Objective To study the effects of pronunciation after cochlear implantation in children,and find out the common rules of initials consonant pronunciation errors.Methods We used the cards as the pronunciation articulation test from hearing impairment children's hearing,language competency assessment standards and methods to evaluate auditory-verbal ability after cochlear implantation,then recorded and analyzed the errors of the initials consonant.Results After training for 10 months,we evaluated speech articulation of prelingually deaf children of 3 to 5 years old with cochlear implants 73.93%±12.76%.The most incorrect pronunciations were/s/,/z/,/sh/,/g/,/ch/,/j/,/k/,/l/,/c/,/zh/,/f/and/p/,which had resulted in substitution.According to the classification of pronunciation articulation,it focused on supradialectical and velar while the least in bilabial and blade-alveolar.Ac-cording to the classification of pronunciation method,nasal,lateral and unaspirated stop had low error rates.Conclu-sion Only do when we comprehend rules of cochlear implants in children pronunciation as well as study,can we solve problems and do well in language training.The most incorrect pronunciations in children with CI are supradia-lectical and velar,the language training should be performed aecordingly.

Objective To study the factors affecting preverbal communication skill in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants.Methods A total of 31 prelingually deaf children with cochlear implantation participated in the study.They received cochlear implantation the age of 12 months with a mean of 46.71 months.The video analysis were applied to assess the preverbal communication skill including rurn-taking,autonomy,eye contact and auditory awareness.According to the implant age,preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing.Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the differences among the groups.The implant age distribution:16 cases in ≤36 months group;15 cases in >36 months group.Preoperative speech rehabilitation training (recovery time more than 3 months) : 14 cases in rehabilitation group, 17 case in no rehabilitation group.Preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing:6 cases in ≤80 dB HL group;25 cases in >80 dB HL group.Preoperative use of hearing aids (use time more than 3 months) distribution: 21 cases in use group, 10 cases in no use group.Results There was statistical signifficance in preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing(P<0.05)and there was no statistics significance group of implant age(P>0.05).Conclusion Preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants relate with better preverbal communication still.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect and postoperative complications of endoscope with plas-ma eletrosection and holmium laser in the treatment of urethral stricture. Methods 37 patients, suffering urethral stricture were treated by endoscopic plasma eletrosection and holmium laser. Tthe therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results All patients were succeeded in operation, and with almost no bleeding. Then indwelling catheter for 3-5 weeks. After the removal of the urinary catheter, 33 patients were voided well, and no complications such as urinary incontinence ; Within 3 days 4 cases were urine thinning, avoiding difficulty, given regular urethral dilation, 3 cases ineffective, and one case of the resumption. All patients were followed up for 6-24 months. There are 8 cases of plasma in patients with resection in voiding difficulty after 1-8 months, given regular urethral dilatation, then: 2 ca-ses of recovery ; 5 cases of poor results were given plasma vaporization of the trip again, haven good results ; 1 case was given routine Bladder ostomy. Conclusion The right intracavity, endoscopic endovascular treatment of urethral stricture for other lower urinary tract obstruction disease is a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment meth-od.

OBJECTIVE To investigate thechanges and clinical significance of serum Nesfatin-1 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODS 25 OSAHS cases who visited the department of otolaryngology, pneumology department, endocrinology department, physical examination center and sleep monitoring room from December 2014 to April 2015 were assigned as OSAHS group, and 25 patients with OSAHS and T2DM as OSAHS combination T2DM group, and 25 other patients as control group. All patient were took polysomnography, and the height, waist, neck circumference and BMI with all subjects were recorded. The serum Nesfatin-1 and fast blood glucose levels of all patients were measured.RESULTS The gender, age, height, waist and neck circumference had no statistical difference among all groups. The height and BMI in OSAHS group and OSAHS combination T2DM group were statistically significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05); the FBG in OSAHS combination T2DM group and OSAHS group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the FBG in OSAHS combination T2DM group were significantly higher than that of the OSAHS group, with statistically significant(P<0.05); The AHI in OSAHS combination T2DM group were significantly higher than that of the OSAHS group, with statistically significant(P<0.05); the serum Nesfatin-1 in OSAHS combination T2DM group and OSAHS group were significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant(P<0.05); FBG, AHI and Nesfatin-1 were positively correlated with each other.CONCLUSION The serum Nesfatin-1 in patients with OSAHS combination T2DM are in a high level.

Objective To investigate significance of interferon-γ/interleukin-4(IFN-γ/IL-4) and macrophages in uterus in early embryo loss (or resorption), and to elucidate the anti-abortive effect and the immunological modulation at maternal-fetal interface with quercetin and bornvl acetate. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)(0.10μg/mouse)was injected via tail vein in order to induce abortion in 7-day-gestation mice which received quercetin and bornvl acetate at days 4-7 of gestation. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in uterus lysate supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA), and uterine macrophages of each group ( n =10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of macrophages was much higher in the uteri of LPS-induced abortion mice than that in control mice. The abortion rate of mouse declined to certain level. The therapy of quercetin combined with bornyl acetate reversed LPS-induced abortion. Conclusion The increase of IFN-γ/IL-4 and the amount of macrophages in the LPS-treated mouse uterus is associated with the embryo loss, and quercetin and bornyl acetate have the anti-abortive effect through modulation of maternal-fetal interface immunity balance.

Objective To study the hemostnsis effects of compression cords oppressing after femoral artery puncture and encheiresis. Methods Self-made compression cords were used to stop bleeding of femoral artery puncture sites in 2164 patients underwent 3046 cases of arteriopuncture encheiresis. The total eases were divided into group A (1482 eases) and group B (1564 cases) according to different treatment of oppression and breaking duration which were 8-10 hours for group A and 5-6 hours for group B, the hemostasis effects, discomfortableness and related complications within two groups were evaluated. Results The proportion of patients who got good hemostasis effects were 99.2% in group A, 99.0% in group B. There was no difference in hemostasis effects between two groups (P> 0.05). While the rate of discomfortableness in group A (63.8%) was higher than that in group B(42.9%) (P<0.05). The related serious complications were 2 patients in group A, but no occurred in group B. Conclusion Self-made compression cords op- pressing and 5-6 hours breaking time course can achieve both finer hemostasis effect and lower frequency of complications after femoral artery puncture and encheiresis.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the cellular response to microbial infection and environmental stress. Activation of p38 is mediated through phosphorylation by upstream MAPKK, which in turn is activated by MAPKKK. In the Caenorhabditis elegans, the p38 MAPK (also called PMK-1) signaling pathway has been shown to be required in its resistance to bacterial infection. However, how different upstream MAP2Ks and MAP3Ks specifically contribute to the activation of PMK-1 in response to bacterial infection still is not clearly understood. By using double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) and genetic mutants of C. elegans, we demonstrate that C. elegans MOM-4, a mammalian TAK1 homolog, is required for the resistance of C. elegans to a P. aeruginosa infection. We have also found that the MKK-4 of C. elegans is required for P. aeruginosa resistance, but not through the regulation of DLK-1. In summary, our results indicate that different upstream MAPKKKs or MAPKKs regulate the activation of PMK-1 in response to P. Aeruginosa.
Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; enzymology ; genetics ; immunology ; microbiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Resistance ; Enzyme Activation ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Proteins ; deficiency ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutation ; Pseudomonas Infections ; enzymology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; physiology ; RNA Interference ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To find the key miRNA that relative to peritoneal fibrosis associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) by microarray technology,and verify its expression in vitro and in vivo.Methods The peritoneal fibrosis mouse model associated with PD were established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+ 4.25％ peritoneal dialysate.The expression of miRNA was detected by microarray in peritoneal tissues.The expression of miRNA profiles between fibrotic and normal peritoneal tissues was compared.The differentially expressed miRNA (miR-200a) was validated by real-time PCR in lager sample size cohorts.The expressions of miR-200a were also detected in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of human peritoneal mesothelium cells.Results In mice model of PD,peritoneal tissue was markedly thickened and with a massive extracellular matrix accumulation.In contrast with control,the expression level of epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly decreased,α-SMA,Col-Ⅰ and FN were remarkably increased (P ＜ 0.05).By miRNA microarray analysis,miR-200a was significantly down-regulated (3.31 folds change,P ＜ 0.05) in fibrotic peritoneal tissues.The down-regulated expression level of miR-200a was also validated by realtime PCR in larger cohorts (P ＜ 0.05).Then,the expression level of miR-200a was detected in the EMT process of human peritoneal mesothelium cells.During the process of TGF-β1 induced EMT,miR -200a was significantly down-regulated compared with the control (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Downregulated expression of miR-200a was observed both during peritoneal fibrosis and TGF-β 1 induced EMT in vivo and in vitro,suggesting that miR-200a may be involved in the peritoneum fibrosis by regulating the target genes of EMT.

BACKGROUND:Short-segment pedicle screw technology has been extensively used in the treatment and repair of thoracolumbar burst fractures in the clinic. However, it requires further investigations whether bone graft through unilateral pedicle channel has superiority. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To observe the perioperative effects on thoracolumbar burst fractures posterior by bone graft through unilateral pedicle channel with short pedicle screw segment fixation. ＜br> METHODS:Clinical data of 57 cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological symptoms treated by short segment pedicle screw internal fixation therapeutic method at the Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan City from January 2009 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. According to therapeutic methods, they were divided into three groups:pedicle screw fixation through injured vertebrae (n=21), unilateral pedicle screw fixation with vertebrae pedicle screw (n=19), and the short segment pedicle screw fixation with unilateral pedicle screw fixation and bone graft through pedicle channel (n=17). We observed the changes in operation time, the blood loss volume in operation, postoperative drainage blood (at the period of removing the drainage tube), injured vertebrae height’s ratio, the Cobb’s angel of injured vertebrae sagittal plane, vertebral canal encroachment rate and visual analog scale. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The unilateral pedicle screw fixation and bone graft by pedicle channel could prolong operation time and increase postoperative drainage blood volume (P＜0.05). (2) Three operation methods improved vertebral body height. (3)There were no significant differences in Cobb’s angle postoperation among the three groups (P>0.05). These data suggested that the bone graft through pedicle channel was not the factors to improve the spine kyphosis. (4) Bone graft by pedical channel improved vertebrae channel value. (5) Bone graft through pedicle channel combined with screw implantation could improve pain after treatment. These findings indicated that the therapeutic technology of short pedicle screw fixation on thoracolumbar vertebral burst fracture with unilateral pedicle fixation and bone graft through pedicle channel is a safe reliable operation method.

Objective To investigate the influence of tissue-specific growth hormone receptor (GHR)deficiency in type 1 diabetes in the mice at the gene level using pancreaticβcells combined with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes model.Methods The experiment was divided into four groups:knockout mice group (LLc knockout group), using the homozygotes (LLc:LL+Cre) producted by pancreaticβ cell-specific expressed recombinant enzyme mice (RIP-Cre)and Cre-LoxP system modified GHR mice (Floxed,LL);LL control group, containing Floxed GHR allele homozygous mice (LL);LLc STZ group and LL STZ group (STZ was used for inducing type 1 diabetes model mice). The mice with feeding glucose≥25 mmol · L-1 were considered to be successful models.The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT),pancreas tissue HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed in the mice.Results The blood glucose of the mice in LL STZ group and LLc STZ group and LLc STZ group were increased after inj ection of STZ and the models achieved the diagnostic criteria for diabetes 1 6 d later.The results of GTT showed that compared with LLc control group and LLc knockout group, the blood glucose levels of the mice in LL STZ and LLc STZ groups were increased (P<0.05).There was no significant change of morphology and structure of islets between LL control group and LLc knockout group detected by HE staining. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the insulin level of the mice in LL STZ group was significantly reduced compared with LL control group;the insulin level of the mice in LLc STZ group was reduced compared with LLc control group.Conclusion Pancreaticβcell GHR gene knockout has no effect on the blood glucose and the function ofβcells in the mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes.