The pathological changes of the lungs in 16 dogs with blulet-caused fracture of the hind legs were studied. Under light microscopy, the pathological features were marked capillary congestion, extravasation of red cells in either the interstitium or alveolar spaces, atelectasis, leucocyte infiltration of the interstitium, mild pulmonary edema, and fat emboli in the small vessels. These changes, with the exception of fat embolism, were found to occur 2 hours after injury, and were fully developed around 24 hours. Then fat embolism supervened. Most of the changes gradually subsided and disappeared as time went by.The results of this study indicate that there can be pathological lesions in the lungs secondary to the bullet-induced fracture of the hind legs in dogs.

The histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the lungs of 11 pigs suffering from comminuted fracture of the femur produced by high-velocity sieel bullet were studied. The steel bullet was 7.62 mm in diameter and 1.03 g in weight. The pulmonary changes were observed 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury.It was found that microvascular congestion, aggregation of RBC and WBC, and degranulation of WBC were prominent features 24 hours after injury. The basement membrane of the endothelium was broken. Type I pneumocytes became swollen and deteriorated. The lamellar bodies of Type II pneumocytes were evacuated rapidly. 48 to 72 hours after injury, these pathological changes gradually ameliorated.The pulmonary pathology occurring after bullet - induced fracture observed in this study is similar to that of adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in character but much milder in intensity. Its prognosis is always fine. Most of the experimental animals showed no symptoms or signs of ARDS. It is concluded that severe limb trauma can induce subclinical ARDS.

The separation,purification and activity determination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with nucleic acid molecular hybridization was described and the changes of bFGF in lung injury treated with prostacy-clin were observed.It was found that bioactive bFGF and bFGF-mRNA could only be found in the injured lung tissues but not in the normal lungs.Administration of prostacyclin could slightly elevate the activity of bFGF and signficantly increase the level of bFGF-mRNA.The findings of this study suggest that there is an increase of bFGF level after lung injury,prostacyclin can influence the expression of bFGF,and bFGF plays an important role in the repair of the injured lung tissues.

The inhalation,exhalation,electronics system and clinical application of Newport E360 ventilator are introduced.Study and technical analysis are given on the working principles of dual servo gas delivery system(one for air and the other for oxygen).The safety system and circuit system are studied and analyzed to provide reference for engineers in equpiment department in hospital.

Objective To compare the sedative efficacy with oral or rectal chloral hydrate in pediatric patients by using Meta-analysis method.Methods Ten randomized controlled trials about the sedative efficacy with oral or rectal chloral hydrate in pediatric patients were retrieved.Meta-analysis was carried out using the RevMan 5.0 software.Results The results showed that the sedative efficacy with rectal medication was better than that with oral way.Nausea and vomiting occurred in 95 children with oral chloral hydrate,bowel movement occurred in 57 children with rectal chloral hydrate.Conclusions The sedative efficacy with rectal chloral hydrate was better than that with oral way.The safety in pediatric sedation with chloral hydrate should be emphasized in order to avoid adverse reaction.

Objective To explore the factors related to the tolerance to enteral nutrition (EN) in gastric carcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment and the implementation strategy of EN.Methods Fifty-four patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing surgery from November 2011 to September 2012 in the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University were enrolled.EN were applied with sequential and gradual strategies.The tolerance status to EN was recorded.Factors related to the patient tolerance to EN were analyzed using single-factor and multiple-factor Logistic regression analysis.The incidences of gastrointestinal symptoms during EN application were recorded.Results Among the 54 patients,49 (90.74％) patients could tolerate EN.Single-factor analysis and multiple-factor Logistic regression analysis both showed that tumor staging (single-factor analysis:x2 =7.287,P =0.007 ; multiple-factor analysis:t =2.559,P =0.014) and surgical approach (singlefactor analysis:x2 =7.825,P =0.005 ; multiple-factor analysis:t =2.254,P =0.043) were major factors affecting patient tolerance to EN.Among the patients tolerant to EN,abdominal distension (19/49,38.8％) was the major gastrointestinal symptom of EN.Conclusion The sequential and gradual EN application strategy is suitable for the patients with gastric cancinoma after surgery,and can be widely used in clinical practice.

The experimental teaching of Pharmaceutical Technology plays a critical role in improving the students' knowledge conversion,application,and innovation abilities in pharmaceutical engineering specialty.According to the problems existing in experimental teaching process,exploration and practice on the case teaching method and the student-centered teaching mode are introduced in this paper.The implementation of the teaching reform can effectively combine pharmaceutical technology theory with practice,and is conducive to the professional development of pharmaceutical engineering in our university.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte rate ( NLR) in acute pancreatitis related acute kidney injury patients .Methods Peripheral blood specimens and clinical information of 98 acute pancreatitis patients in Wenzhou Center Hospital were collected .The WBC, neutrophils , lymphocytes were detected and NLR were calculated when they were admitted .The patients were divided into two groups by their NLR and whether they were with AKI respectively .Besides, ALT, Hct, TC, TG, blood calcium concentration , serum creatine and urea nitrogen , C reactive protein were detected and patients′APACHEⅡ score were also recorded to analyze the difference between the two groups .Results There is no significance in the age , BMI, Hct, TG, TC, ALT and blood calcium between AP patients with and without AKI.The blood creatinine, BUN, CRP, APACHEⅡscore were (395 ±122)μmol/L, (28.2 ±5.2) mmol/L, (34.0 ±8.2)mg/L, (11.5 ±3.8) score, respectively in AP patients with AKI, and which were (79 ±17 )μmol/L, ( 7.3 ±2.0 ) mmol/L, ( 14.8 ±2.9 ) mg/L, ( 6.9 ±2.4 ) score, respectively in AP patients without AKI.The blood ALT, blood creatinine, BUN, CRP, APACHEⅡscore were (257 ±76)U/L, (159 ±62)μmol/L, (20.5 ±6.6)mmol/L, (24.8 ±5.5)mg/L and (12.4 ±4.6) score in the patients with higher NLR respectively , and which were ( 165 ±30 ) U/L, ( 98 ±23 )μmol/L, ( 14.3 ±5.2 ) mmol/L, (19.5 ±3.0)mg/L and (5.4 ±2.1) score in the patients with lower NLR respectively .NLR was 4.97 ±0.19 in AP patients with AKI, and was 9.62 ±0.81 in AP patients without AKI.The difference between the two groups was significant(P=0.0001).The area under ROC curve of diagnosing AP by NLR was 0.895 (95%CI 5.75).the sensitivity was 89.5%and the specificity was 77.2% when using 5.75 as the cut-off value to diagnose AP related AKI with NLR .Conclusions NLR can be a potential predictive index of the severity and relate to renal function in acute pancreatitis related acute kidney injury patients .

Objective To study the changes of anorectal motility and rectal sensation in the elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The anorectal motility and rectal sensation were investigated by Medtronic PC-Polygraf HR made by Sweden in 35 non-elderly patients versus 19 elderly patients with UC, and 20 non-elderly healthy subjects (HS) and 28 elderly HS were as control group. Results (1) The static pressure, pressure of anal sphincter and the maximal squeeze pressure of anal sphincter in non-elderly patients and elderly patients with UC showed no significant differences compared with those in non-elderly HS and elderly HS group (elderly patients with uc vs. ederly HA:t= 1.311,1.298,1.401;nonederly patients with uc vs. nonederly HS: t=1.294,1.299,1.322all P＞0.05). When abdominal pressure was increased, the net increased pressure of anal sphincter was (2.8±1.1) kPa in the elderly patients with UC, (2.9±1.3) kPa in the non-elderly patients with UC. The pressures were lower in two UC groups than in HS groups [elderly HS group:(3.8±1.2) kPa; non-elderly HS group:(3.9±1.2) kPa,elderly patients with uc vs. ederly HS:t=2.238,nonelderly patients with us vs. nonederly HS:t=2.243 all P＜0.05]. (2)The rectal lowest volume of sensory threshold, the maximal volume of tolerance and the maximal compliance were (85±30) ml, (180±69) ml, (26. 5±8.8) ml/kpa in elderly patients with UC and (65±15) ml, (170±58) ml, (22.6± 10. 3) ml/kPa in non-elderly patients with UC. They were lower than in each HS group [elderly HS group (95±31) ml, (205±78) ml, (32.9±12.9) ml/kPa; non-elderly HS group:(78±38) ml, (190±50) ml, (30.8± 15.2) ml/kpa, all P＜0. 01]. (3)The rectal lowest volume of sensory threshold, the maximal volume of tolerance and the maximal compliance in elderly patients with UC were higher than in non-elderly patients with UC (elderly patients with uc vs. elderly HS:t=3. 121,3. 135,3.146,nonederly patients with uc vs. non elderly HS: t= 3.162, 3.141, 3.188 elderly patients with uc vs. nonelderly patients with uc: t = 2. 246,2. 239,2. 240 all P＜ 0. 05). The rectal lowest volume of sensory threshold, the maximal volume of tolerance in elderly HS group were higher than in non-elderly HS group (ederly HS vs. t = 2. 328,2. 301 all P＜0. 05). Conclusions There are some anorectal motility disturbances in UC. Higher sensitivity, lower tolerance, lower compliance of rectum and weakened anal automatic control function in UC may be associated with diarrhea and frequent defecation. The rectal sensation threshold to volume stimulus is higher in elderly HS than in non-elderly HS group. The sensibility to volume ectasis of rectum is weakened and the survivability of rectum is increased in elderly patients with UC.

Objective:To investigate the recurrent mutations between Uigur and Han ethnic deaf group in Xinjiang region and determine the relationship between ethnicity and mutations.Method:DNA were extracted from peripheral blood of 125 deaf patients from Urumqi and Korla special educational schools in Xinjiang.Audiologic examinations showed that all patients had severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing hoss. The coding region of GJB2 gene, SLC26A4 and mitochondrial DNA target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Mutations in GJB2 gene, SLC26A4IVS7-2 A>G, mtDNA 1494C>T and mtDNA1555 A>G were identified by sequencing analysis.Result:Allelic Frequency of the GJB2 35delG and SLC26A4IVS7-2 A>G mutations in Han deaf students were 7.4%and 10.1%,respectively, whereas not found in Uigur deaf groups.The difference was statistically significant. We did not find significant differences in GJB2 235 delC, 299-300delAT, mtDNA A1555G and C1494T allelic frequency between Uigur and Han students.Conclusion:Prevalence of the recurrent mutations between Uigur and Han ethnic deaf group in Xinjiang has a great diversity.