The endothelial glycocalyx(EG)is an important component of the vascular endothelial barrier and plays a key role in fluid homeostasis,regulation of inflammatory responses,maintenance of vascular permeability,and platelet and leukocyte adhesion.Trauma,inflammation,infection,and medical interventions are important causes of EG shedding.Fluid therapy is an important part of perioperative management for anesthesiologists,and the selection of appropriate fluid types and fluid infusion strategies for different patients may help reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve patient prognosis.In this article,we describe the structure and physiological properties of the endothelial glycocalyx,summarize the current status of intraoperative fluid therapy,and discuss the effects of intraoper-ative fluid therapy on the endothelial glycocalyx,as well as the protective effects of fluid therapy optimization on the endothelial glycocalyx,in order to provide a reference for intraoperative fluid therapy.