterovirus 71 and coxsackie virus A16. The clinical diagnostic accordance rate is 85.71%. Out of 20 clinical samples from normal pediatric patients, 5 clinical samples were identified as positive for enterovirus, 20 clinical samples were negative for enterovirns 71 and coxsackie virus AI6. Conclusion Our results indicate real-time RT-PCR offers a rapid, sensitive, specific and cheap method to detect pathogen of HFMD from clinical specimens.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of web-based lifestyle Or behavior intervention on Chinese urban adults.Methods Six hundred and eighty-one adult subjects were rand omly assigned to the intervention group (n=341) or the control group (n=340).The intervention group was encouraged to visit a specified interactive web site at 1east once a month to submit self-report health diaries.and provided with individualized health promotion instructions and tailored counseling at the chat room or through email.The control group received routine medical services.The primary outcomes were changes in cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption,fruit or vegetable intake,and physical exercise duration at 6 month from baseline.Intention-to-treat method was used for data analysis.Results At 6 month,smoking cessation rate was 23.6% in intervention group and 4.6% in control group (X2=22.4,P<0.05),and daily alcohol consumption decreased by 28.6 g in intervention group compared to 6.1 g in control group (t=14.9.P<0.05).There Was no significant change in physical exercise duration for those with sub-optimal physical activities between the two groups.In contrast to the control group.mean systolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,and body mass index of the hypertensive,diabetic,or overweight/obese subjects in the intervention group showed statistically significant decrease.There was no significant change in serum cholesterol level for the participants with hypercholestemlemia in both groups.The attrition rate was 6.7% in the intervention group.Conclusion Web-based health management services may be helpful in promoting healthy lifestyle and behavior and enhancing the care of chronic conditions including hypertension,diabetes,overweight and obese.

Objective To evaluate the association of the size of thyroid nodules and accuracy of fineneedle aspiration cytology in diagnose of thyroid nodules.Methods 691 thyroid nodules in 630 patients pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital.All imaging data of preoperative ultrasound-guided FNAC were collected in our review.Yields of FNAC were divided into six levels according to the classification criteria of the Bethesda system(level Ⅰ,insufficient material or nondiagnosed;level Ⅱ,benign ; level Ⅲ,atypical hyperplasia; level Ⅳ,follicular neoplasm ; level Ⅴ,suspicious for malignancy; level Ⅵ,malignant),＞level Ⅳ was the malignant cytologic criteria for diagnosis of thyroid nodules.According to the maximal diameter of thyroid nodules,the nodules were divided into group A(L≤0.5 cm),group B(0.5 cm＜L＜1.0 cm) and group C(L≥1.0 cm).Postoperative pathologic results were taken as the gold standard.Results Of 691 nodules,there were 176(25.47％),298(43.13％) and 217(31.40％) in group A,group B and group C respectively.Among the three groups,accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC in group B (90.94 ％) was higher than in group A(80.11％) and group C(83.41 ％),with statistically significant(P ＜0.05).There was not statistically different between group A and group C(P ＞0.05).The specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were not statistically different among three groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusions The size of thyroid nodules was partly associated with accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Jintiange capsules combined with zoledronic acid on bone mineral densi-ty(BMD),VAS scores and lab indexes of patients with postmenopausal diabetic osteoporosis. METHODS:140 patients with post-menopausal diabetic osteoporosis were divided into control group and treatment group according to randomized blocks,with 70 cas-es in each group. Both group received 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 100 ml intravenously before and after treatment,and were given vitamin D and calcium. Control group was given Zoledronic acid injection 5 mg intravenously for more than 15 min,once ev-ery 4 weeks. Treatment group was additionally given Jintiange capsules 1.2 g,po,tid,on the basis of control group. Both groups received 6 months of treatment. BMD,VAS score,lab indexes before and after treatment and the occurrence of ADR were com-pared between 2 groups. RESULTS:After treatment,BMD of 2 groups were increased significantly compared to before treatment, and the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). VAS score of 2 groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment,and VAS score of treatment group was significantly lower than that of control group after treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The levels of blood calcium and serium inorganic phosphorus had no change in 2 groups;but the level of osteocalcin was significantly higher than before treatment,while the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower than before treatment,and the levels of osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in treatment groups were significantly better than in control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Jintiange capsules combined with Zoledronic acid injection in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with diabetes can significantly in-crease BMD,relieve pain and improve lab index levels. Moreover,it doesn’t increase the risk of ADR.

Objectives To systematically evaluate the effect of music given to pregnant rats on the development of brain functions in the offspring rats and to provide scientific evidence for the application of antenatal musical training and the promotion of welfare for laboratory animals.Methods We comprehensively retrieved and collected the research literatures related to the effect of music on brain function development in offsprings of the pregnant rats from Pubmed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang,Weipu,CNKI and CBMdisc.The retrieval time was set from the foundation date of databases to 2 April,2016.We selected literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,evaluated their utilities,then extracted and qualitatively described the data.Results Seven experimental studies were selected in this study including 4 published in Chinese and 3 in English.The object laboratory animals of those studies were Wistar or SD rats.Music materials involved comfort music,classic music,violin concerto(Liangzhu/The butterfly lovers).Intervention were given to the pregnant rats roundly from the gestation until parturition.These results showed that,to some extent,music stimulations during gestation may promote the development of brain function and improve spatial memory of the offspring rats.However,expressions of some functional receptors were not significantly altered.Conclusions Appropriate music provided to the pregnant rats promote the development of brain functions in their offspring.

BACKGROUND: Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside plays an important role in a variety of physiological processes, such as the nerve cel growth and development, differentiation, regeneration and intracel ular and extracel ular information transmission. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside on the changes of gene expression and calcium ion concentration in the course of inducing the mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells with Woodbury’s method. METHODS: The mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured after isolated and purified, After 5 passages in culture, the cel integrated into a dense monolayer, and treated with 50 mmol/L monosialotetrahexosylganglioside for 24 hours as the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside group; then the mesenchymal stem cells were induced into neuron-like cells with the methods of Woodbury after pre-cultured for 24 hours, and set the control group. The protein and mRNA expression levels of growth-associated protein 43, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and nestin were detected by immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of intracel ular free calcium ion before and after inducing was detected by laser scan confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After induction, the expression levels of growth-associated protein 43, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and nestin of the mesenchymal stem cells in the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), demonstrating that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside could promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells. The fluorescence intensity in mesenchymal stem cells was increased gradual y in two groups after the medium was replaced by the induction medium, attained its peak value at 100 seconds and then decreased gradual y, but the fluorescence intensity was stil higher than that before the induction at 20 minutes. The fluorescence intensity of intracel ular free Ca2+ was increased significantly in the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside group when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), suggesting that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside could increase the concentration of intracel ular free Ca2+, and intracel ular free Ca2+ may be useful in the course of induction. The changes of protein expression levels of growth-associated protein 43, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and nestin were not significant after induction, indicating that Woodbury classic induced programme could regulate the post-transcriptive protein level.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney. Methods 11 patients with CDC were analyzed,among which 6 were males and 5 were females.Their age ranged from 22 to 67 years old with a mean age of 55.4 cases were found by routine health examination,4 cases were presented with gross hematuria and 3 cases had flank or abdomen pain.The CT scan showed an unclear boundary mass in kidney,with tumor sizes from 2.1 to 8.5 cm ( mean 5.6 cm).Only medullary involvement was present on CT in 3 cases,Medullary and cortical involvement in 5 cases,Medullary and pelvic involvement in 2 cases,and all involvement in 1 case.Infiltrative lesion has expanded kidney but maintains reniform contour.Contrast-enhanced CT scan showed lesion mild to moderate enhancement compared with surrounding parenchyma. Results Radical nephrectomy was performed in 8 cases and palliative nephrectomy in 3 cases.All patients were finally diagnosed by pathology.Grossly,the tumor is often appears gray or white.In HE staining,tumor showed prominent tubular or tubulaopapillary structures with desmoplasia and inflammatory reaction.Occasionally,some tumor cells take on a hobnail appearance.Immunohistochemical examination showed UEA-1 positive in all cases,EMA positive in 9 cases,PNA positive in 8 cases,and HMW-CK positive in 7 cases.Only 2 patients showed positive CD10.7 patients died within 6 to 47 months (mean 12.5 months),2 survived with tumor free for 9 months and 8 years respectively,one lost of follow-up,and one patient with distant metastasis is receiving postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is a rare histological type of renal cell carcinoma,whose final diagnosis depends on histopathological examination.Rapid progression,highly malignant,poor prognosis are the characteristics of this disease.