The 2012 version of international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock got re-revised on the basis of the 2008 version.For pediatric severe sepsis,the 2012 version enforces initial resuscitation;develops detailed ant-infection measures;stresses isotonic crystalloid fluid resuscitation and the use of albumin,hetastarch is no longer recommended ;reduces the value of early use of dopamine,and clears the use of corticosteroids indications and the use of blood products;mechanical ventilation is recommended to use lung protective ventilation strategy; standardizes sedation and analgesia applications; clears the level of blood glucose control;others include blood purification,nutrition,stress ulcer prevention recommendations.

Objective To investigate the value of the interhospital transportation and the advantage of the cooperative network to the critically ill children.Methods The clinical data of 232 critically ill chil-dren transported from other hospitals in long distances to PICU of Fudan University Affiliated Children Hos-pital cooperated with Shanghai 120 interprovincial transport Department,between Oct 2010 and Oct 2013, were analyzed retrospectively.Results At otal of 232 critically ill childrne were transported from 31 hospi-tals of Eastern China region including five provinces and the city of Shanghai.Among thse e critically ill chil-dren 141 casse were male and 91 cases were femla e,with age from 29 days ot 13 years( median age was 12 months) and weight from 2.5 to 66 kg ( median weight was 10 kg ) .The average pediatric clinical illness score was 80.4 ±7.7,155 cases(66.8%) were single organ dysfunction,55 cases(23.7%) were multiple organs dysfunction,105 cases(45.3%) were mechanical ventilation required fort ransportait on.Referral radi-us was 50-1 000 km(median).Among these patients,87 cases(37.3%) weret ransported over 200 km radius and73 cases(36%) were transop rted 101-200 km,62 cases(26.7%) were transported 100 km or less.D ur-ing the transportation,0 case died,3 cases(1.3%) received cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment,2 cases (0.9%) received electrical conversion treatment,2 cases(0.9%) were replaced endotracheal intuab tion,the success rate of transportation was 100%.The top 4 disae ses were respiratro y id seases(90 cases,38.8%), neural diseases(43 cases,18.5%) ,cardiovascular diseases(36 cases,15.5%) and acute pediatric trauma(28 cases,12.1%) .Al l 232 cir tically ill children were admitted to our PICU for further treatment through the Green Channel.In the end, 178 cases ( 76.7%) discharged, 24 cases ( 10.3%) gave up and 32 cases (13.8%) died.Among thse e 232 rc itically ill children,30 cases(12.9%) received special organ replacement treatment,4 casse ( 1.7%) of whom were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxyg enation, 26 cases (11.1%) received blood purification therapy.Conclusion Establishing the system of transportation between PICU of hospitals will be propitious to treat the critically ill children energetically and effectively.It is worth pro-moting to master the transportation indication of children with critical illness,which is safe and reliable.

Objective To report the clinical and imaging characteristics of 9 cases of gastric duplication in children,as well as to probe into all kinds of imaging examination methods,with an aim to improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy.Methods Nine cases of children with gastric duplication that received surgical resection and were pathologically confirmed in our hospital from January 2009 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestations,complications,complicated malformation and imaging findings of the cases were summarized.Three asymptomatic cases were carried out regular ultrasound examination follows-up preoperatively.Results Gastric duplication in children varied in terms of cliuical manifestations.All the 9 cases were performed ultrasonography preoperatively,and 5 of them were accurately diagnosed.Meanwhile,7 cases received preoperative CT examination,with 2 cases being confirmed.Three cases received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination,with 2 cases being confirmed.And 2 cases had upper abdominal gastrointestinal imaging (GI) examination,but no definite diagnosis was made.Three cases of asymptomatic children with enlarged lesion can be seen in follow-up.Conclusions Gastric duplication is a rare congenital malformation,ultrasound allows to clearly display the capsule wall structure and the relation between gastric duplication with gastric wall,which is associated with high utilization rate and diagnosis rate,and it can be served as the preferred imaging examination method for gastric duplication in children.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of γ-interferon release test (IGRA) in the diagnosis of entry-exit people with tuberculosis.Methods A total of 64 patients with tuberculosis and 46 healthy people were detected by IGRA,tuberculin skin test (TST),LAM,38× 103 and 16 × 103.The results of different methods were compared and analyzed.Results The sensitivity of IGRA detection method (88.9 ％) and specificity (95.8 ％) were both higher,while the sensitivity (92.7 ％) of the TST method was higher and the specificity (76.7 ％) was lower.Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of IGRA in the detection of tuberculosis are higher,and it has important clinical application value.

Objective To study the echocardiographic characteristics and its diagnosis value on congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) in children. Methods Thirty-one patients with SVAS diagnosed by multiplane echocardiography were enrolled in the study. Their echocardiographic characteristics were compared with cardiac catheterization, operation, and gene detection results. Echocardiographic changes were mainly observed in aortic valve, supravalve, descending aortic arch, pulmonary artery valve, main pulmonary artery and its branches,and coronary artery. Results Of the 31 patients,26 had hourglass type SVAS,4 hypoplastic type,and 1 membranous type; 2 patients had extremely mild stenosis (defined as a Doppler gradient <25 mm Hg) ,20 mild (25～49 mm Hg) ,5 moderate (50～75 mm Hg) ,and 4 severe C>75 mm Hg) ones. Nineteen patients were diagnosed with Williams syndrome by gene detection. Three patients were associated with aortic valve stenosis including one missed at the initial diagnosis; 10(32.26%) patients with pulmonary stenosis, including pulmonary valve stenosis in 6, left and right pulmonary artery stenosis in 3 ,and branch stenosis in 1:6 patients with coronary stenosis. Conclusions The sternal border and five chamber apical views are the best to detect SVAS. Williams syndrome patients are prone to SVAS.Pulmonary stenosis echocardiography forms a great proportion of the SVAS patients. Routine examination is necessary for coronary stenosis in cases of SVAS.

20/h. In the regression equationthat AHI was as the dependent, only volumetric change rate of velopharynx had statistic significance. CONCLUSION Middle-age and old women with OSAHS have obvious anatomy abnormalities which are the morphological foundation of the OSAHS. Higher compliance of upper airway plays an important role in the OSAHS pathogenesis in middle-age and old women.

Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in children.Methods The echocardiographic images of 14 patients with ALCAPA confirmed by operation and 18 patients with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) diagnosed by clinical were compared and analyzed.Results Both ALCAPA and EFE exhibited obvious dilated left ventricle,decreased left ventricular systolic function,thick endocardium and mitral regurgitation of different degree.The former additionally showed dilated right coronary artery(RCA) with normal origin,left coronary artery(LCA) emerging from the root or wall of the pulmonary artery(PA),the retrograde flow into PA in LCA and abundant collateral vessels in myocardium.However the later exhibited normal diameter of LCA and RCA and no collateral vessels.Conclusions Color Doppler echocardiography not only demonstrates left ventricular systolic function,endocardium,mitrial regurgitation and collateral vessels in myocardium,but also shows the origination and courses of LCA clearly,which provide exact informations to diagnose ALCAPA.The echocardiography can be used as a powerful tool of ALCAPA diagnosis and preoperative assessment.

Objective To investigate the effects of clearing liver and purging the heart decoction( CLPHD) combined with methimazole on hormone levels in hyperthyroid rats. Methods Rats were administered with levothyroxine (600 μg·kg-1 ) for 3 weeks to establish the hyperthyroid model,and the serum contents of T3,FT3,T4,FT4,TSH and TRAb in hyperthyroid rats treated with CLPHD combined with methimazole were detected. Results Methimazole, CLPHD, and the combination therapy significantly reduced food intake,water intake and body temperature of the hyperthyroid rats. All treatments reduced levels of FT3, T4 and FT4 in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with the CLPHD mono-therapy, the combination therapy significantly lowered serum T4 in hyperthyroid rats,but not the TRAb level. Conclusion CLPHD combined with methimazole can obviously improve the function of thyroid gland in hyperthyroid rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of repairing nearly circumferential defect with the submental flaps after resection of laryngeal function unpreserved hypopharyngeal cancer. METHOD: All the cases were treated with the submental flaps after resection of hypopharyngeal cancer with laryngeal function unpreserved. RESULT: All 13 flaps were alive. Hypopharyngeal fistula occurred in 2 cases. All patients had normal swallowing function. The patients were followed up 6-42 months. Of 13 cases,3 had recurrence at neck Lymph node, but no local hypopharyngeal recurrence was found. Seven cases were followed up more than 3 years, and only 3 of them survived. CONCLUSION Submental flap is an ideal tissue flap submental flap in repairing of approaching circumferential defects after hypopharyngeal cancer ablation with laryngeal function unpreserved for the repairment of after approaching circumferential defects after hypopharyngeal cancer ablation with laryngeal function unpreserved, For it is close to the defect region, safe, easy-to-obtain and easy-to-survive.
Fistula ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Hypopharynx ; pathology ; surgery ; Larynx ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

Aim To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in adenosine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.Methods HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ADO for 36 h,and the effect of ADO on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Cell nuclei DAPI staining was used to detect the nuclei change after being treated with different concentrations ADO for 36 h or 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for different time.The effect of ADO on HepG2 cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 12 h or 24 h.Translocation of CHOP and Caspase-3 were measured by immunofluorescence after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 36 h.The proteins expressions of CHOP,Caspase-4,Caspase-3 and JNK were assayed by western blot.Results The viability of HepG2 cell decreased in a dose-dependent manner;the relative cell viability of 0.5,1,2,4,6 mmol?L-1 decreased by 13.48%?0.12%,27.92%?0.25%,35.21%?0.42%,51.46%?0.24%,71.42%?0.58%,compared with the control group respectively.The nuclei of HepG2 cells treated with different ADO concentrations or 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO showed condensation,rounding and shrinkage,then fragmentation,which demonstrated cell apoptosis.After being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 12 h or 24 h,cell cycle analysis showed sub-G1 phase increased;the apoptotic ratio of control,12 h and 24 h was 1.55%?0.12%,10.96%?0.07% and 21.04%?0.26% respectively.Immunofluorescence assay showed the CHOP and Caspase-3 translocation to the nuclei after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO.The expressions of CHOP,Caspase-3 and Caspase-4 increased after being treated with different concentrations ADO for 36 h,while the expression of JNK did not change.Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in adenosine-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.