Objective To establish the phenobarbital addiction rat model by the modified drug‐admixed‐food(DAF) method . Methods Rats were selected as the experimental animal .The modified DAF method was adopted to construct the model .The initial dose of phenobarbital 75 mg/kg was given mixed and the dase was gradually increased day by day ,which continued for 45 d .The es‐tablished model was verified by the precipitated withdrawal method and the natural withdrawal method for judging whether the model construction succeeding .Results The convulsion rate in the DAF precipitated withdrawal group was higher than that in the control group(P< 0 .01) ;the withdrawal symptoms scores in the DAF natural withdrawal group were higher than those in the con‐trol group(P< 0 .05) ;the relieving degree of body mass in the two withdrawal groups was greater than that in the control group (P< 0 .05) .The brain section in the mode group revealed obvious cellular apoptotic change .Conclusion DAF is simple and feasible for establishing the phenobarbital addiction rat model .

Objective To explore effects of shuanghuanglian combined with levofloxacin on antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC29213 to levofloxacin. Methods Tissue cage infection model with Staphylococcus aureus was established in rabbits, and the infected animals were given with levofloxacin alone ( group A ) or in combination with shuanghuanglian ( group B) for 5 days respectively. Steady-state concentration of levofloxacin in tissue cage, bacteria recovery and bacterial resistance in tissue cage infection model were studied. Results Steady-state concentration of levofloxacin in tissue cage was not significantly different between group A and group B. The recovery rate of bacteria was significantly lower in group B than in group A (20. 0% vs. 100. 0%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower in group B than in group A. Conclusion Shuanghuanglian combined with levofloxacin is helpful to reduce antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to levofloxacin, indicating that some Chinese traditional medicine combined with antibiotics can reduce antibiotic resistance.

AIM: To compare the components of crude and processed Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai by different kinds of cutting and carbonizing. METHODS: UV-spectrometry was utilized to analyze the yield and extract content. RESULTS: Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai after being curshed has the maximum in the yield, the total phenol of carbonized products, the water extract and alcohol extract. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in intrinsic quality among various processed products of Dryopteris Crassirhizoma nakai, among them the crushed one has the highest quality, which conforms to China pharmacopeia 2000 VolⅠ.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relation between the level of bacterial endotoxin and the severeness of biliary tract infection METHDOS:Chromogenic technique was adopted to detect the content of bacterial endotoxin in human bile RESULTS:The level of bacterial endotoxin in human bile raised along with severeness of biliary tract infection CONCLUSION:Detection of bacterial endotoxin in bile using chromogenic technique is of help to the clinical judgement of the severeness of biliary tract infection

Objective To observe the effect of hydrogen on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative damage to skin fibroblasts.Methods Primary human skin fibroblasts from foreskin tissues were divided into five groups:normal control group receiving no treatment,hydrogen control group treated with hydrogen-rich saline,UVB group receiving irradiation only,post-treatment group irradiated with UVB followed by hydrogen-rich saline treatment,and pre-treatment group treated with hydrogen-rich saline followed by UVB irradiation.The dose of UVB was 30,60 and 90 mJ/cm2 in the cell proliferation assay and 90 mJ/cm2 in the other experiments.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of fibroblasts,a chemiluminescence method to estimate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as to determine the level of malondialdehyde in the culture supernatant of fibroblasts,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the supernatant level of 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α),Western blot to detect the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in fibroblasts.One-factor analysis of variance was conducted to assess differences in these parameters among these groups.Results UVB irradiation decreased the proliferative activity (absorbence value at 490 nm) of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner.Both the pre-treatment group and post-treatment group showed a statistical increase in proliferative activity of cells compared with the corresponding UVB control groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The activity of SOD and catalase as well as the protein expression of HO-1 were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.05),whereas the supernatant levels of malondialdehyde and 8-iso-PGF2α were statistically lower (both P ＜ 0.05) in the pre-treatment group and post-treatment group than in the UVB control group.Conclusion Hydrogen may mitigate UVB-induced oxidative damage to skin fibroblasts.

Objective To analyze the effects of adenohypophysis function after treating with thyrotropin releasing hormone and its clinical significance in patients with brain trauma. Methods There were 22 cases with traumatic brain injuries from July 2010 to September 2012 in Chinese people's Liberation Army nine eight hospital,after injuried within 4 to 12 hours,then 1 1 cases who were given thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)were selected as experimental group,while 1 1 cases who were given the same amount of isotonic saline were selected as control group,then the score of GCS, ICS,RLS85 and the improvement of adenohypophysis function were observed. Results After treatment,the score of glasgow coma scale (GCS ), innsbruck coma scale (ICS),and the reaction level scale (RLS85)between two groups were significantly increased in three days compared with before treatment,and within three days after injury situation,the improvements of ICS and RLS85 in experimental group were better than control group(P<0.05 ). Compared with control group,the levels of each gland pituitary hormone in experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05 ),and on the third day,the growth hormone (GH)was reduced significantly,finally 50%of that in control group. Conclusion Patients with brain injury treated with thyrotropin releasing hormone,has no significant adverse reactions,with the characteristics of safe and effective.

[Objective]To study the effects of oridonin on Bel-7402/Sora cell proliferation,apoptosis,cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway.[Methods]The concentration gradient increasing method was used to establish Bel-7402/Sora drug-resistant cell line.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate and calculate cell resistance reversal index,flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle,Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method was used to detect mRNA expression level of PI3K,AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),Western blot method was used to detect PI3K,AKT,mTOR protein expression levels.[Results]Compared with blank control group,oridonin with final concentrations of 4,8,16,32,64 μmol·L-1 had a better proliferation inhibition on Bel-7402/Sora cells(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the effect was dependent on concentration.The resistance reversal index of oridonin on Bel-7402/Sora cells is 2.024.Compared with blank control group,the early,late and total apoptosis rate of oridonin group were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);compared with oridonin group,the early and total apoptosis rate of oridonin jointed Sorafenib group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with blank control group,the proportion of G2 phase cells of oridonin group was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with oridonin group,the proportion of G1 phases cells of oridonin jointed Sorafenib group was significantly increased,and G2 phases cells was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with blank control group,PI3K,AKT and mTOR mRNA expression levels of oridonin group were significantly reduced(P<0.01);compared with oridonin group,PI3K,AKT and mTOR mRNA expression levels of oridonin jointed Sorafenib group were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Compared with blank control group,PI3K and AKT protein expression levels of oridonin group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),and mTOR protein expression levels were no statistical significance(P>0.05);compared with oridonin group,AKT protein expression levels of oridonin jointed Sorafenib group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),PI3K,mTOR protein expression levels were no statistical significance(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Oridonin can inhibit cell proliferation of Bel-7402/Sora cell,induce apoptosis,hinder cycle progression and its anti-tumor mechanism may be related to intervene in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTounderstandthetrendsandepidemiologicalcharacteristicsofsexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs)inChinaandprovidescientificbasisformakingcontrolstrategies.MethodsDuringtheperiodof1991～2001,thecase-reportingdataof8kindsofnotifiableandmonitoringSTDs,collectedfrom31provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalities,wereanalyzedwithepidemiologicalmethods.Results①Epidemictrends:Duringthisperiod,theincidenceof8kindsofSTDssteadilyincreasedfrom175528(15.48per100000population)in1991to859040(68.91per100000population)in2000.Theaverageannualgrowthofincidencewas19.30%,witharangeof2.59%～36.88%.However,thereportedcasesin2001were795612withadecreaseof7.38%comparedwiththosein2000,anditwasthefirstdecreasesinceSTDcaseswerereportedfrom1987.②Geographicaldistribution:Thehigh-incidenceareasweretheZhujiangRiverDelta,YangtzeRiverDelta,MinjiangRiverValley,NortheasternChina,andBeijing,Tianjin,andChongqingManicipalities,withtheincidencerateofover70～100casesper100000populationafter1997,andtherewereveryhighratesofincidenceover1000casesper100000populationinsomeareas.Thelow-incidenceareaswerenorthChina,partsofCentralChina,NorthwesternChinaandSouthwesternChina,withtheincidenceratesoflowerthan30～50per100000population.③Populationdistri-bution:Themaletofemaleratiodecreasedfrom1.60∶1～1.69∶1intheearly1990sto1.35∶1～1.40∶1inthelate1990s.STDincidencerateswerehighestinthe20～39agegroup,andthereportedSTDcasesofthisagegroupaccountedforover80%oftotalcases.ConclusionSexuallytransmitteddiseasesinChinahavebecomeaseriouspublichealthproblemandtheeffectiveinterventionprogrammesagainstSTDsmustbeimplementedacrossthecountry.

Primary hepatic carcinoma（PHC）is the second leading cancer that caused death in the world. The morbidity of PHC is increasing year by year,which threaten people's lives and health. Chronic hepatitis B is considered to be an independent risk factor for PHC,and the incidence of PHC is higher in patients who have progressed to liver cirrhosis. We reviewed the domestic and abroad literatures about the risk factors for hepatitis B cirrhosis progressing to PHC from the year of 1992 to 2018,and concluded that HBV-DNA,HBsAg,HBeAg expression,antiviral treatment time,different antiviral drugs,degree of cirrhosis,alanine transaminase and family history were related to the development of PHC from cirrhosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of 442 cases of hand-foot and mouth disease in children. Methods A total of 442 cases of hospitalized patients with HFMD in our hospital from January to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, according to the patient's age they were divided into group Ⅰ (317 cases), aged 2 months to 3 years old, and groupⅡ (125 cases), aged 3 to 9 years old. General information, laboratory tests, clinical manifestations of different ages were compared. Results Group Ⅰ set the number of leukocytes in children, respiratory rate, EV71-IgM positive rate and CoxA16-IgM were significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ, children of different ages were significant differences (P <0.05), group Ⅰ in fever, diarrhea proportion of patients were higher than in group Ⅱ, children of different ages were significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion EV71, CoxA16 infection is more common in HFMD children, when children have a fever, symptoms of oral herpes, diarrhea they should treat with active treatment, should pay attention to the prevention of HFMD in children less than 3 years old.