Objective: To detect the abnormal expression of WWOX (WW domain containing oxidoreduc-tase) exons 6-8 at mRNA level in human benign and malignant pleural effusion and to investigate the role of loss of WWOX exons 6-8 in the development of malignant pleural effusion. Methods; Deletion of WWOX ex-ons 6-8 mRNA transcript was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR technology. Results: Of the 56 malig-nant pleural effusion samples, 39 showed loss of WWOX exons 6-8 mRNA transcript (69.6%). This deletion was not detected in the 20 benign pieural effusion samples. Conclusion: WWOX gene may play an important role in the develepment of malignant Neural effusion, Detection of WWOX exons 6-8 mRNA may serve as a candidate molecular target for treatment of malignant pleural effusion and can be a promising index in differen-tial diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.

Aim To investigate whether the mechanism of curcumin antagonizing tumor correlates with histone acetylation/deacetylation,which is regarded as modulation of transcription level.Methods Measure the survival rates of Raji by treatment with various concentration of curcumin or TSA by the method of MTT;Measure the expression of acetylated histone_3 in Raji,HL60 and K562 when treated with various concenration of curcumin or TSA by means of Immunohistochemistry and FACS.Results Curcumin could inhibit Raji cell proliferation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.Curcumin at the concertration of 25 ?mol?L~(-1) could enhance acetylated histones in the three tumor cells(P

Objective To explore the application and problems of using high pressure injection combine detaining needle in cere‐bral thrombosis on CT angiography in rabbit models .Methods 38 rabbit models were divided to experimental group and control group (19 cases each) .Rabbits in the experimental group were injected contrast medium into rabbit ear marginal vein with detaining needles and connected high pressure injection and the control group used intravenous infusion combined high pressure injection . Then observe the CT image quality and infusion outcome in two groups .Results There were 18 cases (94 .74% ) in the experimen‐tal group obtained successful infusion and excellent image quality ,and 13 cases (68 .42% ) in the control group got excellent image , the difference has statistical significance (Z = - 2 .099 ,P = 0 .036) .All of the images of experimental group showed thrombosis clearly .Conclusion High pressure injection combine detaining needle on CT angiography can increase test efficiency ,simplify the operation sequence and achieve evaluating goals .

Objective To characterize the systolic torsion in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Eighty-seven subjects were studied using VVI:27 patients with DCM and 60 healthy control subjects.Left ventricular short-axis acoustic images were acquired at base and apex levels.The rotation angle and rotation velocity of endocardium and epicardium were measured.Results LVEF of DCM group was significantly lower than that of control group ( P＜0.01).The basal and apical rotation angle, rotation velocity were significantly lower in DCM group.The endocardial and epicardial rotation angle, rotation velocity were also significantly lower in DCM group than those in control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions VVI is a rapid and noninvasive tool to quantitatively assess cardiac torsional deformation in DCM patients,which providing another useful modality for evaluating cardiac function.

Objective To compare the effects of patient's tolerance to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and tracheal tube (TT) on the appropriate level of sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 30-60 yr weighing 50-70 kg undergoing elective thyroid or breast surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=40 each):LMA group and TT group.Anesthesia wag induced with propofol 1.6mg/kg,fentanyl 3μg/kg and recuronium 0.6mg/kg.LMA or tracheal tube was inserted,and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.5%-3.0% sevoflurane and 50% N2O in O2 in group LMA,and with 2.5%-5.0% sevoflurane and 50% N2O in O2 in group TT.The flow of O2 and N2O was 0.7-1.0L/min,and the concentration of sevofluranee was adjusted to maintain AAI at 15-25.ECG,HR,MAP,SpO2,PETCO2,AEP and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration were continuonsly monitored.The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was recorded at 1,5 and 10 min after LMA/TT was placed (T1-3),at 1h after skin incision (T4) and at the end of operation before removal of LMA or extubation (T5).The recovery time of consciousness,adverse cardiovascular events and adverse reactions were recorded.Results The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was significantly lower,the recovery time of consciousness and removal of LMA or extubation time were shorter,and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and adverse reactions was lower in LMA group than in TT group.Conclusion At the same depth of anesthesia (AAI 15-25),sevoflurane concentration is significantly lower in LMA group than in TT group,with fewer complications and smaller cardiovascular reaction.

In order to examine the strong anticancer action and low toxicity of Trichostatin A (TSA), the effect of TSA was examined on the growth inhibition, acetylation of histone H3 and apoptosis in HL-60 cells by employing MTT, immunocytochemical techniques, and Annexin-V-FITC/ PI assay. Our results showed that TSA could inhibit proliferation of HL- 60 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 at the 36th h was 100 ng/ml. The apoptosis-inducing effect of TSA on HL-60 cells was also time- and dose-dependent. But it didn't demonstrate apparent apoptosis induction in NPBMNCs within specific dose and time range. Both of the acetylation of histone H3 in HL-60 cells and NPBMNCs increased significantly (P<0.05) after treated with 100 ng/ml TSA for 4 h. However, there was no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that TSA can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and is able to selectively induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells but does not respond in NPBMNCs under the same conditions. The difference of TSA between HL-60 cells and NPBMNCs can't be explained by the regulation of histone acetylation.
Acetylation ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Histone Deacetylases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylases/*chemistry ; Hydroxamic Acids/*pharmacology

Overexpression of human ether-脿-go-go (eag) related gene (hERG) has been found in a broad range of human leukemia cell lines and primary human leukemia. The block of hERG protein might be a potential therapeutic strategy for leukemia. Gambogic acid (GA) has recently exhibited marked anti-tumor potency on solid tumors of various derivations. Here, we investigated the anti-leukemia effects of GA and its relation to the regulation of hERG in K562 leukemia cells in vitro. K562 cells were treated with various concentrations of GA (0.125-8.0 micromol/L) for 0-72 h. MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibition effect of GA on the growth of K562 cells. Cell apoptosis was measured through both Annexin-V FITC/PI double-labeled cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle regulation was studied by a propidium iodide method. RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the expression level of hERG in K562 cells. GA presented striking growth inhibition and apoptosis induction potency on K562 cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) value of GA for 24 h was 2.637+/-0.208 micromol/L. Moreover, GA induced K562 cells arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase, accordingly, cells in S phase decreased gradually, and no obvious changes were found in G(2)/M phase cells. Under the transmission electron microscopy, apoptotic bodies containing nuclear fragments were found in GA-treated K562 cells. After treatment with GA of 2.0 micromol/L for 24 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased from 4.09% to 18.47% (P<0.01). Overexpression of hERG channel was found in K562 cells, while GA could down-regulate it at both protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01). It was concluded that GA exhibited its anti-leukemia effects partially through down-regulating the expression level of hERG channel in K562 cells, suggesting that GA may be a potential agent against leukemia with a mechanism of blocking hERG channel.

The inhibitory effect of wortmannin on leukemic cells and the possible mechanisms were examined. K562 cells were treated with wortmannin of various concentrations (3.125-100 nmol/L) for 0-72 h. MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of wortmannin on the growth of K562 cells. Cell apoptosis was detected by both Annexin-V FITC/PI double-labeled cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of p-Akt, T-p-Akt, NF-kappaBp65 and IKK-kappaB was determined by Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that wortmannin obviously inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of K562 cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) value of wortmannin for 24 h was 25+/-0.14 nmol/L. Moreover, wortmannin induced K562 cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. TEM revealed typical morphological changes of apoptosis in wortmannin-treated K562 cells, such as chromatin condensation, karyopyknosis, karyorhexis and apoptotic bodies. Additionally, several important intracellular protein kinases such as p-Akt, NF-kappaBp65 and IKK-kappaB experienced degradation of various degrees in a dose-dependent manner both at protein level and transcription level when cultured with wortmannin, but the expression of total Akt showed no change. It is concluded that wortmannin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of K562 leukemia cells possibly by down-regulating the survival signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB channels).

In order to investigate the anti-leukemia effects of gambogic acid (GA) and its relation to the regulation of nucleoporin Nup88 in U937 cells in vitro, the inhibitory effect of GA on the growth of U937 cells was examined by using MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V FITC/PI double-labeled cytometry. Cell cycle regulation was studied by propidium iodide method. Both flow cytometry (FCM) and RT-PCR were employed to assess the expression of Nup88, and the localization of Nup88 was determined by confocal microscopy. The results indicated that GA had strong inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction activity in U937 cells in vitro in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The 24-h IC(50) value was (1.019+/-0.134) mg/L. Moreover, GA induced arrest of U937 cells in G(0)/G(1) phase. Over-expression of Nup88 was found in U937 cells, whereas GA could significantly down-regulate both the protein and mRNA levels of Nup88. Nup88 was diffusely distributed between nucleus and cytoplasm and was located at the cytoplasmic side of nuclear rim, and occasionally in cytoplasm. It is suggested that GA exerts its anti-leukemia effects by regulating the expression and distribution of nucleoporin Nup88. It promises to be new agent for the treatment of acute leukemia.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; U937 Cells ; Xanthones/*pharmacology

This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the time-dependent autophagy and apoptosis induced by nutrient depletion in human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 cells. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the transcriptional levels of Deptor, JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, Raf-1, p53, p21 and NFκB1 at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h after nutrient depletion in RPMI8226 cells. We found that transcriptional levels of Deptor were increased time-dependently at 0, 6, 12 and 18 h, and then decreased. Its alternation was consistent with autophagy. Transcriptional levels of Raf-1, JNK1, JNK2, p53 and p21 were increased time-dependently at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h accompanying with the increase of apoptosis. Transcriptional levels of NFκB1 at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 h were decreased as compared with 0 h. It was suggested that all the studied signaling molecules were involved in cellular response to nutrient depletion in RPMI8226 cells. Deptor contributed to autophagy in this process. Raf-1/JNK /p53/p21 pathway may be involved in apoptosis, and NFκB1 may play a possible role in inhibiting apoptosis. It remained to be studied whether Deptor was involved in both autophagy and apoptosis.