By introducing the typical curriculum evaluation models of foreign countries such as evaluation gap model of Profet Slovakia,The CIPP model of Rumsfeld Staffan Folby,Esna education Appreciation evaluation model,explanatory models and comparing them with several current Curriculum evaluation model in China,we aim to find out the deficiencies in Chinese course evaluation process and reflect on the reform of the curriculum evaluation of our country.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and clinical application of fibrin monomer(FM)and D-dimer(D-D)in gerontal pa-tients with malignancy tumor.Methods FM and D-D were detected in 29 gerontal patients with malignant tumor,20 gerontal pa-tients with non-malignant tumor,24 gerontal healthy controls and 30 non-gerontal healthy controls by immunoturbidimetry(ITM). Results The testing results of FM and D-D in the tumor patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls(P <0.05).There was no statistical difference in FM and D-D between the gerontal patients with malignant tumor and the gerontal pa-tients with non malignant tumor(P >0.05).There was no statistical difference in FM between the gerontal healthy examination and non-gerontal healthy examination(P >0.05).There was statistical difference in D-D between the gerontal healthy examination and non-gerontal healthy examination (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion FM and D-D could be used as the indicators for diagnosing tumor thrombus in gerontal patients with tumor.However,D-D has meaningless in diagnosing tumor thrombus.In the diagnosis of tumor thrombus in gerontal patients with malignant tumor,the combination of FM and D-D should be needed.

In TCM,sui is divided into brain,spinal cord and bone marrow,etc.They are related to each other closely,stem from the kidney essence and are all connected with sea of sui,which is called fan-sui relation.Recent researches demonstrated that not only brain but also other sui can vary before or after brain damage,which may be a predictor of brain disease,or played an important role in the recovery of brain function.These achievements proved the possibility of fan-sui relation.Further research on the biological mechanism and application of fan-sui relation could:reveal the essence of 'kidney storing essence and generating sui'in TCM better and develop the new idea of the pathological mechanism of brain diseases;enhance preventive consciousness and construct the new preventive system of brain diseases characterized by TCM;help finding new methods or appropriately combine current methods to treat brain diseases.The new viewpoint can provide a chance to develop a new research field of brain diseases and improve the preventive and treatment system of brain diseases.

Objective To explore the impact of physical activities on adolescents' external problem behaviors and the mediating effect of self-esteem.Method The physical activity rating scale(PARS-3),Achenbach adolescent self rating scale,Rosenberg self-esteem scale and adolescent physical self-esteem scale were used to investigate 419 participants selected from middle school students in Beijing.Results Adolescents who participated in physical activities with moderate amount showed less external problem behaviors.Adolescents who participated in physical activities with large amount appeared to be of more self-esteem.Both self-esteem and body-esteem showed partially mediating effects between physical activities and disciplinary offence.Conclusion Adolescents conducting moderate amount of physical activities can enhance their self-esteem,and ultimately reduce the incidence of their external problem behaiviors.

Objective To explore the TCM pathogenesis regularity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD);To provide basis for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was used. The clinical observation form of NAFLD was used to collect the patient data. Factor analysis and singular value decomposition methods were used to study the internal factors of the four diagnostic characteristics. The differences between the various analytical methods were compared. Results Factor analysis used the α factor analysis method, the principal component method, and the image factor method. The results of α-factor analysis were the best. The first three factors had the highest explanatory rates of data, namely spleen-dampness factor, kidney deficiency factor and qi deficiency factor, which constituted the basic pathogenesis factor of NAFLD. The singular value decomposition method obtained 3 singular values, namely spleen and kidney qi deficiency, liver and kidney yin deficiency, and qi and yin deficiency, also highlighted the spleen and kidney deficiency in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Conclusion Spleen-kidney deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Treatment based on deficiency for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has great clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: Selenium is one of necessary microelement of human body. It acts as the active center of selenium-contained enzyme with antioxidant function, which can clean up internal free radical, effectively catalyze harmful perhydride deoxidizing into innocuous hydroxyl compound,reinforce immunity of human body, prevent and cure cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cancer.OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for preventing and treating cardiocerebrovascular diseases via comparison of blood selenium content between patients and healthy persons.DESIGN: Case-control analysis.SETTING: Dalian Railway Medical School, Dalian Railway Hospital, Department of Applied Chemistry, Dalian Railway College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 319 blood samples (169 males, 150 females)were collected from patients with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases from Dalian Railway Hospital from March 2000 to May 2001. Among them,there were 164 with hypertension, 97 with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD), 41 with cardiac dysrhythmia and 17 with cerebral vascular accident. 300 healthy patients (159 males and 141 females) were in the healthy group.METHODS: The blood selenium content of patients with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases was detected with neopolarography.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Total level of blood selenium of testees of the two groups. ②Comparison of level of blood selenium between males and females. ③Comparison of level of blood selenium of patients with different diseases.RESULTS: A total of 619 testees were involved in the result analysis. ①The total level of blood selenium of the patient group was lower than that of the healthy group [(114.0±52.5), (146.5±51.0) μg/L,P ＜ 0.001],which was only 76% of that of the healthy persons. ②Content of blood selenium of males and females was normal distribution. There was insignificant difference between males and females (P ＞ 0.10), but the level of blood selenium in females was slightly higher than that of males. ③The levels of blood selenium of patients with hypertension, CAHD, cardiac dysrhythmia were 82.7%, 68.6% and 66.0% of that of healthy persons, respectively, but the difference between males and females was insignificant(P ＞ 0.10). The level of blood selenium of patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was the lowest, (84.4±28.9)μg/L, which was 57.6% of healthy persons.CONCLUSION: The content of blood selenium of patients with cardiocerebrovascular diseases is lower than that of healthy persons. Organic selenium and inorganic selenium should be supplemented moderately.

Objective To assess the value of hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HyCoSy) with the contrast agent SonoVue in the diagnosis of women infertility. Methods Thirty-six cases of infertility underwent HyCoSy using SonoVue and compared with laparoscopie hydrotubation. Resnlts Among 69 fallopian tubes,22 of them were diagnosed to be obstructive by HyCoSy. Compared with laparoscopic hydrotubation, the sensitivity and specificity of HyCoSy were 90. 5 % and 93.8 %, respectively. Conclusions HyCoSy is a convenient, non-invasive, non-radiative method,which may be regarded as an effective tool to assess the fallopian tubes in patients with infertility.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of Fasciola gigantica infection,and to provide reference for future diagnosis and treatment.Methods Four cases of confirmed Fasciola gigantica infection were analyzed retrospectively for epidemiological information,clinical manifestations,laboratory results,imaging findings,diagnosis and treatment outcomes.Results Four Fasciola gigantica infection cases were farmers from Binchuan County,Yunnan Province.All presented with fever,hepatalgia,percussion pain,hepatomegaly,eosinophilia,hyperglobulinemia,neutrophilia and anemia.Computed tomography (CT) scans showed multiple low density shadows scattered in the liver parenchyma.Eggs of Fasciola gigantica were detected in feces of the patients,and results of antibody against Fasciola gigantica detected by enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay (ELISA) were positive.Triclabendazole treatment was effective.Conclusion Human Fasciola gigantica infection is rare,without specific clinical manifestations,and triclabendazole is the first choice of treatment.

Objective To investigate the influence factors of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection complicated with chronic liver failure.Methods One hundred and eighty-six chronic HBV infection patients with chronic liver failure were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University from Jul.2008 to Dec.2013 and they served as case group.Meanwhile,186 patients with chronic HBV infection were selected and served as control group,who were hospitalized during the same period.A self-mad questionnaire was used to collect the information.The influence factors related to HBV infection complicated with acute on chronic liver failure were recorded.Results Multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that 8 variables were risk factors in terms of chronic HBV infection complicated with acute on chronic liver failure and they were virus overlap infection (OR =6.523,95％ CI:2.034 -10.030),drug application (OR =9.012,95％ CI:3.018-13.241),alcohol (OR =7.2520,95％ CI:1.985 -11.247),bacterial infection(OR =4.378,95％ CI:2.032-5.648),surgical operation (OR =8.514,95％ CI:2.114-17.253),emotional stress and fatigue (OR =2.217,95％ CI:1.729-5.648),genetic (OR =11.124,95％ CI:2.168-13.429),high PCR-HBVDNA quantity (OR =1.628,95％ CI:1.504-3.282).And one protective factorwas the usage of antiviral drug(OR=0.163,95％CI:0.085-0.417).Conclusion The risk factors include virus over infection,application of hepatotoxic drugs,disease before drinking,bacterial infection,surgical operation,emotional stress and fatigue,the genetic parents and high PCR-HBVDNA quantification;and antiviral drugs application is the protective factor in terms of Chronic HBV infection complicated with acute-on-chronic liver failure.