Objective To investigate the causes and therapeutic method for children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Methods 72 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome were treated by adenctonsillectomy, operation and precaution of postoperation complication. Results 62 patients (86.1% )were cure.8 patients(11.1% ) were better. 2 patients(2.7% ) were no change. Conclusion The children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome caused by glandular organ and hypertrophyoftonsil, can improve the surgical results and late results.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscope microwave ablation therapy for liver cancer.Methods Twenty-four special sites (at least 1 lesion close to diaphragmatic muscle,gallbladder,stomach,colon and big lacuna exterior and interior of liver) of primary liver cancer patients (32 nodes) were selected,and the patients were treated with laparoscope microwave ablation therapy.The rate of complete remission after treatment,the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) before and after treatment,postoperative complication and follow-up condition were observed.Results All the patients successfully completed the operation.The rate of complete remission after treatment was 87.50％ (28/32).Six patients had fever,8 patients had pain,and 2 patients had pleural effusion,and no patient had serious complication such as postoperative bleeding,biliary fistula or gastrointestinal perforation,etc.Five patients showed recurrence at 2,3,3,7 and 9 months after treatment,1 patient was treated with radio frequency ablation,1 patient was treated with microwave ablation again,2 patients were treated with γ knife,1 patient was treated with conservative method and then died of liver failure.The patients without recurrence were disease-free survival.Conclusions Laparoscope microwave ablation therapy has the advantages of laparoscope and microwave ablation.It is safe and feasible,with few trauma and outstanding curative effect,especially for the liver cancer in special site.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that electromagnetic field (EMF) can adjust proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, but the specific mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of EMF-activated ERK1/2 pathway on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS: The 3rd passage of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were received EMF treatment (15 Hz, 1 mT, sine wave), 20 μmol/L PD98059 + EMF treatment, or only PD98059 treatment. Simultaneously, a normal control group was established. Western blotting was applied to detect the activation of ERK signal pathway after EMF exposure. MTT assay was used to determine the activation of proliferation of cells. And alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cells was detected by an ALP kit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ERK1/2 phosphorylation, proliferation and ALP activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were remarkably increased after exposure to EMF (P < 0.01). PD98059 could effectively block the increasing of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation (P < 0.01), but elevate ALP activity in a certain level (P < 0.01). EMF stimulation can fast activate ERK1/2 signal pathway and then promote the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, however, ERK1/2 signal pathway activation has a less effect on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of an autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) type 2F family in china.Methods Retrospective analysis were made to show the clinical manifestations and electrophysiological data of 3 patients who come from an autosomal dominant CMT2F family. Results The clinical manifestations of 3 patients were characterized by later onset (from 37 to 60 years)and mild sensory impairments. Right hearing of one patient was lost progressively after the onset. Nerve conduction studies showed there were slow sensory and motor conduction velocities or no nerve action potentials in lower limbs but normal or mildly slow in upper limbs. Somatosensory evoked potentials on tibial nerve indicated both central and peripheral somesthesia gateway were involved. Motor evoked potentials detection found the conduction velocities in the peripheral motor gateway were slowed in lower limbs. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials showed right peripheral acoustic pathway was severely impaired but left was normal. Bilateral visual evoked potentials were normal. Conclusion Patients with CMT2F had distinct characteristics in clinical manifestations and electrophysiological data which would help clinical typing and diagnosis of CMT.

Objective To study the effects of costimulatory blockade with anti-inducible costim- ulator antibody(ICOS mAb)in combination with CTLA4Ig on prevention of islet allograft rejection. Methods Experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups(10 rats in each group).CT- LA4Ig + ICOS mAb group(group A):intraperitoneal injection of CTLA4Ig on day 0,2,4 and ICOS mAb on day 1,3,5 after islet transplantation;ICOSmAb group(group B):intraperitoneal injection of ICOS mAb on day 1,3,5 after islet transplantation;CTLA4Ig group(group C):intraperitoneal injection of CTLA4Ig on day 0,2,4 after islet transplantation;control group(group D):simple islet transplantation.The islet allograft survival and pathological changes in the transplanted islets after transplantation were observed.By using RT-PCR,the expression of IL-2 and IL-10 mRNA in the transplanted islets was detected.The expression of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell was detected by flow cy- tometry.Results In group A,the survival time was obviously prolonged as compared with other three groups and the transplanted islets were near normal under a light microscope.As compared with other three groups,the expression of IL-2 mRNA was significantly decreased in group A(P0.05).The expression of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell was not obviously up-regulated on the day 21 after transplantation.Conclusion The blockade of costimulatory signals with ICOS mAb in combination with CTLA4Ig has a favorable effects to restrain the rejection of islet transplantation.

Cancer development is a complex process that involves multiple genetic changes and multiple signaling pathways . Recent findings show that the GRIM-19 is a novel apoptosis regulation gene , and its gene mutations and loss of protein expression have been observed in many tumor types such as urinarysystem tumor , digestive system neoplasm , which are closely related to cancer devel-opment.Thus, GRIM-19 may be a potential target for gene therapy .Pro-apoptotic mechanisms of GRIM-19 and its related proteins such as STAT3,GW112,p16INK4aare overviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the mutation characteristics of paraplegin gene in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and establish the base of the gene diagnosis of HSP.Methods Mutation analysis of paraplegin gene was carried out by use of polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 22 unrelated affected HSP individuals in China, in which 8 probands were from autosomal recessive families and 14 cases were sporadic.Results All of the exons could be detected by PCR. 2 probands were found to have abnormal SSCP bands in exon 15 and 2 substitutes (G2063A, G2066A in exon 15) were found by DNA direct sequencing. But there were no changes in other patients of families.!The same abnormal SSCP bands and G→A substitutes were revealed in control individuals. So these changes were two polymorphisms, in which G2066A was not reported previously.Conclusion Mutations of paraplegin gene may be rare in Chinese patients with HSP. G2063A and G2066A are two polymorphisms, in which G2066A has not been reported previously.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum(HSP TCC).Methods Clinical data of 4 patients with HSP TCC were analysed retrospectively.Results 4 patients were at the onset during youngsters,they revealed mental impairment,walk of spasticity,spasticity of the lower extremities,slowly progressive weakness and hyperreflexia, extensor plantar responses and morbid indication for positive. Sensory impairment was not observed. 2 cases showed ataxia and sphincter disturbance;1 case showed upper limb spasticity and muscular atrophy. Cranial MRI revealed an extremely thin corpus callosum on sagittal image.Conclusion Main clinical characterizations of HSP TCC were slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, mental impairment during youngsters, cranial MRI showed extremely thin corpus callosum.

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP).Methods The clinical material of 113 patients in 39 families with HSP was analyzed retrospectively.Results The ratio of male to female was 1:1.17.The age at HSP onset was from 2 to 58 years old, the mean age was 21.4 years old, and 81.7% of the patients had HSP before 30. 89.4% of the patients had positive family history and they showed mostly autosomal dominant inheritance. The rate of consanguinity was 28.2%. 24 cases had pure while 89 cases had complicated spastic paraplegia. In the HSP group, we could found the weakness of legs in 65.5% patients, spasticity and hyperreflexia of lower limbs in 96.5%, extensor plantar responses in 68.1%, ataxia in 46.9%, muscular atrophy in 32.7% and dementia in 18.6%.Conclusion In the HSP group, the year of onset was mostly before 30. The female HSP cases were more than the male's, and the complicated cases were more often than the pure. Autosomal dominant was the mostly frequent inheritance, and there were more chances of HSP in the consanguineous families.

Objective To investigate the mutation characteristics of atlastin gene in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP) and establish the base of gene diagnosis of HSP.Methods Mutation analysis of atlastin gene was made by use of polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 30 unrelated affected HSP individuals in China in which 20 cases were from autosomal dominant families and ten cases were sporadic HSP patients.Results No abnormal SSCP bands were found in the 30 individuals and the results of DNA direct sequencing were also normal.Conclusion Mutation of atlastin gene may be rare in Chinese HSP patients.