Objective To investigate the prevalence of complication and related risk factors in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Total 1 507 Uygur patients aged above 20 with T2DM were recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to October 2015.Clinical characteristics,biochemical parameters and related complications were analyzed in different age groups of patients.Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine associated factors for diabetic complications.Results Among 1 507 cases,there were 61.3％ male patients (n=924),37.4％ (n=564) with diabetes duration ≥5 years,12.5％ (n=189) with HbA1c＞10％,31.5％ (n=475) with hypertension,28.8％ (n=434) with smoking history and 37.4％ (n=564) patients without antidiabetic drug treatment.The average body mass index (BMI) of patients was (27.4±5.2)kg/m2 with a obesity rate of 43.0％ (648/1 507),and 65.0％ (980/1 507) had physical exercise＜150 min/week.The prevalence of diabetic complication was 70.6％(1 064/1 507),in which 28.7％,19.2％ and 22.7％ cases had 1,2 and 3 or more complications,respectively.The proportion of patients with coronary heart disease,stroke/transient ischemic attack and large artery atherosclerosis was 32.4％,10.4％ and 35.8％,respectively.The proportion of patients with diabetic retinopathy,nephropathy and neuropathy were 23.4％,6.5％ and 35.8％,respectively.Patients aged ≥60 years had highest prevalence of large artery atherosclerosis (38.2％,163/427) and diabetic retinopathy (27.2％,116/427);patients in age group 50-59 years had highest prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (40.3％,207/514).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c＞10％ (OR=2.74,95％CI:1.40-5.34),obesity (OR=1.54,95％CI:1.07-2.21),systolic pressure≥140 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (OR=1.42,95％CI:1.01-1.99),diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg (OR=0.37,95％CI:0.21-0.67),smoking (OR=1.53,95％CI:1.09-2.15) and physical aetivity＜150 min/week (OR=1.42,95％CI:1.07-1.89) were the risk factors of diabetic complications.Conclusion Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes in Xinjiang show a relatively high prevalence of complications.Poor glycemic control,obesity,hypertension,smoking and physical inactivity may contribute to development of complications,while well-controlled blood glucose and hypertension and quitting smoking and increasing physical activity may reduce diabetic complications.

Objective To evaluate the value of rs61330082 and rs4730153 polymorphisms of Visfatin locus for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in a high-risk population.Methods SNPscanTM high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism typing technique was used to genotype Visfatin gene loci rs61330082 and rs4730153 in 346 T2DM patients(T2DM group)and 1426 normal controls(NC group).Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze T2DM risk factors.ROC curves were used to analyze the optimal cut-off values of Visfatin gene rs61330082 and rs4730153 for the diagnosis of T2DM.Results The proportion of women,age,obesity,smoking,hypertension,FPG,HbA1c and TG were higher in T2DM group than those in NC group(P<0.01)and HDL-C was lower than in NC group(P<0.01).The frequency of G allele and GG genotype was higher in T2DM group compared with NC group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,female,obesity,hypertension,TG,and GG genotype at rs4730153 locus were risk factors for T2DM,HDL-C was a protective factor for T2DM.The area under the ROC curve of GG genotype at Visfatin rs4730153 mutation for diagnosis of T2DM was 0.668 and the optimal cut-off point for predicting T2DM was 20.04%,with sensitivity 60.1%and specificity 66.1%,respectively.Conclusion The GG genotype of Visfatin gene rs4730153 locus is associated with the risk of T2DM and can beused as a candidate gene for predicting phenotype of T2DM.

Liver transplants are in huge demand in China, but facing the problem of extreme shortage of donor organs. Xenogeneic (pig) liver transplantation may be a potential way to alleviate the shortage of donors. The liver is a detoxifying organ with synthetic functions, and when genetically modified pigs are used as donors, it faces the dual problem of overcoming immune rejection and resolving physiological function mismatches. Therefore, suppressing the innate immune response can better alleviate the immune rejection of xenotransplantation. In addition, the use of chimeras of humanized cell livers may resolve the problem of physiological function mismatch. Moreover, with the development of gene editing technology, it has become possible to obtain multiple gene edited pigs and chimeras. Therefore, exploring and researching from these two aspects will hopefully solve the current problems of liver xenotransplantation and promote the further development of the field of liver xenotransplantation.