Objective To study the safety and efficacy of target-controlled infusion (TCI) sedation with low dose ketamine and propofol during rigid cystoscopy in elderly male patients. Methods Forty-five elderly male patients with I - III grade of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)rigid cystoscopy examination were divided into 3 groups randomly: group A, 2% lydocaine gel was filled in urethra, n=15; group B, 2% lydocaine gel filled with propofol TCI sedation, n=15; group C, 2% lydocaine gel filled with combined ketamine and propofol TCI sedation, n= 15. The mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2)were measured at 5 time points; preoperation, during local anesthesia, inserting the scope, during testing and the end of testing. The concentration of effect room, wake time when alertness and calm grading (OAA/S)was 3 scores in B and C groups and visual analogue scale( VAS) score of pain after operation were detected. Results The MAP and HR at the time point of inserting the scope in group A had significant difference,compared with preoperation(P0. 05) . In group A, 10 cases pain VAS score were light pain, 4 moderate and 1 severe. In group B and C,no pain and no memory of the operation were reported. Conclusions TCI sedation with low dose of ketamine and propofol in elderly male patients under rigid cystoscope has good effects on sedation, analgesia and anterograde amnesia. The hemodynamics is stable and wake time is short.

Objective To explore the relationship between self-management behaviors and family function among elderly pa-tients with diabetes in community in order to provide evidence for community nursing of diabetes.Methods A total of 670 elderly patients with diabetes were selected with convenience sampling household survey method and investigated with the family Adapta-tion,Partnership,Growth,Affection,and Resolve(APGAR)and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities(SDSCA).Results The family functions total score of the elderly patients with diabetes in community was (6.95±2.91),the self-management behav-iors total score was (20.06±5.80),among the self-management behaviors the score for exercise was the highest and blood glucose monitoring was the lowest;family function had remarkable positive relation with the total score of self-management behaviors a-mong elderly patients with diabetes in community(r=0.156,P <0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between the self-man-agement behaviors and family function,good family function is conducive to the improvement of self-management behaviors for the elderly patients with diabetes.

To determine whether the pathological changes caused by injury to the spinal cord can be correlated with values obtained by the Magnetic Motor Evoked Potential (MEPs) technique, we studied spinal cords from 41 adult cats who were divided into 4 groups. The groups ranged from normal cats whose spinal cords were not compressed, to slightly, moderately and severely injured. MEPs were recorded before compression and in 30 minutes, 6 hours, 1 week, 2 week and 4 week after the compression unit was installed. Pathological changes with increased pressure were seen in blood vessels, nerve cells and fibers, Nissl substance and the central canal. A reversal of pathological changes was observed in slight or moderate injury during the 4 weeks of the experiment. Extensive injury, however, caused irreversible changes in the nerve cells with loss of motor function. The latency of MEPs at 30 minutes and 6 hours in the slightly injured group was 0.37 and 0.38 times greater than the baseline and returned to normal levels in 4 weeks. In the moderately injured group, the latency was increased 0.77 and 0.81 times and in the severely injured 1.32 and 1.36 times over the baseline. Recovery in the second group was partial and not at all in the severely injured. Thus, there appears to be good correlation between observed pathological changes, motor functions and MEPs.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical efficacy of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for the OSAHS children with sinusitis. METHOD: Reviewing 112 cases of children with OSAHS, in which the 80 patients without chronic sinusitis, 32 ones with chronic sinusitis. Among them, 103 cases of children with adenoidectomy, tonsil resection, 9 cases adenoidectomy only. We did questionnaire survey before and after surgeryand also did post-surgery clinical follow-up. RESULT: The effective rate was 90.0% for the OSAHS children without sinusitis after adenoid and tonsil ectomy surgery, while the effective rate was 46.9% for the ones with sinusitis, the efficiency was significant different in the two groups after surgery; the 16.1% children after tonsil ectomy surgery complained the incidence of pharyngeal foreign body sensation and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in children was 23.2%. CONCLUSION The efficiency was aviable for the OSAHS children without sinusitis after surgery; The efficiency was not aviable enough for the OSAHS children with sinusitis after surgery, so the latter one need adjuvant drug treatment; We also should be attention to the pharyngeal foreign body sensation and the lymphoid hyperplasia in children after tonsillectomy.
Adenoidectomy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; complications ; therapy ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; Treatment Outcome

In order to observe the damaged nerve successively, we used superficial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potential (MEP) in the pathological model of chronic compressed nerve of the cervical nerve roots of cats. We synthesized various change of the pathomorphology of the nerve damaged to different degrees, and discussed the relationship between the MEP and the pathomorphologic change of chronic compressed nerve roots. The results showed that the initial pathologic change of nerve with myelin was degeneration of myelin shealth. The MEP of the nerve also showed increased latency and dispersed wave forms. After that the axon of the demylinated nerve degenerated, splitted and had a peripheral Wallerian Degeneration. The MEP showed an increased latency along with decreased amplitude. The degree of the MEP's change accompanyed with pathologic change. So we believe that the magnetic compressed nerve. It has some reference value in figuring out the damage by analysing factors.

Objective:To study the current neonatal mortality rate and causes of deaths in Chifeng city to further reduce neonatal mortality.Methods:From 2018 to 2019, neonatal mortality data of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia were reviewed. Neonatal mortality, causes of deaths, the distribution of mortality in different groups of neonates and different tiers of hospitals were analyzed.Results:A total of 172 neonatal deaths were included. The top five causes of deaths were asphyxia (23.8%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (22.7%), severe congenital malformation (18.0%), infection (11.6%) and preterm birth (9.3%). Among the 172 neonates, 61 were full-term (35.5%). The leading causes of deaths were asphyxia (34.4%), severe congenital malformation (32.8%) and RDS (13.1%). 111 were premature infants (64.5%), including 16 infants (14.4%) with gestational age (GA)≤30 weeks died without treatment. The leading causes of deaths in premature infants receiving treatment were RDS (29.7%), asphyxia (18.0%) and infection (15.3%). 124 cases (74.0%) were early neonatal death (END) (death within 7 d after birth). The top 3 causes of END in preterm infants were RDS (43.1%), asphyxia (27.7%) and severe congenital malformations (12.3%). The top 3 causes of END in full-term infants were asphyxia (44.2%), severe congenital malformations (23.3%) and RDS (18.6%). 48 cases (26.0%) were late neonatal death (LND) (death after 7 d of age). The top 3 causes of LDN in preterm infants were infection (33.3%), RDS (10.0%) and severe congenital malformations (10.0%).The top 3 causes of LND in full-term infants were severe congenital malformations (55.6%), asphyxia (11.1%) and genetic diseases (11.1%). Compared with Tier II hospitals, the GA [(33.1±4.2) weeks vs. (35.0±5.1) weeks] and the birth weight (BW) [(2 000±480) g vs. (2 620±515) g] were lower in Tier Ⅲ hospitals ( P<0.05). For full-term infants, the proportion of asphyxia as the cause of deaths in Tier Ⅱ hospitals was significantly higher than Tier Ⅱ hospitals ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Neonatal deaths mainly occur within the first week after birth with asphyxia, prematurity, severe congenital malformations, infection and RDS as the leading causes. The causes of deaths of preterm and full-term infants are different at different postnatal ages. For full-term infants, the incidences of deaths due to asphyxia are higher in Tier Ⅱ hospitals than Tier Ⅲ hospitals.

Objective To study the differentially expressed microRNAs ( miRNAs) in breast canc-er formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ( FFPE) tissue and the effect of Xihuang Pill extract on the expression of candidate miRNAs in breast cancer cell line in vitro. Methods Microarray was used to detect the differ-entially expressed miRNAs in breast cancer tissues, adjacent tissues and cancer tissues with different molec-ular types, and the results of unsupervised cluster analysis were processed by cluster software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR) was used to detect the expression of candidate miRNAs in 106 breast cancer tissues, 22 paracancerous tissues and 66 benigh breast lesions. The extract of Xihuang Pill interfered with T-47D cells and MDA-MB-231 cells, then the expression of candidate miRNAs in those cells were detected by qPCR. Results The microarray results showed that the expression of miR-130b was higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The expression of miR-205 in basal-like cancer tissues with higher malignancy was significantly lower than that in luminal cancer tissues ( P<0. 05). qPCR showed that the expression miR-130b in cancer tissues (t=6. 123, P=0. 000) and adjacent tissues (t= -3. 375, P=0. 001) were significantly higher than that in benigh lesion tissues, and the ex-pression of miR-205 in cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in benigh lesion tissues ( t =-2. 073, P=0. 041). Cell experiment in vitro showed that the expression of miR-130b in T-47D cells de-creased after the intervention of Xihuang Pill extract (t=4. 341, P=0. 012) , while the expression of miR-205 in MDA-MB-231 cells increased after the intervention of Xihuang Pill extract ( t = -3. 266, P =0. 031). Conclusions The increase of miR-130b and the decrease of miR-205 are related to the occur-rence and development of breast cancer. The increase of miR-130b and the decrease of miR-205 may be the one of anti-tumor ways of Xihuang Pill.

OBJECTIVE：To study the sta bility，in vivo release characteristics and tissue distribution of docetaxel （DTX）- dihydroartemisinin（DHA）conjugated prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles （DTX-S-S-DHA NPs ）. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to analyze DTX-S-S-DHA in vitro . The phycial and long-term stability of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in mediums [water ， saline，phosphate buffer （PBS，pH 7.4）and RPMI 1640 medium] were investigated by using particle size ，polydispersity index （PDI）and encapsulation efficiency （EE）as evaluation indexes. The in vitro release characteristics of DTX-S-S-DHA released from DTX-S-S-DHA NPs was also investigated with small glass method ，using 30％ ethanol solution with or without 10 mmol/L dithiothreitol（DTT）as medium. The small live animal imager was adopted to investigate the tissue distribution and tumor targeting capability of DiR-labeled DTX-S-S-DHA NPs （DTX-S-S-DHA/DiR NPs ）in breast cancer bearing mice. RESULTS ：In stability test，there was no statistical difference in particle size ，PDI and EE of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs incubated in water ，normal saline ，PBS and RPMI 1640 medium for 24 h. When stored at 4 ℃，with the increase of storage time ，the particle size of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in normal saline gradually increased ，while those in PBS gradually decreased ；EE of both gradually decreased to less than 75％， but there was no significant change in particle size ，PDI and EE of DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in water and RPMI 1640 medium. In the in vitro release experiments ，DTX-S-S-DHA in DTX-S-S-DHA NPs was not released in the release medium containing 10 mmol/L DTT；at 24 h，the cumulative release rate of DTX-S-S-DHA released from DTX-S-S-DHA NPs in release medium without DTT was about 83％，which was in line with first-order kinetic model. In tissue distribution test ，the distribution of DTX-S-S-DHA/DiR NPs in tumor sites of mice was significantly more than in other tissues （heart，liver，spleen，lung and kidney ）. CONCLUSIONS ： DTX-S-S-DHA NPs show good physical stability in different mediums ，especially have good long-term stability in water and RPMI ； 1640 medium；they can quickly release the parent drug in the reduction environment and has good tumor targeting.