BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in the formation of various tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis by increasing the permeability and migration of endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE: To construct a co-expressing vector of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165), and observe the expression of BMP2 and VEGF165 in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).DESIGN: Observation control trail.SETTING: Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College and Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The MSCs derived from the healthy adult volunteers of marrow donors. pIRES-EGFP-hVEGF165 containing total length of cDNA sequence of human VEGF165 gene was provided by Dr. Cheng Ting from Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College. pSP65-hBMP2 containing total length of cDNA sequence of human BMP2 gene was provided by Dr. Guo Ximin from the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. Enkaryotic expression vector pIRESneo (Clontech Company) Pyrobest DNA Polymerae, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase and plasmid extraction kit, DNA Fragment Purification Kit (TaKaRa Company), LiorfectamineTM liposome transfection kit, DMEM medium, trypase, TRIzoIRNA extraction kit (Gibco BRL), Omniscript RT kit (Qiagen), TaqplusDNA polymerase (Promega), PMSF, leupeptin, aprotinin, chymostatin (Sigma), protease inhibitor, PVDF membrane (Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech), rabbit anti-human BMP2 antibody and VEGF monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Company), goat anti-rabbit lgG-peroxydase (Wuhan Boster), G418 (Ameresco Company in U.S).METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College and the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between June 2005 and April 2006.hBMP2 and hVEGF165 cDNA were directional cloned into multiple clone sites of the eukaryotic expression vector pIRESneo. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restrictive enzyme Xho Ⅰ/Bgl Ⅱ digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. Liposome-mediated gene transfer method was used to transfect hBMSCs. For observation, the transfected cells were divided into IRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 group, pIRES-hBMP2 group, pIRES-VEGF165 group and empty vector group, which were transfected with pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165, pIRES-hBMP2, pIRES-VEGF165 and pIRES-neo. Meanwhile, the same number nontransfected cells were selected as blank control group. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Weszern blot were employed to observe the expression and secretion of hBMP2 and hVEGF165 gene and protein.expression vector hBMP2 and hVEGF165 gene sequence were the same as reported after restrictive enzyme EcoRI and Bgl Ⅱ digestion analysis and pIRES-BMP2 gene sequencing, which showed that the recombinant plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 highly expressed hBMP2-mRNA and VEGF165-mRNA, but the non-transfected or transfected with pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 or pIRES-hBMP2 secreted a great quantity of hBMP2, but that non-transfected or transfected with pIRES-VEGF165 or empty vector secreted only little.CONCLUSION: The co-expressing vector of hBMP2 and hVEGF165 can be expressed stably in hBMSCs.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of paeonol (Pae) on the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 in vitro and in vivo and its effect on apoptosis.Methods Cytotoxic effect of Pae on Eca-109 cells cultured in vitro was measured by MTT assay.Anti-tumor activity was performed on BALB/c nude mice xenografts model.The morphologic changes of tumor tissue were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The apoptosis index was assessed by TUNEL.Results Pae had significant in- hibitory effect on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells,and the IC50 value was 0.342 mmol?L-1.In the model of human esophageal cancer xenografts in BALB/c nude mice,the inhibitory rates of Pae group (25、50、100、200 mg?kg-1) were 10.67%、23.54%、27.91% and 34.46% respectively.In vivo administration of Pae 100 mg?kg-1 combined with cisplatin 5 mg?kg-1 resulted in a significant inhibition of Eca-109 tumor growth with the inhibitory rate of 77.91%,compared with cisplatin used alone (58.71%).The more apoptotic tumor cells could be seen under light microscope in every theraperutic groups than those in control.Changes of ultrastructure of tumor cells including concentration and side accumulation of the nuclear chromatin,and the fragmentation of the nuclear was observed under transmission electronic microscope.Apoptosis body was also found.The apoptosis indexes of every theraperutic groups were significantly different from the control.Conclusion Pae can inhibit the cell growth and induce apoptosis in human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 in vitro and in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Enophthalmos deformity is the most common complication caused by orbital blow-out fractures, and others are diplopia and worsening of visual acuity. Since the therapeutic result of orbital blow-out is not satisfactory and many complications exist after operation, it is still a dispute to select implantation materials and therapeutic regimens.OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect and assess the improvement of visual function by surgical reconstruction with porous high-density polyethylene (Medpor) for the correction of enophthalmos deformity caused by orbital blow-out fractures.DESIGN: A pre-and postoperative controlled study.SETTING: Beauty Center for Trauma Repair,Plastic Surgery Hospital,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science .PARTICIPANTS: Totally 56 patients with orbital blow-out fractures who had enophthalmos deformity caused by fists or traffic accidents, treated at Beauty Center for Trauma Repair,Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, were selected in this study from December 1996 to March 2004. Final diagnosis were made with case history, X-ray film, two-demensional and three-dimensional CT before operation. 24 cases were accompanied with other areas fractures such as zygoma and nasal bone, 34 cases with diplopia, 35 cases with visual acuity worsening after injured.METHODS: ①Material implantation: Exposure of the orbital floor, inferior and medial walls could be performed through a 2 mm inferior subciliary incision of 3 cm long. To approach the orbital rim via a dissection plane anterior to the orbital septum, sub-periosteal dissection was then performed over the orbital rim, and along the orbital floor to the orbital apex. Mobilized the soft tissue from the bone throughout the entire area of fractures and re-position it to its proper position. Took Medpor (Type 6331) sheets as the implantation materials, trimmed Medpor sheets according to the radian and anatomic form, and 2 mm larger than the defect rim was needed.If other operations were needed during the operation, they could be done.Mannitol and dexamethasone should be used just postoperatively to decrease edema of the orbital contents and reduce inner orbital excessive pressure. ②Functional evaluation standard: Diplopia: completely disappear meant recovered, less diplopia residual meant improvement, no improvement meant inefficacy. Enophthalmos: marked improvement meant the degree of enophthalmos stabilizated at below 2 mm, less improvement meant stabilizated at above 2 mm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Improvement of enophthalmos; ②Improvement of diplopia ; ③Improvement of visual acuity.RESULTS: ①All 56 cases of enophthalmos deformities caused by orbital blow-out fractures improved greatly. ② Of all the 34 patients with diplopia, 27 recovered. ③ 9 patients' visual acuity of 35 improved with different degrees. No diplopia or visual acuity worsening occurred. With a follow-up ranging from 2 months to 5 years, the degree of enophthalmos stabilizated at below 2 mm, and no relapse and other complications occurred.CONCLUTION: Medpor has such advantages as better histocompatibility,fewer complications and better visual function improvement, so it is the preferred implantation material for correcting enophthalmos deformity caused by orbital blow-out fractures.

ObjectiveTo analyze the monitoring data of schistosomiasis from 2004 to 2021 in Suzhou New District， Jiangsu Province， and to provide evidence for improving schistosomiasis elimination strategies. MethodsFollowing the Opinions on Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis， Parasitic Diseases and Endemic Diseases in Suzhou and the Technical Plan for Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis， Parasitic Diseases and Endemic Diseases in Suzhou， the monitoring of schistosomiasis in the population and snail habitats from 2004 to 2021 was conducted. The Mann-Kendall method and Joinpoint regression method were employed to analyze the trend of epidemic indicators （such as seropositive rate， prevalence of snail frames， etc.）. Time series analysis （exponential smoothing model） was conducted to predict snail occurrence. ResultsFrom 2004 to 2021， a total of 73 680 people were serologically tested for schistosomiasis， with a positive rate of 0.084%. The seropositivity rate showed statistically significant differences between different years （χ²=70.73， P<0.05）， but there was no significant trend over time. In addition， 3 053 fecal tests were conducted and no positive result was found. The snail habitats covered an area of 70.11 hm² and showed a decreasing trend （Z=-1.97， P<0.05）. A total of 30 093 frames were surveyed， of which 19.038% contained snails. The difference in the prevalence of snail frames between different years was statistically significant （χ²=7 203.09， P<0.05）， with a decreasing trend in the prevalence of snail frames （Z=-2.05， P<0.05）. A total of 26 296 live snails were seized and density of live snails was 0.874 snails per frame， showing a decreasing trend in the density of live snails （Z=-2.35， P<0.05）. A total of 12 391 snails were dissected and no infected snail was found. The areas treated with molluscicides remained stable at 264.60 hm². An area of 27.77 hm² achieved the goal of snail eradication through environmental modification， with a decreasing trend （Z=-2.44， P<0.05）. It is estimated that the prevalence of snail frames and snail density will remain relatively stable from 2022 to 2026， but the snail habitat area will fluctuate significantly， showing an increasing trend. ConclusionNo indigenous cases of schistosomiasis and no infected snails are reported， indicating the successful consolidation of schistosomiasis prevention and control measures. However， the snail habitat area fluctuates greatly with an increasing trend， suggesting the need for long-term Oncomelania snail monitoring in local areas.