The effects of different dose of methimazole (MMI) and different mode of drug administration were compared in patients with Graves' disease. 155 patients were divided into 5 groups at random: group A 10 mg MMI 3 times daily, group B 30 mg once daily, group C 5 mg 3 times daily, group D 15 mg once daily, group E 10 mg daily. The durations to achieve euthyroidism were not significantly different in group A, B, C and D (3.9? 1.5, 3.8? 1.3, 4.1 ? 1 .6 4.1 ?1.7 weeks respectively), but in group E (7.8?2.1 weeks) it was apparently longer than in other groups. The rate of side-effects occurring in patients treated with 30 mg, 15 mg and 10 mg daily was 37.7%, 14.7% and 5.6% respectively. Intrathyroidal concentrations of MMI were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromalo-graphy in 25 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. There was no difference of MMI concentrations in thyroid glands between the patients treated with 15 mg/d (39.1 ?15.2 ?mol/kg) and those with 30 mg/d(42.4? 14.3 ?mol/kg), or between the patients receiving the same dose on divided daily dose and single daily dose. These data demonstrate that 15 mg MMI as a single daily dose is reasonable and effective for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid nodules are very common.Its etiological factors include hyperplasia,adenomas,cancer,cysts,and thyroiditis.Most of thyroid nodules are benign.The management of thyroid nodules whether thyroidectomy or observation is according to their nature.So,the key of the therapy is to identify that they are benign or malignant.We should comprehensive evaluate patients' history,physical examination,laboratory examination,and auxiliary examination for judging the nature of thyroid nodules and making decision in the choose of thyroidectomy or observation.

50Gy) in solitary or limited BM subgroup seemed to survive longer. However in the Cox mu ltivariate analysis, only KPS, numbers of BM, extracranial systemic metastasis a nd chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors. Just as those of RPA subgro ups, the median survival from the start of WBRT was 3, 9, 16 months in 3 PI subg roups respectively.Conclusions:Overall survival in BM from breast cancer remains p oor. KPS, numbers of BM, extracranial systemic metastasis and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. RPA classification can predict the prognosis of patients with BM from breast cancer, so can the PI model.

Objective To investigate the signal pathways involved in the effects of thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb)on the secretory function of cultured thyrocytes.Methods (1)With the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),the PKA and PKC activities were observed.(2)Inhibitors or activators of protein kinases (PKA and PKC) were used to activate or block the signal pathways and the secretion of T3 measured by radioimmunoassay.Results (1)TSAb activated both PKA and PKC in thyrocytes in a dose-,time-dependent manner(.P.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bayberry polyphenol(BPP) on thrombopenia induced by cytotoxic drug and radiation in mice and rats.METHODS:The mice and rats were treated with cyclophosphamide and 60Co-? radiation to establish the animal thrombopenia models.RESULTS:Platelet counts were increased in BPP treated animals with a significant difference compared with the controls(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effect of naloxone early to administer on acute craniocerebral trauma ME_THODS:46 patients with acute craniocerebral trauma were randomly divided into two groups:Besides routine treatment,25 patients were treated with naloxone in a dose of 8mg q d ,21 patients did not treated with naloxone The GCS score,plasma ET levels,transcranial Doppler(TCD),and electroencephalogram(EEG) were measured 1 day,7 days after the administration The results were analyzed statistically RESULTS:In treatment group,GCS score was obviously improved,the level of ET in plasma was reduced;brain vasospasm incidence rate was lower and abnormal rate of EEG was lower in comparison with those in control group As a result,the detecting indices in treating group were superior to those in the control group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) on the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity and its signal transduction pathways in cultured thyrocytes. Methods The TPO activity in primary cultured human thyrocytes was determined by amended guaiacol oxidation assay. At the same time, inhibitors of signal transduction were applied and the roles of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), phosphatidylinositol (PIP 2)/Ca 2+and tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) pathway on the TPO activity in cultured thyrocytes were observed. Results TSAb significantly enhanced the TPO activity in cultured thyrocytes, and the peak of TPO activity (360% of controls) reached with 4 mg/ml TSAb for 48 h. Addition of PKA inhibitor for blocking cAMP/PKA pathway decreased TPO activity by 79.2% (P

Objective To explore the feasibility of the reconstruction of three dimensional dynamic finite element model of the knee joint based on two-dimensional CT and MRI image data. To analyze the impact of mobile-bearing versus fixed-bearing platform prostheses of the knee joint on patellofemoral stress by the finite element method. Methods A three-dimensional digital model of the knee joint including bone,cartilage,meniscus, ligaments and tendons was reconstructed through the Mimics software. The best clinical bone cutting angle and implant placement position measurement were simulated according to the standard of total knee replacement by computers in a three-dimensionalknee model. A three-dimensional dynamic finite element model of mobile-bearing and fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasties was reconstructed finally. The data was analyzed by the SPSS 19.0 software. The test standard level α was 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in the peak value of patellofemoral stresses between fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing platform posterior cruciate-substituting prostheses at 0° ,30° ,60° ,90° ,or 120° of knee flexion(P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the peak value of patellofemoral stresses between fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing platform prostheses.

Objective To determine relative risk factors for positive surgical margins in extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP). Methods From February 2004 to September 2007,33 patients(mean age 70 years old)with prostate cancers underwent extraperitoneal LRP.All patients were diagnosed by pathology preoperatively.Gleason score:3+3 14 cases(43%),3+4 11 cases(33%),4+3 6 cases(18%),4+4 2 cases(6%).Clinical stage:T1a-T1b 4 cases(12%),T1c 14 cases(43%),T2a-T2b 5 cases(15%),T2c10 cases(30%).Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results LRP was successfully performed on 31 cases.There were 2 cases converted to open surgery.Nine cases(27%)had PSMs.There were 6 cases(67%)and 4 cases(17%)of clinical stage T2c in PSM and negative surgical margin(NSM)groups respectively(P=0.010).There were 3 cases(33%)and 0(0)with high Gleason score(higher than 7)in PSM and NSM cases(P=0.015).There were 4 cases(44%)and 5 cases(21%)with t-PSA higher than 20dg/ml in PSM and NSM cases respectively(P=0.178).In these 9 cases,there were 4 cases(44%)positive with DRE.However there were 9 in the 24 NSM cases(38%)(P=0.509).Clinical stage T2c was independently positively correlated with PSM(OR=24.69).High Gleason score(higher than 7)and t-PSA higher than 20 ng/ml were positively correlated with PSM. Conclusions Clinical stage is positively correlated with PSM.It is an independent factor.High Gleason score(higher than 7)and t-PSA higher than 20 ng/ml mignt be the risk factors in predicting PSM and should be used together with clinical stage.Positive DRE findings may be also useful to predict PSM.

Objective To assess the impact of learning curve on perioperative complications in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) by a series of consecutive 200 cases in a single center.Methods Two hundred patients who were biopsy proved prostatic carcinoma and underwent LRP were retrospectively evaluated.All the operations were performed by professor Ma Lulin.The patients were divided into 4 groups according the time of operation.All the clinical data,including age,body mass index (BMI),preoperative PSA level,biopsy Gleason score,and clinical stage were collected.Operative parameters and peri-operative complications were evaluated,including operative time,blood loss,transfusion rate,and perioperative complications.The complications were evaluated by Clavien classification system.Results Age,BMI,PSA,prostate volume,biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage had no significant difference among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The operative time was gradually lowered from group one to group four.Significantly less blood loss occurred after every 50 cases of LRP (P ＜ 0.001).The complication rates were 15.5％ in this series,28.0％,18.0％,12.0％ and 4.0％ for group one to group four respectively.The complication rate reduced as experience was gained (P =0.008).The rates of mild complications were 24.0％,14.0％,6.0％ and 4.0％,and severe complication rates were 4.0％,4.0％,6.0％ and 0,respectively.Conclusion With experience was gained and technique was improved,the operative time and blood loss of LRP decreased and complication rate reduced substantially.