Objective To study the effects of dihydroartemisinin and quinine on plasmodium falciparum gametocytes at early stage. Methods Eleven patients with falciparum malaria who had plasmodium falciparum gametocytes at early stage(PFGe) in bone marrow but no matured plasmodium falciparum gametocytes(PFGm) in bone marrow and peripheral blood were allocated to two groups.Group A(n=6) were administered orally with dihydroartemisinin at a total dosage of 480mg for 7 days and Group B(n=5) with quinine sulfate at a total dosage of 10?500 mg for 7 days.The number of gametocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood was examined at regular time. Results PFGe in bone marrow disappeared in Group A on 10 th day after the first administration while existed in all the cases of Group B on 10 th day and still in 2 cases on 14 th day.The clearance time for peripheral PFGe was 4.8?0.9 days in Group A and 22.0?5.8 days in Group B. Conclusion Dihydroartemisinin can clear PFGe but quinine shows no this action.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolically associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and blood glucose fluctuation in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients treated with insulin.Methods A total of 1373 T2DM inpatients treated with insulin were collected.The mean values of the coefficient of variation(CV)of daily blood glucose on days 2～3,4～5,and 6～7 were calculated respectively.According to the median of CV2-3,CV4-5 and CV6-7 groups(27.8%,26.0%,24.8%,respectively),subjects were divided into subgroups:CV2-3<27.8%(n=686),CV2-3≥27.8%(n=687);CV4-5<26.0%(n=687),CV4-5≥26.0%(n=686);CV6-7<24.8%(n=686),CV6-7≥24.8%(n=687).Subjects were divided into T2DM combined with MAFLD group(MAFLD,n=793)and T2DM group(n=580).According to the median CV(26.2%,24.4%,23.4%),MAFLD patients were divided into subgroups:CV2-3<26.2%(n=396),CV2-3≥26.2%(n=397);CV4-5<24.4%(n=397),CV4-5≥24.4%(n=396);CV6-7<23.4%(n=396),CV6-7≥23.4%(n=397).According to the MAFLD fibrosis score(NFS),subjects were divided into NFS<-1.455(non advanced liver fibrosis subgroup,n=115),-1.455≤NFS≤0.676(suspected liver fibrosis subgroup,n=514),NFS>0.676(advanced liver fibrosis subgroup).Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with CV.Results Compared with CV2-3<27.8%subgroup,BMI,FC-P and prevalence of MAFLD in CV2-3≥27.8%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).Compared with CV4-5<26.0%subgroup,BMI,FC-P and prevalence of MAFLD in CV4-5≥26.0%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).Compared with CV6-7<24.8%subgroup,BMI,FC-P and prevalence of MAFLD in CV6-7≥24.8%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,FC-P and HbA1c were the influencing factors of CV2-3≥27.8%;gender,age,BMI,FC-P and MAFLD were the influencing factors of CV4-5≥26.0%;BMI,FC-P and MAFLD were the influencing factors of CV6-7≥24.8%.Compared with T2DM group,CV2-3,CV4-5 and CV6-7 in MAFLD group were decreased(P<0.01);FC-P was increased(P<0.01).Compared with CV2-3<26.2%subgroup,BMI and FC-P in CV2-3≥26.2%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).Compared with CV4-5<24.4%subgroup,BMI and FC-P in CV4-5≥24.4%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).Compared with CV6-7<23.4%subgroup,BMI and FC-P in CV6-7≥23.4%subgroup were lower(P<0.01).CV2-3 in advanced liver fibrosis subgroup was higher than that in suspect liver fibrosis subgroup(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that FC-P and HbA1c were the influencing factors of CV2-3≥26.2%;FC-P was the influencing factors of CV4-5≥24.4%;the course of DM and FC-P were the influencing factors of CV6-7≥23.4%.Conclusions BMI and FC-P are the influencing factors of blood glucose fluctuation in T2DM patients treated with insulin.Blood glucose fluctuation in patients without MAFLD is large.FC-P is the influencing factor of blood glucose fluctuation in T2DM patients combined with MAFLD.