The segmental distribution of sensory and motor neurons in Neiguan (内关P6) acupoint areas was studied respectively in 8 rabbits with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. The labeled neurons were found in C5-T1 segments of the spinal ganglia and in C7-T1 segments of the spinal cords (injected sides). Most labeled neurons were found concentrated in C8 and T1 of the spinal ganglia, and principally located in the circumferental areas of the spinal ganglia (47.27%). In spinal cord, the labeled neurons were located in the lateral areas of the ventral horns and the juncture of it and the lateral horns (Ⅷ-Ⅸlayers). In addition, the relation of the relative specifity of acupoints to the distributional segments of the neurons and its concentration was discussed.

To observe the protective effect of somatostatin (SS) on gastric mucosa of rats.Methods: Before gastric mucosal lesion were made in rats by pure alcohol, SS was intravenously droppedand anti-SS serum was injected into the vein, and the change of ulcer index and the degree of gastric mu-cosal lesion were observed. Results: Ulcer index of the SS group was much lower than that of the controlgroup (P

The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of mutations of p53 gene in RE and esophageal tumor induced by reflux of different gastro intestinal secretions. Gastroesophageal reflux(G), duodenoesophageal reflux(D) and duodeno gastroesophageal reflux(DG) model and control group(C) were reproduced by operations. All rats were given carcinogen (methyl n amyl nitrosamine) and their esophagi were harvested at 20, 26, 40 weeks after the operation. DNA was extracted and PCR amplification for 5, 6, 7, 8 exon of p53 followed by SSCP and AgNO 3 staining were used to detect mutation of p53 gene. It was showed that p53 gene mutations occurred in D and DG group at 20 weeks, and then more mutations were found at 26 and 40 weeks. The total rate of p53 mutation was 15 4% in groupc, 11 7% in G, 31 6% in D,and 33 3% in DG.The changes in the last two groups were significantly more compared with the former two groups.It is suggested that reflux of duodenal contents might promote mutations in p53 gene in esophageal mucosa, and reflux of gastric juice alone has lesser impact on p53 mutation.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) and ERCP separately and their combination in chronic pancreatitis. There were 262 cases of chronic pancreatitis from January 1993 to May 2001 in our hospital. Among them 60 cases examined by ERCP and EUS were analyzed retrospectively. The constriction and dilatation of main pancreatic duct and pancreatic duct stones were found by EUS. In all, there were 49 patients who diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by EUS and the accuracy rate was 81 7%. On the other hand, there were 52 patients were diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by ERCP and the accuracy rate was 86 7%. There were also 6 patients who diagnosed by ERCP but undiagnosed by EUS, their coincidence rate was 90%. Furthermore, 59 patients were diagnosed by ERCP in combination with EUS and the accuracy rate was 98 3% ( vs sole ERCP or sole EUS respectively, P

The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA expressions of p53,p16 and p21 in esophagus under duodenoesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux and to discuss the mechanism of reflux leading to esophageal tumorigenesis. Three kinds of model groups [gastroesophageal reflux(G), duodenoesophageal reflux(D) and duodenogastroesophageal reflux(DG)] and a control group(C) were made by operations. All rats were given carcinogen and the mRNA expressions of p53, p16 and p21 were measured by in situ hybridization. The expression of p53 mRNA in all reflux groups was significantly more than that in group C, and in groups D and DG was significantly more than that in group G. The expressions of p16 and p21 gene decreased in all reflux groups and were significantly lower than those in group C, but there was no difference between these reflux groups. It is concluded that reflux of both gastric juice and duodenal contents can promote tumourigenesis in esophagus by changing the expressions of neoplasm inhibiting genes.The effect of duodenal contents is stronger than that of gastric juice.

Objective To investigate the effects of gastroesophageal reflux and duodenoesophageal reflux on expression of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 and p16 in esophageal epithelium in rats. Methods Rat models of gastroesophageal reflux (G), duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DG), duodenoesophageal reflux (D) and control group (C) were set up by operations. All esophagi were draw at 1,2,4 week after operation and the expressions of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 and p16 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry analyses. Results The levels of p53, Cyclin D 1 protein expression in reflux groups were significantly greater than those in C group, and those in D and DG group were significantly higher than in G group. The expressions of p16 protein were similar in each group. The number of p21 positive cells in D and DG group was fewer than C group at 4 week, and the staining pattern correlated well with p53 staining. Conclusions Both gastric juice and duodenal contents can change expression of p53, Cyclin D 1, p21 protein in esophageal epithelium, but not that of p16. The effects of duodenal contents is stronger than gastric juice. The changes of above genes expression may associate with the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis and its complications.

Aging changes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -immuno reactive neurons in the locus coeruleus were examined in young (3 month-old). adult(12 month-old) and aged(20 month-old) Wistar male rats, using the IGSS method and image quantitative analysis. The results obtained are as follows: ① The number of TH-immunoreactive neurons docreased markedly (P

Objective To compare the value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC),Tg,TgAb and ultrasonography (US) for the differential diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with DTC after operation and radioactive iodine remnant ablation.Methods A total of 61 DTC patients with enlarged lymph nodes detected by US or physical examination after operation and radioactive iodine remnant ablation were included.FNAC was performed on the lymph nodes under US guidance within one week and the results were compared with those of Tg,TgAb and US.Final results were confirmed by comprehensive FNAC,posttreatment whole,body scan (Rx-WBS) and clinical follow-up.x2 test and Fisher's exact test were performed.Resuits Fifty-eight DTC patients had successful FNAC results,and 40 patients were confirmed as malignant and 18 as benign after overall assessment.FNAC identified 39 malignant and 19 benign cases.The coincidence rates of FNAC with postoperative pathological diagnosis and Rx-WBS for malignant cases were 100％ (20/20) and 78.9％ (15/19),respectively.For the benign cases,the coincidence rates of FNAC with clinical follow-up and Rx-WBS were 93.3％ (14/15)and 4/4,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 97.5％(39/40),100％(18/18) and 98.3％(57/58) for FNAC; 87.5％(35/40),55.6％(10/18) and 77.6％(45/58) for US; 92.5％(37/40),72.2％(13/18) and 86.2％(50/58) for Tg combined with TgAb (Tg/TgAb).The accuracy of FNAC was higher than that of US and Tg/TgAb(x2 =4.336,11.697,both P＜0.05),while US and Tg/TgAb showed no significant difference (x2 =1.450,P＞0.05).Tg/TgAb and US results were consistent in 39 cases with a diagnostic accuracy of 97.4％ (38/39) verified by FNAC,while the other 19 cases with inconsistent Tg/TgAb and US results were verified as malignant in 4 cases and benign in 15 cases.Conclusions FNAC is superior to US and Tg/TgAb in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis in DTC patients after operation and radioactive iodine remnant ablation.FNAC should be recommended particularly when Tg/TgAb and US had inconsistent results.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of famotidine were investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers after single intravenous administration of 20 mg. The blood drug levels were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography. The 1gC of famotidine in plasma vs time curve were found to be twcncompartment open model in healthy volunteers. The terminal half-life averaged 3.16h; the total distribution volume 99.40L; the total plasma clearance 392.12ml/min; the area under the plasma concentration curve 1057.45 h?ng/ml. A mathematic equation describing the whole course of blood drug levels in relation to inhibitory effects on intragastric acid output is as follows: E= 100?C2.60/(C2.60+14.712.60). The constant 14.71 is EC50 (ng/ml), the blood drug concentration producing 50% of maximal pharmacological effects. Prediction of pharmacodynamic effects from blood drug level and vice versa becomes possible by using the mathematic equation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the nerve function and the sorbitol concentrations of erythrocyte and sciatic nerve, and to evaluate the effects and mechanism of a formulae of Chinese medicine, Shen Mai Huo Xue Yin (a decoction, it ingredients including ginseng, tuber of dwarf lilyturf and safflower) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods The rats were divided into 3 groups: normal rats, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with Shen Mai Huo Xue Yin. The diabetes of rats was induced by streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of sciatic, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of caudal nerve and the H reflex were detected with evoked electromyogram; The sorbitol concentrations of erythrocyte and sciatic nerve was measured by spectrophotography. Results The sorbitol concentration of erythrocyte was positively correlated with that in the sciatic nerve, and the sorbitol concentration of erythocyte and sciatic nerve were negatively correlated with SNCV and positively with H reflex. The SNCV reduced significantly and the sorbitol concentration of both erythrocyte and sciatic nerve increased significantly in diabetic group as compared with those in normal group. The SNCV and sorbitol concentrations of sorbitol both erythrocyte and sciatic nerve in diabetic group were significantly improved after treated with Shen Mai Huo Xue Yin. Conclusion The sorbitol concentration in erythrocyte reflects the level of that in sciatic nerve and the lesion degrees of DPN. Shen Mai Huo Xue Yin alleviates the lesion of DPN in the early stage.