Cyclin E is expressed starting from the middle G1 phase of the cell cycle,and is accumulated in the G1/S boundry.Cyclin E binds to and activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2.Cyclin E-CDK2 complex initiates a cascade of events that leads to DNA replication by phosphorylating its substrates,such as Rb,CDC6,NPAT and P107,etc.Additionally,cyclin E plays an important role in the regulation of genomic stability,spindle-organizing structure and centrosome cycle.Cyclin E expression is trans-activated by members of the transcription factor E2F family and degrades via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.At the same time,it is also negatively regulated by the CIP/KIP proteins.Cyclin E highly expressed in the initiation and progression of different human cancers,such as breast cancers,lung cancers,leukemia,lymphomas and others.

Objective To study the effects of pronunciation after cochlear implantation in children,and find out the common rules of initials consonant pronunciation errors.Methods We used the cards as the pronunciation articulation test from hearing impairment children's hearing,language competency assessment standards and methods to evaluate auditory-verbal ability after cochlear implantation,then recorded and analyzed the errors of the initials consonant.Results After training for 10 months,we evaluated speech articulation of prelingually deaf children of 3 to 5 years old with cochlear implants 73.93%±12.76%.The most incorrect pronunciations were/s/,/z/,/sh/,/g/,/ch/,/j/,/k/,/l/,/c/,/zh/,/f/and/p/,which had resulted in substitution.According to the classification of pronunciation articulation,it focused on supradialectical and velar while the least in bilabial and blade-alveolar.Ac-cording to the classification of pronunciation method,nasal,lateral and unaspirated stop had low error rates.Conclu-sion Only do when we comprehend rules of cochlear implants in children pronunciation as well as study,can we solve problems and do well in language training.The most incorrect pronunciations in children with CI are supradia-lectical and velar,the language training should be performed aecordingly.

Optical molecular imaging call non-invasively, quantitatively, real-time and dynamically monitor the biological processes in vivo, and enhance the understanding of disease and drug activity in the drug development process, which has been effectively used for target identification, compounds screening. pharmacodynamic action, pharmacokinetics research and evaluation of drug effect.

p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a member of a family of serine/threonine kinase.PAK4plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle,cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cytoskeletal reorganization.Recently,PAK4 has been shown to overexpress in a variety of malignancies,and contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion through multiple signalling pathways.

[bjective]This paper is about to expound the true meaning of the 374th clause of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. [Methods] Under the guidance of dynamic thinking of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, with the help of other clauses about Zaoshi syndrome, Small Decoction for Ordering the Qi, Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction, to understand the 374th clause.[Results] The 374th clause is not alone, it should be combined with the 375th clause, they tell us when we treat the combination of Shi and Re syndrome of Yangming disease, we should use Small Decoction for Ordering the Qi first, then use Gardenia and Prepared Soybean Decoction. At the same time if we want to understand the 374th clause, we should combine it with the 368th clause to 375th clause, it tells us the treatment and difference between the diarrhea of cold, wet heat, Shi and Re, deficient heat etc. [Conclusion]This clause institutes the principle of the treatment for Shi and Re syndrome of Yangming disease, completing the system of treating diarrhea. It also tells us how to combine two decoctions.

Doxorubicin is widely used in chemotherapy of breast cancer and many other cancers.How ever,doxorubicin resistance restricts its use to some extent.The mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance may involve transport protein,apoptosis protein,DNA repair function,enzyme and other factors.Researches about reversing doxorubicin resistance are ongoing and provide some effective therapeutic regimens to overcome doxorubicin resistance clinically.But the specific mechanism of doxorubicin resistance is yet to be elucidated.It is expected that more reasonable and effective counter-measures will be put forward to improve the theraputical effect of doxorubicin.

Studies show that the Notch signal transduction pathway involves in the regulation and control of cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.Aberrant Notch signaling transduction pathway can induce breast cancer in transgenic mice.High expressions of either Notch receptors or their ligands have been linked to poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.Inhibition of Notch signal transduction pathway may be beneficial for breast cancer treatment.

Objective To explore the rationality for the examination mode of residents' clinical laboratory clinical skills in the second stage and to provide scientific and reasonable basis for the second stage training. Method Statistical analysis was made on the results of the assessment of the clinical skills of the residents who took the clinical skills examination in inspection division second stage in Beijing from year 2014 to 2016. The differences between the results of the assessment of the base hospitals and non-base hospitals, three level hospitals and non-three level hospitals and different assessment modules were compared between the three groups. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The com-parison between the measured data was done by independent sample t test, and the comparison between the data was analyzed by chi square test. The test level wasα=0.05. Result From the assessment pass rate, three level hospitals were higher than non-three level hospitals (P=0.01), the base hospital was higher than non-base hospital (P=0.01), and physicians' passing rate was higher than technician'. There was statistical significance (P=0.02, P=0.01) in the auxiliary examination of the written test module of three assessment modules in 2014 and 2015. In 2015 and in 2016, there was significance (P=0.02, P=0.01) in the mean scores of case analysis. Conclusion The second stage clinical skills assessment model is more reasonable, and the non-base and non-three level hospitals should strengthen the training and management of the sec-ond stage.

Objective To investigate antiepileptic drug application and the influential factors in patients after epilepsy surgery.Methods During the period from 2002 through 2005,170 patients with intractable epilepsy who received epilepsy surgery in Xuanwu hospital were studied.They were divided into 3 groups according to the stages of operation.Patients in group A received epilepsy surgery during 2002 to October 2003,those in group B received initial phannacentieal care after epilepsy surgery during November 2003 to October 2004,and those in group C received integrated pharmaceutical care after epilepsy surgery during November 2004 to October 2005.The clinical outcomes,factors affecting antiepileptic drugs,safety and compliance with antiepileptic medication were analyzed.Results Patient's clinical outcomes(group B was 71%and group C was 81%),safety and compliance with antiepileptic medication in group B and group C are better than those in group A(46%)with a significance difference(X2=7.08,15.50,P<0.05).Conclusions The integrated pharmaceutical care rendered from the cooperation of neurosurgeon,neurologist and clinical pharmaceutist is a new and effective management mode for postsurgical epilepsy patients.

Among the different x-ray features of breast carcinoma, mass and calcification are the most significant reference parameters in the screening and diagnosis of early carcinoma. Mammographic follow-up after conservation therapy is the other important value of mammography for breast carcinoma. Calcification is the most important sign to show residue or recurrence of conservation therapy.