In recent 20 years,liver transplantation has been rapidly developed in China,and the number of cases and patient outcomes have continued to improve.However,many problems emerged,such as mismatch of donor source and unbalanced distribution system,the research achievements lacking of innovation and core competitiveness,and clinical study level lags behind.In order to solve the problems mentioned above,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University has carried out a series of work,such as expanding the donor pool,improving clinical technologies,and strengthening basic researches.

Songbirds and humans both rely critically on auditory feedback for learning and maintaining accurate vocalizations. During vocal learning, juvenile songbirds learn to sing by using auditory feedback to match their variable song patterns to a memorized tutor model. During song maintaining, adult songbirds monitor the integrality and accuracy of its song on-line according to auditory feedback. This form of learning requires auditory-vocal integration. The output of songs and the information of auditory feedback are integrated in some areas of the bird's brain, and then direct next vocal activity. In recent years, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN) has been demonstrated that it is necessary for feedback-dependent song decrystallization, and LMAN neurons exhibit highly selective responses to auditory presentation of the bird's own song (BOS). Moreover, the discovery of mirror neurons in the high vocal centre (HVC) also provides a significant clue for further study in songbirds. Here the progress of auditory feedback and the plasticity of vocal learning in songbirds are reviewed in recent years.

The high mortality of paraquat (PQ) poisonings is mainly due to the lack of effective treatments. The optimal method of extracorporeal removal of paraquat is often a matter of debate. Due to the lack of well-designed studies, we are often left with circumstantial evidence, and we must exercise our best clinical judgment as to whether extracorporeal paraquat removal is beneficial and if so, by what method. It is clear, however, that rapidity in paraquat removal is beneficial. Due to the urgent nature of treatment for paraquat poisoning, there may never be well-designed evidence-based studies to help guide us. In the meantime, we must continue to use less than ideal evidence and our own experience to guide our decision-making process. Most toxicologists recommend rapid initiation of charcoal haemoperfusion (CHP) to lower plasma PQ levels and to limit pulmonary and other organs uptake of PQ.

The high mortality of paraquat (PQ) poisonings is mainly due to the lack of effective treatments. Most toxicologists recommend rapid initiation of charcoal haemoperfusion (CHP) to lower plasma PQ levels and to limit pulmonary and other organs uptake of PQ. Although there are considerable evidences of CHP efficacy in the reversion of the fatal outcome resulting from PQ poisonings, the usefulness of this therapy has been the subject of significant controversy with several evidences published in the literature showing a lack of clinical benefit in numerous cases. Considering that the blood concentration at a given time is directly related to clinical outcome, the rebound in plasma paraquat concentration after haemoperfusion may be partly relate to the poor clinical benefit, but may indicate the necessity for prolonged haemoperfusion. Continuous rather than intermittent haemoperfusion has been advocated for treatment of paraquat poisoning. However, 24h daily conventional pump driven haemoperfusion is usually impossible to carry out due to bleeding complications. Plasmapheresis is also a blood purification process. Unselective therapeutic plasma exchange is the first technology used for therapeutic apheresis (TA). However, limited efficacy by restricted plasma volume that can be exchanged in a single session is one of the severe limitations. To further increase the clearance of target molecules, plasma perfusion (PP) techniques was developed. modification of the conventional plasma perfusion in patients with paraquat poisoning has been reported and plasma levels of paraquat were reduced effectively.

Objective To study the selective tumoricidal effect of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated fusion gene system driven by kinase domain-containing (KDR) promoter on human stomach adenocarcinoma SCG7901 cells, and to observe its apoptosis induction effect. Methods Both the AdEasy-KDR-CDglyTK cells with KDR-expressing SCG7901 cells and non KDR-expressing HepG2 cells were reconstructed, and then they were treated with the pro-drugs 5-FC and/or GCV at different concentrations. The killing effects of the transfection on the cells were evaluated. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the cell cycle distribution, and Hooechest/PI stain and electron microscopy performed to observe the pathological changes of cells. Results The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed in 95% of the infected SCG7901 and HepG2 cells when the multiple of infection (MOI) of the Ads was 100. No significant difference on the growth feature was found among the transfected SCG7901, HepG2 and untransfected SCG7901 and HepG2 cells. The infected cells exhibited different sensitivities to the two pro-drugs: SCG7901 cells infected with rAd were highly sensitive to the pro-drugs, while the infected HepG2 cells were not (P

Biological performances of Ni-Cr porcelain alloy are highly correlated with released metallic ions. Released metal ions from Ni-Cr porcelain alloy, particularly Ni, Be can induce inflammation of the adjacent periodontal tissue and oral mucosa. In vitro evidence has indicated that the immune response can be altered by various metal ions. Allergic reactions due to metallic dental restorations have been documented. Ni has especially been identified as being highly allergenic. The cytotoxicity and corrosion level of Ni-Cr porcelain alloy is increased after recasting. The Ni-Cr porcelain alloy produced according to technology requirements has good biological safety. Ni-Cr porcelain alloy released a few of metal ions which might induce allergy and density of adjacent periodontal tissues, for the stimulation effect of these metal ions. There is no evidence to suggest that Ni-Cr porcelain alloy restorations has systemic toxicity or carcinogenic/genotoxic effect to human.

The morbidity of transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP) was high. There is controversial about thyroid hormone supplementation in THOP. Clinical studies suggest that thyroid hormone supplementation can reduce the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus,but no effect on the mortality and the incidence of respiratory disease.Thyroid hormone supplementation can improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with gestational age less than 28 weeks with THOP, but no effect on infants with gestational age more than 28 weeks. Future research should focus on the normal range of thyroid hormone according to gestational age in preterm infants,and randomized clinical trial welldesigned stratified according to gestational age to study the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in infants with THOP

BACKGROUND:Recently,some overseas in vitro researches and animal models confirmed that donor leukomonocyte cultured by fludarabine can significantly reduce acute graft-versus-host disease,but the mechanism of action is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To explore immunophenotype changes of donor leukomonocyte cultured with fludarabine in vitro.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The observational cytology experiment was performed at the Department of Hematology,First People's Hospital from July 2007 to January 2008.MATERIALS:Leukomonocytes were collected from four hour healthy persons as donors of allogenic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Fludarabine was offered by Schering AG,Germany.METHODS:Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells collected by COBO SPECTRA were washed with RPMI1640 twice.These cells were cultured in RPMI1640 containing 0.10 volume fraction of fetal bovine serum till cell density of 2?109 L-1.1 mL of hematopoietic stem cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline,and added CD3,CD4,CD8,CD44mAb 10 ?L,and added Mouse Ig-G1-FITC/PE as control group.These cells were attenuated with phosphate-buffered saline after incubated for 30 minutes at a low temperature,then detected by flow cytometry.Other cells were put in 24-well cultivate plate,added 8 mmol /L fludarabine as a final concentration for 24 hours(5% CO2,37 ℃).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Studying immunophenotypic changes of donor leukomonocytes by flow cytometry.RESULTS:There was no significant change in the ratio of CD4+CD44+T cells before or after donor leukomonocytes cultured with fludarabine for 24 hours,and proportion of CD8+CD44+T cells declined significantly(P

AIM:To establish the HPLC-fingerprint of the water-soluble constituents of Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge.on 18 batches from 9 areas in China. METHODS: Samples of Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge.from different areas were determined by Agilent 1100 DAD-HPLC on Sino Chrom ODS-BP column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),gradient elution with methanol-water(0.7%H_3PO_4) as mobile phase,column temperature was at 30℃,flow rate was 1 mL/min,wavelength was at 280 nm,and the inject volume was 20 ?L. RESULTS: The HPLC-fingerprints of the water-soluble constituents from Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge.,including 12 mutual peaks,were developed after determination of 10 batches of drugs according to SPSS analysis.,and in which,3 characteristic components were recognized. CONCLUSION: The separation effect of peaks in fingerprints is better and the characteristic is also obvious.The RSD values of precision and reproducibility are less than 5%.This method can be used for the quality control of Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Acanthus ilicifolius. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified on silica gel,SephadexLH -20 and HPLC,and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral evidence,physical and chemical analyses. Results and Conclusion Nine compounds,named as stigmasta-4-en-3-one(1),stigmasta-4,22-diene-3-one(2),campest-4-en-3-one(3),tigmasta-4-en-3,6-dione(4),Stigmasta-4,22-diene-3,6-dione(5),Stigmasta-4,22-diene-6?-ol-3-one(6),6?-hydroxyl-stigmasta-4-en-3-one(7),3?-hydroxyl-stigmasta-5,22-diene-7-one(8),3?-hydroxyl-stigmasta-5-en-7-one(9),respectively,were obtained from the petroleum ether soluble portion in the methanol extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius. Among them,compounds 4~8 were reported from this plant for the first time,compounds 2,4 and 9 showed moderate activity against selected tumor cell lines.