Programmed death1-ligand(PD-L1)is a new member of B7 family,whose receptor is pro-grammed death-1(PD-1). The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 can down-regulate the activation of immune response. There are some differences in the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in normal tissues and tumor tissues, which may provide a new way for the immunotherapy of carcinoma.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of recombinant human Ad-p53( rAd-p53) injection combined with cisplatin in treating malignant pleural effusion by conducting a Meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive collection of randomized controlled studies(RCTs)of rAd-p53 combined with cisplatin versus single cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion was retrieved form Cochrane Library,Pubmed, EMBase,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5. 2 software. Results Ten RCTs involving 538 patients were identified in the study. The Meta-analysis results showed that rAd-p53 combined with cisplatin group had a higher hydrothorax total remission rate than single cisplatin group (RR = 1. 67,95% CI:0. 90-2. 01;Z = 5. 51,P = 0. 000 01). The PS score in rAd-p53 combined with cisplatin group was better than that in single cisplatin group(RR = 1. 76,95% CI:1. 45-2. 14;Z = 5. 69,P <0. 000 01). The incidence rate of adverse reaction of heating in the former was higher than that in the latter (RR = 3. 10,95% CI:2. 25-4. 27;Z = 6. 94,P < 0. 000 01). There were no significant differences in adverse reactions of chest pain(RR = 0. 99,95% CI:0. 50-1. 96;Z = 0. 04,P = 0. 97),gastrointestinal reaction (RR = 1. 16,95% CI:0. 90-1. 50;Z = 1. 13,P = 0. 26)and marrow suppression(RR = 1. 09,95% CI:0. 81-1. 47;Z = 0. 59,P = 0. 55)between the two groups. Conclusion rAd-p53 combined with cisplatin therapy for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion is superior to single cisplatin therapy. Mean while,fever is self-limited,and the safety is identified. It is worthy for promotion of rAd-p53 injection combined with cisplatin inclinical treatment of advanced malignant pleural effusion.

Objective To explore the levels of neutrophil gelatinase -associated lipocalin(NGAL)and Ser-um cystatin C(CysC)in plasma in essential hypertension(EH)and to discuss their clinical significance.Methods 92 patients with essential hypertension were selected as EH group.At the same time,88 healthy subjects were selected as the healthy control group.The levels of plasma NGAL,serum CysC and some other biochemical markers were detected.The results were statistically processed.Results The level of Plasma NGAL in EH group was(149.22 ± 11.52)μg/L and the level of serum CysC in EH group was(0.92 ±0.03)mmol/L.The level of Plasma NGAL in the healthy control group was(101.4 ±7.71)μg/L and the level of serum CysC in the healthy control group was(0.71 ± 0.02)mmol/L.The levels of Plasma NGAL and serum CysC were significantly increased in EH group compared with those of the healthy control group(F =27.491,P <0.01;F =24.646,P <0.01).Plasma NGAL was positively corre-lated with the degree of EH and the level of serum CysC(r =0.48,P <0.01).Conclusion Plasma NGAL and serum CysC were significantly increased in EH patients,with a significant positive correlation to the degree of nephropathy damage.Both of them can become diagnostic measurements for early diagnosis of nephropathy damage induced by EH.

Clinical oncology is becoming more and more important as the tumor incidence increases year by year. According to the need of clinical teaching, some important contents in teaching should be emphasized. And some ideas should be pard attention to such as chronic disease needing long-period and long period of treatment of chronic tumor diseases, necessary pathlolgical diagnosis, in despensible evidence-based medicine, multidisciplinary treatment combined with individualized treatment, caring psychological problems and pain in cancer patients, recognizing tumor research progresses by way of molecular targeted therapy. Finally, some teaching methods to raise study interest in a flexible way were put forward.

Objective To observe heart functions of the patient with cancer receiving combined chemotherapy of paclitaxel plus cisplatin through troponin test and speckle tracking echocardiography. Methods 43 patients who had been scheduled to receive combined chemotherapy of paclitaxel plus cisplatin were recruited in the study. Ser-um cTnT and cTnI levels were measured before chemotherapy,after the first cycle of chemotherapy,middle cycle of chemotherapy and after the last cycle of chemotherapy. In all patients, the lobal longitudinal systolic strain( GSL) and strain rate(GSRs)of the LV as well as peak early-diastolic strain rate (GSRe) and peak late-diastolic strain rate ( GSRa) were measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography at every stage. Results The patients' serum cTnT and cTnI level after chemotherapy were increased gradually(P<0.01). After the last stage of chemotherapy the GSL and GSRs decreased significantly, having made significance in statistics ( P <0.01 ) . Compared with those before chemotherapy, the patients' GSRe and GSRa in the early stage of chemotherapy had no significant difference (P>0. 05), but compared to those of the middle and last stage of chemotherapy, significant difference (P<0.01) existed. Conclusion Paclitaxel plus cisplatin induce certain subclinical myocardial injury to patient's heart. Cardiac troponin level and speckle tracking echocardiography have important value in the obser-vation of heart functions of the patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Objective To study the impact of the high temperature and muggy weather on the people’s life and work. Methods The data of summer temperature and relative humidity (Jun-Aug) from 1971 to 2000 and that of 2006 were used and the characteristic of muggy weather and distribution in main cities, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Yibing, Suining and Dazhou in Sichuan basin were compared, the influence of the thermal environment on people comfort degree was evaluated by using temperature-humidity index. Results 177 high temperature days, 17 high temperature processes, 167 muggy weather days and 12 muggy processes were seen in 5 cities in Sichuan basin in the summer of 2006. The thermal environment of Chengdu and Dazhou mainly manifested the lighter heat, heat and lower comfort degree. At 2 p.m., the relative humidity weakened the comfort degree in Chengdu, but enhanced it in Dazhou. The duration of non-comfort degree in Dazhou was longer than that in Chengdu. Conclusion The relative humidity has a strong impact on people comfort degree and the combined use of temperature and relative humidity will be useful to evaluate the city thermal environment and people comfort degree.

This study is to investigate the effect of ZL-004 on normal mouse and mice with leukopenia induced by chemotherapeutic agents. 5-Fluorouracil were administered intraperitoneally to mice to develop leucopenia, and the mice were treated with ZL-004. The number of peripheral leukocytes and the percentage of granulocyte in total WBC were examined. The results are that ZL-004 markedly raise peripheral blood leukocytes in the normal mice and the mice model of leukopenia. So, ZL-004 could protect mice against 5-fluorouracil damage and raise peripheral blood leukocyte. Features of bone marrow smears is myeloproliferative hyperactivity in the mice, particularly the matured granulocytic series were observed. The mechanism of ZL-004 is to act on the mouse bone marrow causing proliferation and differentiation.

Objective To investigate the alteration of phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 and behavioural effects in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications after Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) inhibitor KN-93 treatment. Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by injecting stereotaxically 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle. Then, rats were intraperitoneally treated with levodopa ( 50 mg/kg with benserazide 12.5 mg/kg,twice daily) for 22 days. On day 23 ,rats received KN-93 before levodopa administration. Rotational duration was estimated. After sacrificed, subcellualr distribution of GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 were observed by western blot. Results The study showed that CaMKⅡ inhibitor KN-93 prolonged rotational duration. Moreover, KN-93 could regulate subcellular distribution of GluR1 and reduce hyperphosphorylation of GluR1 Ser831, which was closely associated with levodopa-induced motor complications. The expression of membrane GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 was (83.4 ±4.2)% and (47.2 ±5.2)% ,respectively. Conclusions These results indicated that activation of CaMKⅡ contributed to development of motor complications, through a mechanism that involved an increase in phosphorylated GluR1 Ser831. Pharmaceuticals which act to inhibit CaMKⅡ may be useful in the treatment of the motor complications in parkinsonian patients.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of paeonol (Pae) on the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 in vitro and in vivo and its effect on apoptosis.Methods Cytotoxic effect of Pae on Eca-109 cells cultured in vitro was measured by MTT assay.Anti-tumor activity was performed on BALB/c nude mice xenografts model.The morphologic changes of tumor tissue were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The apoptosis index was assessed by TUNEL.Results Pae had significant in- hibitory effect on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells,and the IC50 value was 0.342 mmol?L-1.In the model of human esophageal cancer xenografts in BALB/c nude mice,the inhibitory rates of Pae group (25、50、100、200 mg?kg-1) were 10.67%、23.54%、27.91% and 34.46% respectively.In vivo administration of Pae 100 mg?kg-1 combined with cisplatin 5 mg?kg-1 resulted in a significant inhibition of Eca-109 tumor growth with the inhibitory rate of 77.91%,compared with cisplatin used alone (58.71%).The more apoptotic tumor cells could be seen under light microscope in every theraperutic groups than those in control.Changes of ultrastructure of tumor cells including concentration and side accumulation of the nuclear chromatin,and the fragmentation of the nuclear was observed under transmission electronic microscope.Apoptosis body was also found.The apoptosis indexes of every theraperutic groups were significantly different from the control.Conclusion Pae can inhibit the cell growth and induce apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To analyse the DNA heterogeneity of 20 clinical isolates of Acinetobacteria using infrequet-restriction-site PCR (IRS-PCR ).Methods Strain-specific electrophoretic patterns from PCR products by amplifying DNA sequences flanking infrequent restriction of 20 strains of Acinetobacter were compared with the results of genotype with RAPD as well as the results of biotyping.Results Among the 20 bacteria, ten can be recognized as Acinetobacter haemolytius with biotyping, seven as Acinetobacter lwoffi, while the other 3 bacteria can not be recognized. Acinetobacter haemolytius isolates were divided into 5 gene types with IRS-PCR, isolates of Acinetobacter lwoffi were divided into 4 gene types, meanwhile, the last three bactria were divided into 2 gene types. With RAPD technique, Acinetobacter haemolytius, Acinetobacter lwoffi and the other 3 bacteria were divided into 6 gene types, 4 types, and 2 types by prime 1, respectively, the amplifying results of primer 2 divided Acinetobacter haemolytius into 9 gene types, the Acinetobacter lwoffi ,5 types and the other 3 bacteria,2 types. Conclusion IRS-PCR can be used for typing Acinetobacter and is more aceurate than biotyping. It has the same recogniton abili ty as RAPD while is of better stability and repeatability, so this method is capable of clinical application.