OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of taper and inserting angle on stability of micro-implants in type II bone and to provide theoretical evidence for clinical selection of taper and inserting angle.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element models of type II bone sections and micro-implants were fabricated. They were designed using different tapers (diameter between 1.1 to 1.6 mm, taper between 0 to 0.0625) and different inserting angles ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees (30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees). Effects on the maximum von Mises stresses in mandible and micro-implants, as well as on the maximum displacements in micro-implants, were analyzed under an applied 2 N horizontal force.

RESULTSThe inserting angle had a significant effect on stresses and displacements, with lower distribution of stresses and displacements occurring at 60 degrees. The effect of the taper was also related to the inserting angle. The minimum stresses were 5.013 4 MPa (cortical bone) and 25.1310 MPa (micro-implant) in model D at 60 degrees. The displacements of micro-implants were proportional to the taper.

CONCLUSIONThe inserting angle has a significant effect on stability of micro-implants, and the recommended inserting angle is 60 degrees. The influence of taper on the stability of micro-implants is related to the inserting angle. The micro-implant with 0.0375 taper (maximum diameter is 1.6 mm, minimum diameter is 1.3 mm) is more suitable for type II bones.

BACKGROUND:Repairing integrity of the dura mater is very important for the prognosis of patients with convex meningioma.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application value of bio-artificial dura mater on giant convex meningioma.
METHODS:The retrospective analysis of 56 cases of dural defects due to tumor erosion in patients with giant convex meningioma was carried out. Meanwhile, the clinical efficacy, complications and fol ow-up results of the repair with artificial dura mater were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Except two cases complicated with local effusion, one case with a smal volume of subdural effusion in operative side, one case with tardive epidural hematoma, the remaining patients had no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intracranial infection, epilepsy, tissue rejection and other adverse reactions. Postoperative CT and MR examinations confirmed the site of implantation of artificial dura without abnormal radiographic changes. Five patients underwent cranioplasty of skul repair in 3 months postoperatively, and the intraoperative findings showed that the artificial dura mater had a good fusion with normal dura mater, with no adhesions and inflammatory reactions. These findings indicate that bio-artificial dura mater can reshape the original anatomical level, protect the cerebral cortex, and reduce the incidence of various complications significantly.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bayberry polyphenol(BPP) on thrombopenia induced by cytotoxic drug and radiation in mice and rats.METHODS:The mice and rats were treated with cyclophosphamide and 60Co-? radiation to establish the animal thrombopenia models.RESULTS:Platelet counts were increased in BPP treated animals with a significant difference compared with the controls(P

Objective To investigate the anti-apoptosis effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a mouse model of liver ischemia-reperfusion ( IR ) injury and to analyze the possible mechanisms . Methods A cell model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury was established after transfecting mouse liver AML12 cells with HO-1 small interfering RNA ( siRNA) . Real-time PCR and Western blot assay were performed to detect the changes of HO-1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and caspase-3 at the cellular level. The mouse models of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury were established with/without pretreatments with cobalt proporphyrin (CoPP), CoPP+znic proporphyrin ( ZnPP) and/or ZnPP. The levels of aspartate transaminase ( AST) and alanine transaminase ( ALT) in serum samples were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the chan-ges of caspase-3. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of HO-1 and Bcl2 at protein level. The pathological changes of liver tissues were observed under light microscope. The apoptosis of hepatocytes was observed by using Tunel assay. Results Decreased expression of HO-1 and Bcl2 and increased expres-sion of caspase-3 were observed in the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by pre-transfecting the AML12 cells with HO-1 siRNA. Compared with the IR injury group, the CoPP pretreatment group showed lower lev-els of AST and ALT (P<0. 05) and alleviated pathological damages in liver tissues. Moreover, the expres-sion of caspase-3 was inhibited, but the expression of HO-1 and Bcl2 were enhanced. Less apoptotic cells was detected by the Tunel assay (P<0. 05). However, these protective effects could be suppressed by adding ZnPP. Conclusion HO-1 has anti-apoptotic effects in the in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation. CoPP can upregulate the expression of HO-1 and play the role of anti-apoptosis in a mouse model of liver is-chemia-reperfusion injury.

To perform an evaluation of the on-going prospective clinical trials on particle radiation therapy and their impact on the current clinical practice as well as future clinical research and development.Furthermore,to briefly present the results of the registration trial of the IONTRIS particle therapy system at the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center.We used data from the clinicaltrials,gov and the Particle Therapy Collaborative Organization Group (PTCOG) website.After excluding retrospective and in silico studies,we examined and analyzed the prospective clinical trials for their ion type,targeting disease site,and nature.At the time of this analysis,149 prospective trials were identified on proton and carbon-ion radiation therapy,including 20 were carbon-ion and 129 trials were proton radiation focused,respectively.Except for 15 randomized phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ and Ⅲ trials,134 trials were phase 0-Ⅱ trials.Tumors from nearly all body parts were covered by the on-going trials,but trials on pediatric,GI,lung,prostate,and breast cancer account for the majority.The majority of the currently on-going trials focus on the efficacy and adverse-effects of the new dose/fractionation schemes of particle therapy as well as the use of particle therapy on new indications.Few studies invcstigate the addition of adjuvant therapy or imaging technology used in adjunct with particle therapy.Randomized trials that compare particle radiation therapy versus photon radiation is relatively uncommon.Despite the prevailing use of proton and heavy-ion radiation therapy for cancer treatment,～ 150 prospective clinical trials associated with particle radiation therapy are identified.As the majority of trials aim to investigate more efficacious dose/fractionation and the application of particle therapy on new indications,improved outcome from and expanded utilization of particle radiation therapy can be expected.

BACKGROUND:Deep vein thrombosis occurred during waiting period before operation affects the prognosis of calcaneal fractures. Therefore, it has important clinical significance for its accurate diagnosis. The staging of thrombosis during waiting period before operation for calcaneal fractures is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To detect the incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with calcaneal fracture by ultrasound elastography imaging after staging diagnosis of thrombosis. METHODS:Al objects were included in the study from patients with calcaneal fractures waiting for surgery in the Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital between 2008 and 2015. Patients received preoperative duplex ultrasonography. Those with thrombosis received ultrasound elastography. The incidence of thrombosis was calculated. According to medical records, age, sex, body mass index and history of smoking were col ected. The correlation between thrombosis and above factors was analyzed by multiple Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) One hundred and forty-nine patients were final y included. Of these, 22 (14.8%) were found to affect deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb. The incidence of acute thrombosis was 9.4%. (2) Multiple Logistic regression analysis suggested that age (P=0.009, OR=1.063, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.010–1.117), body mass index (P=0.019, OR=1.302, 95%CI 1.124–1.430), history of smoking (P=0.017, OR=5.124, 95%CI 1.347-18.359), and operation waiting time (P=0.000, OR=5.190, 95%CI 1.396–19.266) were risk factors of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. (3) These results suggest that the incidences of preoperative deep vein thrombosis and acute deep vein thrombosis are very high. The risk assessment of acute deep vein thrombosis should be taken according to the patient’s age, smoking history, body mass index, as wel as the time waiting for surgery. The corresponding diagnosis and treatment program should be given to patients with thrombosis.

Objective To study the clinical features of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH).Methods The clinical data,imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) of 10 patients with PSH was analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 10 patients with PSH,9 were males and 1 was a female.The overall age of all the patients was (37.6 ± 19.1) years,ranging from 15 to 78 years.The primary diseases included traumatic brain injury 5 cases,intracranial hemorrhage 1 case,cerebral infarction 1 case,hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 1 case,arachnoid cyst 1 case and cryptococcal meningoencephalitis 1 case.All patients developed at least 5 of 7 features which contained paroxysmal agitation,hyperthemia,diaphoresis,tachypnea,tachycardia,hypertension and dystonia.PSH occurred within 24 hours after brain injury in 3 patients; 24 hours to 3 weeks in 5 patients ; 5 months in 1 patient; 9 years in 1 patient.The frequency varied from one time in several days to several times in one day.The duration varied from 1 minute to 3 hours.The episodes in 4 patients occurred more often at night,1 around palinesthesia and the frequency of other 5 patients showed no differences between day and night.There were 2 cases appeared sober-minded,and the states of consciousness of the other 8 cases were hard to judge during PSH.The Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 8 cases were 3 to 8 points and the other 2 cases were 15 points.No epileptic-form activity was detected by EEG and no particular lesions were responsible.Neuro-imaging examinations suggested frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,occipital lobe,basal ganglion,pons and lateral ventricle were damaged.And 9 patients received an ineffective antiepileptic drug treatment.The efficacy in the management of PSH with dopamine agonists combining with β-blockers was observed.Two patients achieved complete remission,6 patients had a reduction in episode frequency,1 patient showed no response to the therapy and 1 patient discharged and could not be connected.Conclusions PSH can occur after various types and different degrees of brain injury.PSH is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy,and anticonvulsant therapies are useless.PSH receives good responses to β-blockers and dopamine agonists.

This is a report of 3 cases of parkinsonism with long term administration of lamivudine. The clinic features were mask like faces, shuffling gait, lethargy and reduced automatic movement. After stopping use of lamivudine and treatment of anticholingeric drugs, the symptoms and signs of all cases were ameliorated. The possibilities of Wilson’s disease and other secondary parkinsonisms were excluded. The parkinsonism was attributed to complications from lamivudine. Lamivudine associated parkinsonism has not been reported previously in the medical literature.

Objective To study the process of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion techniques for osthol. Methods The inclusion complex of osthol and HP-β-CD was prepared by unsaturated water solution and freeze-drying technique. Inclusion techniques were selected by screening on quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method, and the entrapment efficiency was identified by HPLC. Results The optimal technical conditions were as follows:the ratio of HP-β-CD and drug was 4.5∶1;temperature for electric mixer was 35 ℃;the stirring time for thermostatic waterbath was 210 min. Conclusion This method is reasonable and it may have a prosperous future of development and application.

Objective To assess the functional role of TH 17 cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allyHSCT).Methods Bone marrow monocytes and splenic T cells were enriched from C57/BL6 donors.Recipient Balb/c mice were irradiated with 7.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and injected with 5 105 splenic T cells and 5 106 bone marrow monocytes.Survival was monitored daily,clinical graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was assayed three times a week,and detailed histopathologic analyses of lung were performed at day six after Allo-HSCT.Flow cytometry analysis was performed using CD3-FITC,CD4-PE,CD45-PerCP-CyS.5 monoclonal antibodies.Cells were stained for intracellular cytokines using mouse TH 1/TH2/TH 17 cytokine kit.Results All the experimental animals showed GVHD manifestations on the day 6 after transplantation.Animals from BMT and HF groups were scarified and histological analysis of lung was performed.Absence of TH 17 cells induced severe pathologic pulmonary lesions.The histopathology of the lung tissue was characterized by disorganization,epithelia cell damage,interstitial fibroplasias,and monocytes infiltration.The proportion of TH1 and TH 17 in BMT group was (5.53 ± 0.11 ) ％ and ( 1.04 ± 0.34)％ respectively,both significantly different from that in HF group.The levels of IL-17A and IFN-γin BMT group were (2.81 ±0.19) and (42.97 ± 0.23) pg/mL respectively.IL-17A could not be detected in HF group,yet the level of IFN-y was only (9.89 ± 0.51 ) pg/mL.IL-10 in both HF and BMT groups was not detectable.Conclusion Lung is on target of aGVHD.IL-17A may play a key role in the lung injury after transplantation.