Objective To explore the effect of probucol on the inflammatory response in rabbits with arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods SPF male new zealand white rabbits were subjected to incomplete right femoral artery ligation model of arteriosclerosis obliterans.The model rabbits were divided into experimental group and control group.The rabbits in experimental group were treated by probucol.After treatment for 4 weeks,HE staining was used to evaluate the injury severity of right femoral artery in rabbits;ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α and CRP;Realtime PCR was used to detect the expressions of IL-1,TNF-α in right femoral artery;Western blot was used to measured the nucleus accumulations of NF-κB,and the phosphorylation of IκB.Results Compared with control group,the degree of pathological injury of right femoral artery was significantly atteunated,the levels of IL-1 、IL-6 、TNF-α and CRP in plasma,the mRNA expressions of IL-1 、TNF-α and the nucleus accumulations of NF-κB,and the phosphorylation of IκB in right femoral artery decreased significantly.Conclusion Probucol attenuates the inflammatory response in rabbits with arteriosclerosis obliterans significantly.

BACKGROUND: During vascular dementia, ischemia, hypoxia, energy expenditure, abnormal metabolism of neurons, decrease of generation of Adenosine Triphosphate and disorder of ionic environment in and out of cells are observed in brain tissue, which can cause abnormal release of monoamine transmitter.OBJECTIVE: To probe into effect of shenma yizhi capsule on content of monoamine transmitter in brain tissue of rat models with vascular dementia induced by multiple cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Pathological and Physiological Department o Liaoning Basic Medical Institute.MATERIALS: Totally 96 Wistar rats of either gender,aged 8-12 months, weighing 270-500 g, were selected. METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Pathological and Physiological Department of Vocational-technical College, Liaoning College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April to July 2001. All rats of either gender were divided into 6 groups with 16 in each group. Wistar rats in 5 groups were injected with cruor embolus in internal carotid artery to make animal model of vascular dementia induced by multiple cerebral infarction.After modeling, rats were randomly divided into 3.2 g/kg, 1.6 g/kg and 0.8 g/kg shenma yizhi capsule groups (shenma yizhi capsule was extracted from ginseng and tall gastrodia tuber with 2.7 g raw materials and provide by Xiyuan Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine),positive control group and dementia control group. Animals without modeling were regarded as normal control group. Rats in each dosage group were perfused with the corresponding dosage of shenma yizhi capsule; rats in positive control group were perfused with 1 mg/kg hydergine dihydroergotoxine; rats in dementia control group and normal control group were perfused with the same volume of saline solution. One week after modeling, rats were medicated once a day for 6 weeks. Content of monoamine transmitter was measured with high performance liquid chromatograpy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content of monoamine transmitter such as levarterenol, adnephrin, dopamine, indoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-serotonin.RESULTS: Nine rats died because of self-body quality and environmental change, and totally 87 animals entered the final analysis. Content of levarterenol of rats in dementia control group was lower than that in normal control group [(0.40±0.23), (0.70±0.14) ng/g, t=2.712, P ＜ 0.01]; content of levarterenol of rats of 3.2 and 1.6 g/kg dosage groups was higher than that of dementia control group [(0.57±0.09), (0.58±0.19), (0.40±0.23) ng/g,t=2.211, P ＜ 0.05], but was lower than that of normal control group. Content of levarterenol of rats of 0.8 g/kg dosage group was lower than that of normal control group [(0.48±0.23) ng/g, t=2.213, P ＜ 0.05], but was higher than that of dementia control group and positive control group [(0.41 ±0.19) ng/g]. Differences of other neurotransmitters were not significant.CONCLUSION: Content of levarterenol in brain tissue of rats of dementia control group is decreased obviously, but shenma yizhi capsule can increase content of levarterenol in brain tissue of rats. The mechanism of shenma yizhi capsule on treating vascular dementia is possibly related with increasing content of levarterenol in brain tissue.

Objective To compare the differences and similarities between the diagnostic criteria of obstetrics and internal medicine in China with that of Hibbard for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).Methods From March 1995 to September 2009, a total of 49 patients were diagnosed as PPCM at the Peking University People's Hospital and the Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing, China. Obstetric diagnostic criteria was:PPCM was one of dilated cardiomyopathy,occurred during the third trimester of pregnancy through the 6th month postpartum,and without cardiovascular diseases before. Internal medicine diagnostic criteria was:PPCM was unexplained cardiomegaly and heart failure, occurred during the last month of pregnancy through the 5th month postpartum, and meet the echocardiographic criteria of dialated cardiomyopathy as follows:left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) greater than 5.0 cm; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)less than 45% , and(or) left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) less than 30% ; or LVEDd greater than 2. 7 cm/body surface area (m2) ; or LVEDd > 117% of age and body surface area predictive value. Hibbard diagnostic criteria was: All four of the following: (1) heart failure within last month of pregnancy and 5 months postpartum; (2) absence of prior heart disease; (3) no determinable cause; (4) strict echocardiographic indication of left ventricular dysfunction; LVEF less than 45% , and/or LVFS less than 30% , and LVEDd greater than 2. 7 cm/m2. The compliance between obstetric and internal criteria with Hibbard criteria, and the reasons of incompliance between Chinese and international criteria were analyzed. Results Eight patients were diagnosed of PPCM by obstetricians according to Chinese obstetric criteria. Among them, 6 patients (6/8) did not meet Hibbard criteria. 2 of the six did not reach the time regulated in the criteria. All of the six had other determinable causes for heart failure, and their echocardiographic results did not meet the diagnostic standard either. The other 41 patients were diagnosed of PPCM by physicians according to Chinese internal medicine criteria. Among them, 7 patients (17%) did not meet Hibbard criteria, 3 of the seven did not reach the time regulated in the criteria, and had other determinable causes for heart failure either. 4 of the seven did not meet the echocardiographic standard part in the criteria. The Chinese internal medicine diagnostic criteria has a significant higher coincidence rate with Hibbard criteria, compared to Chinese obstetric criteria (83% vs. 25% ; P <0. 01). Among all 13 patients whose PPCM diagnosis did not meet Hibbard criteria, 5 cases did not reach the time regulated in the criteria, 9 cases had other determinable causes for heart failure, and 10 cases did not meet the echocardiographic standard part in the criteria. Preeclampsia was the most common determinable causes for heart failure, accounted for 7 cases. Conclusion There is obvious difference between Chinese and Hibbard diagnostic criteria for PPCM, especially Chinese obstetric criteria.

Objective To survey the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment and to assess its risk factors.Methods A total of 141 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis receiving nucleos(t) ide therapy from April 2008 to June 2011 were enrolled.The clinical data including virological and biochemical tests were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the risk factors of HCC occurrence.Results Patients were followed up for 6.4 to 87.6 months with a median followup time of 32.5 months.During the follow-up period,15 out of 141 patients developed HCC with an average annual incidence rate of 3.8％.HCC incidence was higher in HBeAg positive cirrhosis and in those with family history of liver cancer ( RR =4.524 and 3.858,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Patients with HBV-related cirrhosis have a high incidence rate of HCC even they recieve nucleos (t) ide analogues treatment.HBeAg positive cirrhosis and family history of liver cancer are independent risk factors for HCC.

OBJECTIVETo compare a developed absorbable chitosan/collagen membrane (CCM) with a standard biodegradable collagen membrane for the treatment of implant dehiscence-type defect in dog model.

METHODSThe right four mandibular premolars and the first molar were extracted in each of 10 beagle dogs.Four months later, acute buccal dehiscence-type defects were surgically created following implant site preparation in each dog. Using self-control, defects were randomly assigned to four different groups: CCM-1 (with the ratio of chitosan and collagen of 40: 1), CCM-2(with the ratio of chitosan and collagen of 20: 1), Bio-Gide collagen membrane (BG collagen), control. The animals were sacrificed after 4 (3 animals), 8 (3 animals) and 12 (4 animals) weeks of healing interval for histological observation and histomorphometrical analysis including defect length (DL), new bone height (NBH), bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and area of new bone fill (BA).

RESULTSNewly formed bone was observed in all the groups and became mature with time. At 8 weeks, increased mean NBH and BIC values were obtained for all the groups, the mean NBH values of the CCM-1, CCM-2 and BG groups [( 1.1 0 ± 0.11)∼(1.48 ± 0.07) mm]were significantly higher than that of the control [(0.74 ± 0.12) mm] (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, the membranes treated groups obtained more mean NBH,BIC and BA values compared with the control. The CCM-1 groups showed the highest mean NBH value [(1.91 ± 0.25) mm], which was significantly higher than the control [(1.20 ± 0.34) mm](P < 0.05).However, no statistically significant differences in BIC and BA were found between membrane groups and control and among the membranes treated groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrated that the developed CCM can enhance bone regeneration and obtaine similar amounts of newly formed bone compared with defects regenerated with a standard collagen membrane.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Chitosan ; Collagen ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dogs ; Membranes, Artificial ; Surgical Wound Dehiscence ; Tooth Extraction ; Wound Healing

Objective This study was to study the effect of monovision contact lens (MV-CL) on distant and near vision,distant and near stereopsis,and to identify the effect of degree of monovision on vision function.Methods A prospective case observational study was designed.The clinical data of sixty-eight eyes of 47 cases were collected from November 2010 to August 2014 in Henan Provincial Corps Hospital,Chinese People's Armed Police Forces.Sixty-eight eyes of 47 cases wore contact lenses to improve near vision,in which the other eye of 21 cases with hyperopia wearing contact lenses to improve distant vision.Besides,far and near stereopsis were measured before and two weeks after wearing lenses respectively;and scotopia were measrued with lenses and in naked eyes respectively.Compared the changes of vision and stereopsis in patients before and after the MV-CL,and conducted the patient satisfaction survey.Results There were 89％ (42/47 cases) and 6％ (3/47 cases) of the patients whose naked far and near vision was 0.8/0.33 (J4) at 2 weeks after MV-CL and before MV-CL,respectively.There were no statistical significance about change of near stereopsis with Titmus stereopicture and the Yan's near random-dot stereogram (x2=1.30,0.56;both at P＞0.05).There were no statistical significance about change with apparent machine random dot stereogram iterative crossed parallax and uncrossed disparity (x2 =0.16,0.11;both at P＞0.05).The far distance fusion range and far stereopsis were not significantly different between before and after MV-CL (x2 =0.22,0.16;both at P＞0.05).Titmus stereopicture tests showed that there was a decrease in the number of people who had foveal stereopsis,while an increase was found in people who had macular stereopsis after MV-CL,but the difference had no statistical significance (x2 =2.28,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Near vision can be obviously increased and presbytism can be relieved by MV-CL.Stereopsis of some patients are decreased after MV-CL,but this can be accepted by the patients and there is no obvious decrease in far range of fusion.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Forty-five healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, model, and BMSCs groups. The model and BMSCs groups received a single irradiation dose of 20 Gy to the chest, while the control group did not receive X-ray irradiation. For the BMSCs group, an injection of 1 × 10⁶ BMSCs cells was administered via the tail vein within 6 h after irradiation. In the 5th week, the lung tissue was taken to observe pathological changes with HE staining; examine the expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with immunohistochemical staining; observe the polarization of macrophages with immunofluorescence staining; and measure the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins by Western blot. Results After radiation, the model group developed pulmonary vasodilation and congestion with septal thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration, and these changes were markedly reduced in the BMSCs group. The model group showed significantly down-regulated expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with significantly increased levels in the model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Treatment with BMSCs significantly increased the polarization of lung macrophages towards the M2 type, while significantly decreasing the abnormally increased N-cadherin and vimentin levels in RILI mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion BMSCs have therapeutic effects for RILI mice, which may be through promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2.

Objective To investigate the role of hydrogen therapy in reducing radiation-induced lung injury and the specific mechanism. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, model group, hydrogen therapy group I, and hydrogen therapy group II. A mouse model of radiation-induced lung injury was established. The pathological changes in the lung tissue of the mice were examined with HE staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of surface markers of M1 and M2 macrophages to observe macrophage polarization. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-10 in the lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB (P-NF-κB) p65 was measured by Western blot. Results HE staining showed that compared with the control group, the model group exhibited alveolar septal swelling and thickening, vascular dilatation and congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue; the hydrogen groups had significantly reduced pathological damage and inflammatory response than the model group, with more improvements in hydrogen group II than in hydrogen group I. Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with those in the control group, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in the model group; the hydrogen groups showed significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and a significantly increased level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 than the model group, which were more marked in hydrogen group II than in hydrogen group I. Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of the surface marker of M1 macrophages in the model group was significantly upregulated; the hydrogen groups showed significantly downregulated M1 marker and significantly upregulated M2 marker, and hydrogen group II showed significantly increased M2 marker compared with hydrogen group I. Western blot results showed that compared with that in the control group, the ratio of P-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in the model group was significantly increased; the P-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 ratio was significantly reduced in the hydrogen groups than in the model group, and was significantly lower in hydrogen group II than in hydrogen group I. Conclusion Hydrogen inhalation therapy may reduce the inflammatory response of radiation-induced lung injury by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the polarization of the macrophage M1 subtype to the M2 subtype.