Besides performing medical moral rules, aneasthetist should be of special morals and deal with the relation to patients and surgeon.

There is rapid growth of pediatric surgery service in China in the recent years. A survey by the China Association �A gainst �Epi�lepsy underta�ken in �June ����� 2006���� on the ma�jor cities in different parts of the country showed a dramatic increase particularly in years 2004 and 2006. Surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy accounts for half of the operation. Surgery has an important role in the treatment of drug resistant pediatric epilepsy. With large population and vast geographical spread, it is important to further develop pediatric epilepsy surgery service in China

The earliest activities related to epilepsy surgery in China ma�� � y be tra�ce��d to the 19���50s an�� �� d 60s��. A�ter a lull during the cultural revolution, there was resurgence of epilepsy surgery from the 1980s, and rapid development from 2000. It is estimated that app�roximately 150- ���200 p hysi�cians �currentl�� � y pra�cti�ce epilepsy surgery in the country.�� In year 2��� 005, there were a total of 2,��500 �cases of e�pile�ps��y o�perate��d in whole of �China, close to half in Beijing, Tian�jin, �Shanghai, �Chongqing an��d Guang�zhou, an�� a �uarter in Beijing. There are three Chinese epilepsy surgery journals, 5 monographs on epilepsy surgery, and “��Epilepsy surgery” edite�� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� d by HO Luders has also �been translate��d into �Chinese��.

Objective Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori )contains more than 30 genes and many of them in cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) composed of cag Ⅰ and cag Ⅱ are involved in eliciting the transcription of interleikin 8 (IL 8) and the induction of IL 8 protein secretion in gastric epithelial cells, although some genes are not involved. This study was designed to observe the effect of ORF10 of H. pylori cag Ⅱ on the transcription of IL 8 in gastric epithelial cells and to test the possibility that certain genes in the cag PAI also downregulate (modulate) the transcription and expression of IL 8 in gastric epithelial cells. Methods Three strains of H. pylori mutants with deletion of ORF10 gene (ORF10, namely 28 1, 28 2, 28 3) and L5F11 cells containing IL 8 reporter gene were constructed. The constructed L5F11 cells were co cultured with the above strains and the luciferase activity (IL 8 transcription) was measured in a scintillation counter and the concentration of IL 8 protein was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The activities of luciferase induced by 3 strains of H. pylori mutants with deletion of ORF10 gene were much higher than that of the mother strain 26695 [ 28 1:(1.49 ? 0.27)?10 6 cpm vs. (0.67 ? 0.08 )? 10 6 cpm, P

Objective To investigate the resistant status and to type the phenotype and plasmid profiles of prevalent gonococcal strains. Methods A total of 98 gonococcal strains isolated from 1998 to 1999 in Zhanjiang was identified systemically. The susceptibilities of 98 strains of gonococci to penicillin,tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were detected by agar dilution method. The β － lactamase production was tested by iodometric method. The plasmids were extracted by alkaline lysis technique. Results The prevalence of gonococcal strains resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 22.44％ ,45.94％ and 55.12％ ,respectively. There were 6 positive strains for β － lactamase, accounting for 6.12％ (6/98). The most common phenotypes were susceptiblePT、 CMRNGT、 CMRNGPT and TRNG, accounting for 43.86％ ,23.46％ ,10.20％ and 10.20％ ,respectively. The detection rate of plasmids were 91.84％ .Among them, the percentages of 42.5 kb,39.5 kb,7.4 kb and 4.2 kb plasmids accounted for 11.22％ ,41.82％ ,59.16％ and 67.32％ ,respectively.There were 12 types of plasmid profiles(PP), the predominant types were 7.4kb＋ 4.2kb and 39.5kb＋ 7.4kb＋ 4.2kb, accounting for 21.42％ and 17.34％ ,respectively. Conclusion The gonococcal strains resistant to ciprofloxacin are very high in Zhanjiang. The phenotype and plasmid profiles of the strains have characteristic distribution.

Following an analysis of the problems and challenges of public hospitals in Shanghai,the paper presented the approach of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center in its problem-based reform of such hospitals.The measures include promotion of capital construction,enhanced discipline human resources,and accelerated informationization,as well as overall budget management and hospital director performance appraisal,which enhanced their service capacity and operational efficiency.

4 and the area under the curve of intragastric pH was increased to 7.18?1.06, (93.41?8.43)% and 6.20?10 5?0.90?10 5, respectively ( P

Objective To determine the role of endogenous NO in gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress and its possible mechanism. Methods SD rats were exposed to WRS repeatedly during which L NAME, a non selective NOs inhibitor, and L Arg, a substrate for NO synthesis, were administered to inhibit or promote the synthesis of NO, GMBF was measured using LDF 3 flowmeter, NO levels in gastric mucosa were tested by Griess reaction and gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated by ulcer index (UI). Results Gastric tolerant cytoprotection was accompanied by increased GMBF and NO levels in gastric mucosa. Inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis by L NAME worsened mucosal lesions induced by WRS. After repeated WRS, adaptive increase of GMBF was abolished and NO content in gastric mucosa significantly reduced. In contrast, enhancement of endogenous NO synthesis by L Arg attenuated mucosal erosions caused by WRS. GMBF and NO content in mucosa increased. After 4th WRS, mucosal lesions could be negligible. Conclusion By regulating GMBF, endogenous NO might play an important role in the gastric mucosal tolerant cytoprotection under stress. Inhibition of NO synthesis delayed the induction of tolerant cytoprotection, while increase NO synthesis will ptomote the induction of tolerant cytoprotection.

Objective To investigate the impact of angiotension II (Ang II ) on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) signaling transduction pathway in cultured rat pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Methods Growth-arrested rat PSCs were incuhated for indicted time intervals with increasing concentrations of Ang II . The DNA binding activity of NF-?B was determined using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Western blot analysis was used to examine the degradation of inhibitory proteins of NF-?B (I?Bs). Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein were assessed by Northern blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results Treatment of cells with Ang II led to a biphasic activation of NF-?B, which peaked at 15 min and 6 h later, and it was correlated with differential degradation of I?B? and I?B?. Ang II -induced NF-?B activation was greatly inhibited by antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC), diphenylene iodonium. and N-acetylcysteine, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in this process. In PSCs, Ang II induced a dose-dependent increase in the expression of MCP-1 and this effect was markedly inhibited by blocking NF-?B activation with MG132 and PDTC, indicating that Ang II -induced MCP-1 gene expression was NF-?B-dependent. Conclusion The present results suggest that Ang II , through an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism, may activate a functional NF-?B signaling pathway in PSCs, through which it may participate in pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis.

AIM:To investigate the transcriptional regulating function of the catalytic subunit(GCLC)gene of ?-glutamylcysteine synthase(?-GCS),the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione(GSH)synthetic enzymes.METHODS:The regulating region of the human GCLC gene was cloned by PCR method to construct the wild type plasmid,which expressed luciferase reporting gene.Many mutated plasmids expressing luciferase reporting gene were also constructed by the method of exonuclease Ⅲ with S1 nuclease.The transcription regulation of GCLC gene was investigated by transient transfection of the wild type and the mutated plasmids through the observation of relative activities of luciferase.RESULTS:We found that the-2 515～-2 236 bp,-864～-838 bp,-769～-538 bp,-421～-341 bp regions upside from the transcriptional start site up-regulated the gene transcription are the new positive transcription-regulating regions and the-810～-769 bp(especial the-782～-769 bp)region is the negative transcription-regulating region,which is more precise than ever.CONCLUSION:The results of this experiment provide one good foundation to study the transcription management of the GCLC gene and GSH synthesis.