The classical deformable models and some new approaches for the past few years are surveyed,especially de-scribe two important methods of them: snake model and level-set model.Image segmentation is the bases of 3D recon-struction technology and medical visualization image,which are meaningful to disease diagnosis and therapy in clinical.It is not only a key step and critical technology in medical image processing and image analysis but also a classic puzzle.With the need of application,it is very important to continually research the image segmentation,to increasingly improve the old approaches and introduce the new and more effective ones.

Objective In previous study,we carried out refined mapping of loss of heterzygosity (LOH) on 1q31.1-32.1 and found that a minimal region of frequent deletion was located at DIS413-D1S2622,which indicated that the region could harbor a tumor suppressor gene associated with colorectal carcinoma.This study was to screen for the potential tumor suppressor gene (TSG) on D1S413-D1S2622 in Chinese origin patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.Methods 25 genes located in the D1S413-D1S2622 region were chosen and a microarray-based high throughput screening conducted in 19 sporadic colorectal cancers to identify candidate tumor suppressor genes.The relationship between expression levels of candidate genes and the clinicopathological data was analyzed.Real-time PCR was performed to validate the microarray results.Results According to the microarray-based high throughput screening,we found 4 significantly down-expressed genes,including CSRP1,LMOD1,PPP1R12B and CFHL3.There was no significant association between of CFHL3,CSRP1,LMOD1,PPP1R12B expression and the clinicopathological data.CSRP1 could be a colorectal cancer related tumor suppressor gene.CSRP1 was down-regulated in colorectal cancer.Conclusions CSRP1 might be involved in the progression of colorectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Venlafaxine oblatum in treating chronic tension headache.Methods A clinic study using randomized double-blind double-simulation parallel controlled trial and take Naproxen tablets as contrast control.The experimental group(venlafaxine group) was given venlafaxine oblatum 25 mg bid and the control group(naproxen group) naproxen tablets 200 mg bid.Results Both the experimental group and the control group had 20 patients and all of them completed the treatment trial.After 14 days treating,the experimental group got 30% clinic control rate and the control group reached 15% clinic control rate respectively;the clinic total effective rate of the experimental group and control group was 65.00%and 40.00%respectively,clinic benefit rate 90.00%and 85.00%,living quality improvement rate 35.00%and 25.00%,and the adverse effect rate was 30.00%and 30.00%.The difference between two groups had not statistically significant.Conclusions The effect and safety of Venlafaxine for treating chronic tension headache was at least as well as Naproxen Tablets.

Registration based on mutual information is a typical method in medical image registration. Mutual information is a common similarity measure in image registration, which has excellent robustness and accuracy, but large calculation amount makes it difficult to be applied to clinics. In this paper, a registration algorithm based on multi-resolution and hybrid optimization is adopted to implement 2-dimension monomodal and multimodal registrations of MRI and CT images of human heads with different numbers of gray bins. Results of experiments show that registration precisions have not notable change with 32, 64 gray bins, compared with 256 gray bins, whereas the computation costs decrease remarkably.
Algorithms ; Brain ; pathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Medical Informatics ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and effects of one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base.Methods The clinical data of 13 pediatric cases with one-stage reconstruction surgery for comminuted and depressed fractures of the frontal bone and anterior skull base were reviewed retrospectively,including 8 male and 5 female,aged from 4 to 14 years,with a mean age of 8 years.Admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 2 cases,9 to 11 scores in 4 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 7 cases.The intraoperative one-stage osseous and vascular pedicle membranous reconstruction of frontal bone and anterior skull base had been performed in all patients.The periosteum-bone fragments-periosteum had been used in 4 cases whose bony defect diameter of anterior cranial fossa was over 1 cm,multimodality therapy were carried out postoperatively.The follow-ups were regularly executed after discharge.Results GCS at discharge was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 1 case,9 to 11 scores in 2 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 10 cases.No significant difference was found in GCS between those on admission and at discharge(χ2=3.02,P>0.05).Eleven cases had a phenomenon of nasal hemorrhage and the duration was not exceeding 48 hours.No intracranial infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in all patients.All patients received an acceptable appearance without obvious frontal depre-ssion or proptosis.Postoperative computed tomography image showed normal cranial volume,well reset of fracture pieces,no fracture pieces existing in intracerebral tissue,satisfactory hematoma evacuation,and orbital contents without compression.The complications like cerebrospinal fluid leakage,poor incision healing,brain abscess or mucous cyst had not been found in all patients from 3 months to 6 years follow-up period.Conclusions The one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base suggests a better prognosis,effectively less complications,which helps to avoid secondary surgery,but regular follow-ups are absolutely necessary.This procedure is worth applying and spreading to pediatric patients and medical institutions if necessary.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes and clinical significance of relative pituitary hormones in children after craniocerebral injury.Methods The quantitative analysis and dynamic observation were performed in 125 children after craniocerebral injury and 20 voluntary healthy children of relative pituitary hormones including serum prolactin(PRL),cortisol(PTC),three free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),growth hormone (GH) by applying electrochemical luminescence method.Tbe hormone variational characteristics were analyzed according to posttraumatic time,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores on admission and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores on discharge,and the relationship between hormone variational characteristics of 58 cases was followed up over 2 years and the activities of daily living (ADL) were also investigated.Results The serum PRL was significantly increased on the first,third and fifth day compared with the healthy control group (P =0.000 0,0.000 0,0.006 7),respectively.There was significant difference between mild,moderate and severe groups within 30 days after suffering from craniocerebral injury (P ＜ 0.05).PTC was heavily increased within 3 days,and significant difference existed among mild and moderate groups mild and severe groups (all P ＜ 0.05) ; TSH,FT3,FT4 decreased slightly after injury and gradually rose in later;GH change wasn't significant;and the larger variation of relative pituitary hormones was responsible for lower GCS scores;FT3,FT4,TSH,and GH decreased in different degrees,which were found in parts of children with craniocerebral injury,and the significant difference of serum PRL existed between GOS scores 4-5 and GOS scores 1-3 groups (P =0.000 1).Conclusions The changes of relative pituitary hormones were associated with the posttraumatic time and the severity of craniocerebral injury.The PRL in serum can aid in prediction of outcome for the children with craniocerebral injury.

Objective To investigate changes of relative pituitary hormones in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the related clinical significance.Methods Quantitative analysis and dynamic observation of relative pituitary hormones were performed in 158 TBI patients by electrochemical luminescence method.Measured indices included plasma total cortisol (PTC),free triiodothyronine (lT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyrotropin (TSH),growth hormone,follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol,testosterone,and prolactin.Results Prolactin and PTC increased in the acute phase,but gradually reduced three days after trauma.TSH,FT3,and FT4 slightly decreased after trauma,followed by a gradual return.While there were no significant changes in FSH,LH,estradiol,testosterone,and growth hormone after trauma.Changes in relative pituitary hormones were more profound in patients with a lower GCS.Some patients presented different degree of reduced hormones in recovery period and needed hormone replacement therapy.Among the patients with poor activity of daily living (ADL),lvothyroxine replacement therapy was applied in 2 patients (2/6),prednisone acetate in 1 (1/6),and eleven acid testosterone in 2 (2/6).Among patients with mild ADL,levothyroxine replacement therapy was applied in 2 patients (11％),prednisone acetate in 1 (6％),and eleven acid testosterone in 3 (17％).Among patients with good ADL,levothyroxine replacement therapy was applied in 2 patients (4％) and eleven acid testosterone in 3 (6％).Persistent prolactin elevation was found in patients with poor outcome.Conclusions Changes of relative pituitary hormones in adult patients with TBI are associated with severity and duration of trauma.Abnormal prolactin level can affect outcome of the patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of autologous cryopreserved platelet transfusion in the management of thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy in hematological malignancy.Methods A total of 40 patients diagnosed as hematological malignancy with complete remission were equally assigned into study group and control group.During chemotherapy interval in the study group,when platelet counts exceeded 120 × 109/L,autologous platelets were collected with CS3000 Cell Separator and cryopreserved at-80℃ with 5％ dimethylsulfoxide.When platelet counts dropped below 15 × 109/L after chemotherapy,autologous platelets were thawed with 40℃ water bath and transfused back to each patient.In the control group,when platelet counts dropped below 15 × 109/L after chemotherapy,allogeneic fresh platelets were transfused.Median loss during the freeze-thaw-wash procedure in study group was observed,and the 1 h,24 h corrected count increments(CCI)were calculated in the both groups.The hemostatic effects and adverse reactions were also observed.Results In the control group,1hCCI and 24hCCI were (19.3 ±6.1)× 109/L and(12.2 ± 7.0)× 109/L,respectively,with the effective rate of 80％ and the transfusion reaction rate of 45％.Totally 20 collection and transfusions were finished in the study group.A total of(3.4-8.5)× 1011 platelet were obtained in each collection.Platelet recovery after freezing and thawing was(73.51 ±9.03)％(62％-83％).1hCCI was(17.4±7.6)× 109/L,24h CCI was(10.5 ±5.8)× 109/L and the effective rate was 85％.There was no significant different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The transfusion reaction rate was 15 ％,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,adverse reactions were occurred less in the study group.Conclusion This study demonstrates that autologous cryopreserved platelet transfusions can be safely administered for supporting thrombocytopenia in hematological malignancy patients undergoing chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Clinical infusion of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of aplastic anemia has been reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stems cells on the secretion function of T lymphocytes of aplastic anemia patients. METHODS:Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stems cells were extracted from healthy human adipose tissues. T-lymphocytes were harvested from peripheral blood of patients with aplastic anemia by density gradient centrifugation. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stems cells were co-cultured with T-lymphocytes. The levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and interferon-γwere detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. T-bet and GATA-3 levels were examined by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of Th1 type cytokines interferon-γand interleukin-2 in the co-culture group were significantly lower than those in the T-lymphocyte group (P<0.05). But the levels of Th2 type cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in the co-culture group were significantly higher than those in the T-lymphocyte group (P<0.05). The T-bet mRNA and protein levels in the co-culture group were significantly lower than those in the T-lymphocyte group, while the GATA-3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the co-culture group. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stems cells can mediate an immunoregulation effect on T-lymphocytes of aplastic anemia patients in vitro, which is possibly related with the inhibition of Th1-dominant response due to the disorder of T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression.

Objective To investigate the CT features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children. Methods Eighteen patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor proven by surgery and pathology were examined with plain and contrast medium enhancement CT scan. Results Of 18 cases,16 had isolated lesions located at lung (n =4), mesentery (n =3), kidney (n =2) and trachea (n = 1 ),left main bronchus ( n = 1 ), right thoracic cavity ( n = 1 ), peritoneum cavity ( n = 1 ), pancreas ( n = 1 ),left thigh ( n = 1 ), prostate ( n = 1 ), superclvicle soft t tissue ( n = 1 ) , bladder ( n = 1 ). The other 2 cases were with multiple lesions on omentum and mesentery, and in intraperitoneal and side of split of right hepatic lobe, respectively. The CT findings of 18 cases included 16 solid mass with calcifications in 3 of them, and 2 solid-cystic mass. After contrast enhancement, moderate or marked homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement were shown in all the solid parts of tumor on dynamic CT. Mass can compress surround great vessel and tube-like structure. On pathological examination, the tumor was mainly composed of spindleshaped fibrous cells and inflammatory cells, and the immunohistochemically staining for SMA was observed positively. Conclusion CT can provide specific information for diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, yet definite diagnosis relies on pathology.