ObjectiveTo clone the full-length cDNA of Microsporum canis membrane protein PQ-loop repeat protein(PQ-LRP) gene,so as to investigate the roles of PQ-LRP in the pathogenesis of tinea capitis.MethodsA Microsporum canis strain(A518) from a patient with tinea capitis served as the experimental strain.Rapid cDNA end amplification(RACE) was performed to clone the full length cDNA sequence of PQLRP gene.Bioinformatics methods were used to make a preliminary functional analysis of the gene.Results The cDNA of PQ-LRP gene was obtained with a full length of 1522 bp,including the 5' untranslated region (49 bp),coding region(1080 bp) and 3' untranslated region(393 bp).The coding region encoded a protein precursor including 359 amino acid residues.The cloned cDNA of PQ-LRP gene shared an 81％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton tonsurans and a 79％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton rubrum.Conclusions The full-lengthcDNA of Microsporumcanis membraneproteinPQ-LRP gene hasbeen successfully cloned,which will provide an important basis for further researches into the roles of PQ-LRP in Microsporum canis-associated diseases.

Objective To explore the significance of FSH1 in the pathogenicity of M. canis. Methods Thirty M. cam's strains from tinea capitis lesions and 30 M. canis strains from tinea corporis lesions were cultured, passaged, and induced by medium containing skin tissue of scalp or foreskin from children. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out to detect the expression of FSH1 mRNA in the firstand fifth-generation M. canis strains, as well as M. canis strains induced by the skin tissues. Results The mRNA expression of FSH1 was higher in M. canis strains derived from tinea capitis lesions than in those from tinea corporis lesions (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the first-generation and fifthgeneration M. canis strains (P> 0.05). The skin tissue from scalp and foreskin induced a significant elevation in the mRNA expression of FSH1 in these M. canis strains (F = 2025.713, 1833.139, both P< 0.01), and the inductive effect of the scalp tissue was different from that of the foreskin tissue (P < 0.01). Conclusions The FSH1 mRNA expression is different in M. canis isolated from different body sites. Local skin tissue has an inductive effect on the expression of FSH1 mRNA, and the inductive effect of scalp tissue is more apparent than that of foreskin tissue.

Objective To investigate the effect of meridian exercises on blood glucose and clinical symptoms of community elderly type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Sixty elderly patients with type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected from two communities from February to September in 2012.Thirty participants from one community received meridian excise-based group sport management (experiment group),the other 30 subjects from another community got meridian excise-based individual sport management (control group).Before and after the intervention,blood glucose and self-report symptoms were assessed.Results At baseline and after the intervention,there was statistically significant difference of postprandial blood glucose and self-symptom score between the two groups (t values were-5.954,-2.900,-4.214 and-3.798,respectively; all P＜0.05).After the intervention,experiment group showed statistically significant difference in self-assessment of symptom score from the control group (t=-5.484,P＜0.05).Conclusion Meridian exercises can efficiently improve diabetic patients' postprandial blood glucose and clinical symptons.

Objective To study the pros and cons of two methods of infusing itraconazole injectionand prevent the blockage of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.Methods 172 patients infusing itraconazole were divided into two groups by random digital table method.86 cases established an independent infusion pathway as the control group,another 86 cases using PICC for itraconazole injection and withdrawing plunger of the syringe about 0.5 ml before and after the infusion and then pulsing-flushing it with 10 ml normal saline as the experimental group.Then compared the blockage rate of PICC and the patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.Results The blockage rate of the two groups had no significant difference (x2 =0.206,P ＞ 0.05) while patients' satisfaction with nursing skills was distinct,and the experimental group's was 96.51％ (83/86),much higher than 16.28％ (14/86) of the control group.Conclusions Withdrawing taken before and after the infusion of itraconazole injection could effectively prevent catheter blockage and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing technology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of dyslipidemia and number of items conforming to the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia on new-onset acute pancreatitis (AP). MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed for 99 695 on-the-job or retired workers of Kailuan Group who underwent the first physical examination from 2006 to 2007. According to the number of items conforming to the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia in the first physical examination, they were divided into G0 group with 69 465 workers who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia, G1 group with 23 921 workers who met one item of the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia, G2 group with 5791 workers who met two items of the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia, G3 group with 500 workers who met three items of the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia, and G4 group with 18 workers who met four items of the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia. New-onset AP cases were collected once every year during follow-up, and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was used to analyze the influence of dyslipidemia on new-onset AP cases. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of AP in each group, and the log-rank test was used for comparison of cumulative incidence rate between groups. ResultsThe total follow-up time of all 99 695 workers was 782 395 person-years, and since no new-onset AP cases were observed in G4 group, G4 group was combined with G3 group for analysis. The incidence rates of AP in G0, G1, G2, and G3 groups were 1.61, 2.05, 2.59, and 7.72 per thousand person-years, respectively, and the cumulative incidence rates of AP in these four groups were 1.76‰, 2.40‰, 3.12‰, and 8.39‰, respectively. The log-rank test showed a significant difference in cumulative incidence rate between groups (χ2=15.18, P=0.004 3). After adjustment for the other risk factors, the Cox model showed that the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for AP was 1.23 (0.88-1.73) in G1 group, 1.58 (1.09-2.10) in G2 group, and 4.90 (1.81-13.37) in G3 group. ConclusionDyslipidemia is a risk factor for new-onset AP, and the risk of AP increases with the increase in the number of items conforming to the diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia.

Objective:To explore the regional brain activities in healthy adolescent subjects after sleep deprivation (SD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method.Methods:Total of 16 healthy adolescent subjects (8 males,8 females;aged 13-20 years) were recruited in the community and the campus through the internet and posters.Each of the 16 healthy adolescent subject underwent the attention network test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session twice:once was after rested wakefulness (RW condition),and the other was after SD condition.Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used to assess the local brain features.The mean ALFF signal values of the different brain areas were performed to investigate their relationships with the accuracy rate,reaction time and lapse rate in the attention network test,and were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to investigate their sensitivities and specificities to distinguish the SD condition from the RW condition.Results:Subjects showed a lower response accuracy rate [(83 ± 12) ％ vs.(97 ± 4) ％,P ＜ 0.05],a longer response time [(832 ± 134) ms vs.(715 ± 97) ms,P ＜ 0.05] and a higher lapse rate [(15 ± 11)％ vs.(2.4 ±7.3)％,P ＜0.05] under SD condition than under RW condition.They showed higher ALFF area in the right cuneus (BA 17,BA 18),and lower ALFF areas in the right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) and left inferior parietal cortex (BA 39) under SD condition than under RW condition.Under SD condition,the mean ALFF signal value of the right claustrum showed a significant positive correlation with the accuracy rate (r =0.69,P ＜0.05),and a negative correlation with the lapse rate (r =-0.71,P ＜0.05).The mean ALFF signal value of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a significant positive correlation with the reaction time (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.05).The values of area under the curve of the right cuneus,right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal cortice were 0.9,0.8,0.9,0.8 and 0.9,respectively.These different ALFF areas also showed high degree of sensitivities and specificities.Conclusion:Sleep deprivation leads to the dysfunction in the default mode network,anticorrelatedtask-positive network,and advanced cognitive function brain areas,and the functional compensation in the visual network.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSSubjects with T2DM were recruited from the population of individuals attending the Affiliated General Hospital of North China University for routine health examination between 2006 and 2007 and offered participation in this community-based prospective cohort study. Enrollees were categorized into groups according to weight assessed by baseline BMI (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese groups). Cumulative incidence of NAFLD was compared between each group and the effect of baseline BMI on new-onset NAFLD was assessed by Cox regression analysis.

RESULTSThe cumulative incidence of NAFLD increased in conjunction with increases in weight (low weight: 69%, normal weight: 73%, overweight: 90%, obese: 97%; P<0.01). Subjects in the overweight and obese groups showed an increased risk of NAFLD (relative risk (RR)=2.00, 95% CI: 1.76-2.29 and =2.87, 95% CI: 2.42-3.40; P<0.01), compared to those in the normal weight group. Moreover, after adjustment for baseline factors (e.g.age, sex) risk of NAFLD remained higher for the overweight and obese subjects (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.49-2.00 and =2.12, 95% CI: 1.73-2.60; P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRisk of NAFLD in T2DM patients increases in parallel to increase in weight assessed by BMI. BMI appeared to be an independent risk factor for NAFLD.

Body Mass Index ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective:To explore the correlation between the body mass index (BMI) trajectories and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.Methods:A total of 16388 observation subjects that met the inclusion criteria in the Kailuan study were used to form a cohort study. According to the BMI values of the observed subjects during annual physical examinations from 2006 to 2007, 2008 to 2009 and 2010 to 2011, SAS Proc Traj was used to determine four different BMI trajectories groups, namely, the low-stable medium-stable, medium-high and high-stable group. NAFLD incidence in each group was followed up during annual physical examinations from 2012 to 2013, 2014-2015 and 2016-2017. A total of 14998 observation subjects were finally included in the statistical analysis. The cumulative incidences of NAFLD differences in the four groups were compared. The Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different BMI trajectories and new-onset NAFLD. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the intergroup difference of measurement data, and pairwise comparisons were conducted. LSD test was used for the homogeneity of variance. Dunnett's T3 test was used for heterogeneity of variances. χ2 test was used to compare the count data, and the difference of NAFLD cumulative incidence rate between the different BMI trajectories groups was compared by log-rank test. Results:(1) the cumulative incidence of NAFLD was increased with the increase of BMI trajectories, which were 31%, 47%, 63%, 77%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). (2) after adjusting for multiple confounding factors such as age and gender with the Cox’s proportional hazards regression model, the risk of NAFLD in the BMI medium stable, medium-high, and high stable group was still 1.757 times [95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.589 ~ 1.942], 2.612 (95% CI: 2.353 ~ 2.900), 3.566 (95% CI: 3.129 ~ 4.064) of the low-stable group ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:The risk of NAFLD increases with increase of BMI trajectories, and long-term high levels of BMI are independent risk factors for the onset of NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the effects of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) levels at different baseline on the risk of new-onset acute pancreatitis (AP) in in-service and retired employees of Kailuan Group.Methods A total of 125 178 in-service and retired employees of Kailuan Group who received health check-ups from 2006 to 2009 and had no AP history but had complete TG data were prospectively enrolled.According to quantile level,the baseline serum fasting TG level of study subjects were divided into ＜1.01 mmol/L group (n=42 128),1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group (n=41 711) and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group (n=41 339).The incidence of new-onset AP of these three groups was analyzed.The survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method.The cumulative incidence rate was calculated and tested by log-rank method.And multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of baseline fasting serum TG level for AP.Results After followed up for (7.36±1.23) years,a total of 193 cases of AP occurred.The incidences of AP in ＜1.01 mmol/L group,1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group were 1.43 events/10 000 person-years,2.37 events/10 000 person-years and 2.49 events/10 000 person-years,respectively.The cumulative incidence rates of AP in ＜1.01 mmol/L group,1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞1.64 mmol/L group were 0.10％ (44/42 128),0.18％ (73/41 711) and 0.18％ (76/41 339),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.998,P=0.007).The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the risk of AP increased in 1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group compared with that of ＜1.01 mmol/L group,HR and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were 1.56 (1.07 to 2.29) and 1.57 (1.06 to 2.32),respectively.After excluded onset AP within one year,with a control group of ＜1.01 mmol/L group,the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the HR and 95％CI for AP of 1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group were 1.70 (1.11 to 2.58) and 1.69 (1.10 to 2.60),respectively.Conclusion Baseline fasting serum TG levels over 1.01 mmol/L may increase the risk of AP.

Objective:To investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) levels at different baseline on the risk of new-onset acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:The subjects were from the Kailuan Study Cohort and divided into 3 groups according to baseline BMI levels: BMI<24 kg/m 2, normal weight; BMI 24-28 kg/m 2, overweight; BMI≥28 kg/m 2, obesity. The incidence of new-onset AP in these three groups was analyzed. The survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative incidence was calculated and tested by log-rank method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate HR of baseline BMI levels for AP. Results:A total of 123 841 subjects were included and followed up for (11.94±2.13) years, during which, 395 cases were found with AP. The incidence of AP was 2.67 per 10 000 person years in total population, and the incidences of AP were 2.20, 2.72 and 3.58 per 10 000 person-years in the normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. The cumulative incidences of AP was 0.32%, 0.40% and 0.49% in normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively, which showed a significant inter-group difference by log-rank test ( χ2=13.17, P<0.01). The results of multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that obesity group ( HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.92) had a higher risk for AP compared with the normal BMI group. The subgroup analyses by age and sex showed that compared with the normal weight group,the HRs for AP in the obesity group was 1.58(95% CI:1.14-2.19) and 1.40(95% CI:1.03-1.90) among subjects younger than 60 years old and male subjects, respectively. After excluded onset AP within two years from baseline,with a control group from normal weight,the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the AP in the obesity group was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.18-2.15). Conclusion:Obesity may increase the risk of developing AP, particularly among young and middle-aged men.