Objective To evaluate the molecular mechanism of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 β-HSD1)in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced insulin resistance.Methods The optimal concentration and incubation time of TNF-α for treating HepG2 cells were selected.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Western blot analysis were used to explore the effect of TNFα on the mRNA and protein expression levels of 11β-HSD1,glucocorticoid receptor (GR),phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCK)and glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase).Glucose(GO) Assay Kit was used to determine the level of gluconeogenesis.Liver/Muscle glycogen assay kit,PAS/Glycogen Stain kit were used to detect glycogen synthesis.The expression of AKT/GSK pathway was analyzed by Western blot analysis.In addition,HepG2 cells were pre-treated with BVT2733,a specific inhibitor of 11β-HSD1,before exposure to TNFα The expression of AKT/GSK pathway,the level of gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis were analyzed.Results The expression of 11β-HSD1 was increased along with the increasing concentration of TNF-α,showing a dose-dependent effect.When HepG2 cells treated with the optimal dose of TNF-α 10 μg/L for 24 hours,the levels of GR,gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis-related genes PEPCK and G6Pase were increased,while conversely,the levels of phosphorylation of AKT and GSK,and glycogen synthesis were decreased.However,all the above effects induced by TNF-α in HepG2 cells were greatly reversed by BVT2733 pre treatment.Conclusions 11 β-HSD1 participates in TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells,and BVT2733 could significantly improve insulin sensitivity.

Objective: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) among college freshmen of Hangzhou area, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention of NAFLD in universities. Methods: The 1 752 freshmen students from six universities were selected to perform a questionnaire survey, including general information, and dietary survey in the last year, by using a random sampling method. Factor analysis was used to achieve the major dietary patterns. Results: Three dietary patterns were obtained from the analysis, including the animal food, Western fast food, and traditional Chinese patterns. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest tertile of the animal food and Western fast food pattern had significantly higher BMI (P<0.01). Besides, participants in the highest tertile of the Western fast-food pattern had higher ALT and AST than those in the lowest tertile(P<0.05). Conversely, participants in the highest tertile of the traditional Chinese pattern had lower BMI, ALT and AST than those in the lowest tertile(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that Western pattern might increase the risk of NAFLD (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.09-1.72, P<0.05), whereas the traditional Chinese pattern might decrease the risk of NAFLD (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.38-0.74, P<0.05). Conclusion Different dietary patterns are closely related to NAFLD in college freshmen. Chinese traditional food should be kept their diet, red meat and fried food should be reduced to decrease. the risk of NAFLD.

This paper reviews the selection of surgical method and the treatment of complications of osteotomy for mandibular angle hypertrophy intraoral approach is the mainstream surgical method. The osteotomy method include straight line osteotomy of mandibular angle, multiple straight line osteotomy, arc osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy of mandibular outer plate. Because the operation is completed in a narrow field of vision, there are still complications such as vascular injury, nerve injury, condylar fracture, second mandibular angle and so on. It requires the surgeon to have a good aesthetic point of view, scientific evaluation, minimally invasive operation, and improve the success rate of operation.

This paper reviews the selection of surgical method and the treatment of complications of osteotomy for mandibular angle hypertrophy intraoral approach is the mainstream surgical method. The osteotomy method include straight line osteotomy of mandibular angle, multiple straight line osteotomy, arc osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy of mandibular outer plate. Because the operation is completed in a narrow field of vision, there are still complications such as vascular injury, nerve injury, condylar fracture, second mandibular angle and so on. It requires the surgeon to have a good aesthetic point of view, scientific evaluation, minimally invasive operation, and improve the success rate of operation.

This paper reviews the selection of surgical method and the treatment of complications of osteotomy for mandibular angle hypertrophy intraoral approach is the mainstream surgical method. The osteotomy method include straight line osteotomy of mandibular angle, multiple straight line osteotomy, arc osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy of mandibular outer plate. Because the operation is completed in a narrow field of vision, there are still complications such as vascular injury, nerve injury, condylar fracture, second mandibular angle and so on. It requires the surgeon to have a good aesthetic point of view, scientific evaluation, minimally invasive operation, and improve the success rate of operation.

This paper reviews the selection of surgical method and the treatment of complications of osteotomy for mandibular angle hypertrophy intraoral approach is the mainstream surgical method. The osteotomy method include straight line osteotomy of mandibular angle, multiple straight line osteotomy, arc osteotomy and sagittal split osteotomy of mandibular outer plate. Because the operation is completed in a narrow field of vision, there are still complications such as vascular injury, nerve injury, condylar fracture, second mandibular angle and so on. It requires the surgeon to have a good aesthetic point of view, scientific evaluation, minimally invasive operation, and improve the success rate of operation.

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS)method for the simultaneous determination of 11 components in Fazhi Banxia Qu(including Pinelliae Preparata,Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus,and Exocarpium Citri Grandis),and combined with grey relational analysis(GRA)and entropy weight-technique for sequencing by approximate ideal solution or technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(EW-TOPSIS)analysis to comprehensive evaluate the quality of Fazhi Banxia Qu.Methods The Shimadzu C18 column was used,and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.5%glacial acetic acid in a gradient elution manner,the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detection wavelength were set at 254 nm and 290 nm.Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate was used as an internal reference substance to calculate the other ten components'relative correction factors(RCF),after which the content determination was made.The GRA combined with the EW-TOPSIS model were used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of Fazhi Banxia Qu.Results Eleven components of Fazhi Banxia Qu showed good linear relationships within their ranges,and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999.The average recoveries were 96.94%-100.12%(RSD<2.0%,n=9).There was no significant difference between QAMS and external standard method(ESM).The relative correlation degree of the GRA model was 0.290 3-0.618 7,and the relative proximity in the EW-TOPSIS model was 0.211 4-0.634 3.The comprehensive evaluation results of the GRA and EW-TOPSIS models were the same.Conclusion The HPLC-QAMS method is convenient and accurate,and can be used for quantitative control of multi-index components in Fazhi Banxia Qu.The GRA combined with EW-TOPSIS models can be used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of Fazhi Banxia Qu.

Objective To investigate the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signal antagonist DKK1 protein in callus of distraction gap during mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).Methods Twenty four healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into distraction group,fracture control group,with twelve rabbits each,respectively.In distraction group,bilateral mandibular distraction models were established.In control group,after bilateral mandibular osteotomy,the two bone fragments were fixed by titanium plate and screws with a 5 mm gap.The expression of DKK1 in the distracted calluses was analyzed by cell digital imaging software.Results Expression of DKK1 was colocalized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of osteoblasts,fibroblasts,cartilageand newly embedded osteocytes.The expression of DKK1 increased following distraction activated after surgery,peaked at 10 days after surgery,the population of cells that stained for DKK1 decreased gradually.At 31 to 38 days postoperatively,DKK1 expression reduced gradually,mainly located in the osteocyte,and both nucleus and cytoplasm were positive staining.At each time point,the expression of DKK1 in distraction group was higher than that in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions During MDO,the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated due to the distraction and mechanical strain on the bone.With the increased expression of Wnt-related factors,the endogenous negative feedback is enhanced to induce DKK1 expression and to regulate the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This would be beneficial to the new bone formation and remodeling in the distraction gap.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric-oxygen therapy on osteoprotegerin (OPG) and integrin β1 (Itgβ1 ) expression during mandibular distraction osteogenesis .Methods Forty New-Zealand rabbits were used .The animals were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) with 20 animals each ;after accomplished osteotomy and implant distraction devices on mandible bilaterally for 3 days of latency period ,the device was activated at the rate of 0 .8 mm per day for 10 days .All animals in the experimental group were subjected to hyperbaric oxy -gen for 90 minutes once a day since the beginning of distraction ,and lasted for four weeks .In control group ,all the distractors were activated following the same distraction protocol as the experimental group ,but without hyperbaric oxygen therapy .Five animals of each group were sacrificed at 10th day after distraction ,7th ,14th and 28th day of consolidation , respectively .The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical examinations to detect OPG and Itg β1 expres-sion in the distraction gap .Semi-quantitative analysis was carried out by image analysis software . Results OPG staining was mainly located in the membrane and cytoplasm of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts in the distraction zones .The expression of OPG increased after distraction accomplished and reached to the peak at 7th day of consolidation ,and then decreased gradually .At every time point , the level of expression of OPG in the experimental group was remarkably higher than those in control group .There were significant differences between the experimental group and control group ( P <0 .01) .Itgβ1 mainly located in actively proliferating osteoblasts ,fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells . The expression of Itgβ1 decreased significantly after reached to the peak at the 10th day distraction .At 10th day distraction ,7th and 14th day of consolidation ,Itgβ1 expressed more strongly than that in the experimental group ,which was remarkably higher than those in control group .There were significant differences between experimental group and control group (P < 0 .05) .At 28th day of consolidation , Itgβ1 expressed weakly ; there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0 .05 ) . Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can up-regulate the expression of OPG and Itgβ1 in the dis-traction gap ,which may promote osteoblast differentiation ,proliferation ,enhance osteoblast func-tion ,and new bone formation in distraction gap .

Objective To explore the clinical effect of surgery-first approach (SFA) for correcting adult skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion deformity patients.Methods A total of 28 adult patients diagnosed with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were treated.Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and geniplasty were performed without presurgical orthodontics treatment;postoperative orthodontics treatment was carried out after a healing period of 2-4 weeks.Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively (T1),within a week posoperatively (T2) and six months posoperatively (T3);cephalometric measurements were carried out by the software.Results All the patients were satisfied with the effect,no complications occured.The mean postoperative orthodontics treatment duration was 13.2 months.The mean setback of mandible at Po and B point was (7.74 ± 3.93) mm (P＜0.01) and (8.13±3.84) mm (P＜0.01),and superior movement lengths were (2.73±1.83) mm and (2.76±1.67) mm,respectively.Compared to T2,Po and B point moved forwardly with (2.36±1.23) mm and (2.66±1.65) mm,and inferior movment were (2.16±1.37) mm and (1.21±0.87) mm,respectively.The mean decrease of SNB and GA was (3.74± 1.61)° (P＜ 0.01),(3.41± 1.87)° (P＜0.01),respectively.During postoperative period,both of them increased,although these were no statistical differences.Conclusions SFA combined postoperative orthodontics therapy is feasible for the correction of adult skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion,which has shorter treatment duration than traditional joint orthognathic-orthodontic.With the advantages of earlier improvements in patient's facial aesthetics and dental function,the reduction in difficulty and treatment duration of orthodontic management,and increasing patient acceptance.