Pharmacometabonomics, as an emerging branch of system biology, has been increasingly used in personalized medicine and showed broad prospects. By means of metabonomics, the complicated and detailed metabolic profile of the patient is described, thus providing more detailed description of the disease phenotype. With this understanding, response of different individuals to the drugs are predicted or evaluated through inherent genetic information of the individual combined with the environmental factors. As a result, appropriate drugs and dosage are chosen, which greatly promotes the realization of the individualized therapy goals. This article describes the emerging field of pharmacometabonomics, and the research results of personalized medicine based on the pharmacometabonomics in recent years are reviewed in detail.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between each subtype of cerebral ischemic stroke classified by NEW-TOAST criteria and the levels of blood sugar. MethodsA retrospective study in 624 patients hospitalized with acute cerebral ischemic stroke. All the patients were classified using NEW-TOAST classification standard. Blood glucose in patients with different stroke subtypes was recorded, and analyzed for the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in each subtype. The correlation of glucose to blood sugar,blood pressure and blood fat was analyzed using odd ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI).Results(1) Among 624 patients, the most common stroke subtype by NEW-TOAST classificationis atherothrombosis (AT), followed by small arterial occlusion (SAO). One hundred and nineteen patients (19. 1％ ) had diabetes history; another 40 patients(7.5％ ) were newly diagnosed with diabetes in this study; and 71 patients ( 11.4％ ) were found to have glycoregulation abnormality. The incidence of abnormal glycometabolism was high in patients with AT ( 40. 4％ ) and SAO ( 39. 7％ ). ( 2 ) Association analysis between stroke subtypes and blood sugar: x2 =14. 83,P =0. 020, r =0. 152; in SAO patients, OR was 1. 925 (95％ CI 1. 392-2. 664) ; in the patients with AT, there was no correlation to blood sugar levels.Association analysis of high blood pressure in stroke subtypes: in AT patients, OR was 2. 874 (95％ CI 1. 957-4. 222) ; in SAO, OR was 1. 609 (95％ CI 1. 100-1. 235). Association analysis of high LDL-C in each subtype: OR in SAO was 1.419 (95％ CI 1.026-1. 962) ;No significant correlation of LDL-C in AT patients, P =0. 929 ; (3) There is significant difference of frequency of abnormal glycometabolism between stroke subtypes: x2 =17. 79 ,P =0. 000; between AT and SAO patients, x2 =0. 024,P =0. 877; between AT or SAO patients to other three subtypes, P ＜ 0. 05. ConclusionsAmong the subtypes of cerebral ischemic stroke by NEW-TOAST classification, AT and SAO are the most common subtypes.All the subtypes have correlation to the high level of blood sugar, and SAO has the highest correlation to blood sugar levels. High blood pressure may affect both large vessels and small vessels, while high LDL-C may mainly affect small vessels.

Objective To prepare and identify the monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and explore the function of the mAb.Methods The EpCAM antigen expressed by the prokaryotic expression systems was used to immunize the BALB/c mice,and then the splenic cells from the mice were fused with the Sp2/0 cells to produce hybridomas secreting specific mAb.The positive clones were screened by the ELISA.The western blot analysis was used to identify the reactivity of the mAb to the antigen.Then the immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect EpCAM expression in the 3 primary colorectal carcinoma tissues.Results Three mAb specific to EpCAM were obtained by ELISA tests.Western blot results indicated that these three kinds of antibodies could react to the EpCAM antigen,but no response to the GST tag.Immunohistochemical staining results identified that these mAb could give positive signals to the primary colorectal carcinoma tissues from patients.Conclusion Three mAb specific to EpCAM are obtained and identified,which contributes to the diagnosis and therapy of the carcinoma in the future.

Human neutrophils defensins, e.g., human neutrophils peptides (HNP), had been found in polymorphonuclear neutrophil and shown broad antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and chemotaxis as an important family of human innate defence components. The researches on defensins is becoming a worldwide major focus of biological and medical attention nowadays. The researches on molecular characteristics, biological and pathophysiological activities of HNP are reviewed.

0.05).Conclusions The expression of galetin-3 was obviously increased in liver metastasis from colon cancer,and MCP can effectively inhibit the development of liver metastasis of colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of serum ferritin in patients with lung cancer. Methods The relationship between preoperative serum ferritin level and corre-sponding clinicopathological data in 174 patients with lung cancer and 85 patients with benign pulmonary diseases was reviewed and analyzed. Results The level of serum ferritin in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that in patients with benign pulmonary diseases. For non-small cell lung cancer, patients with large-sized,poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma in advanced stage had higher serum ferritin levels than those with small-sized,highly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in early stage. Conclusion Serum ferritin may play a promoting role in the development and malignant progres-sion of lung cancer.

Objective To design a quantitative criterion and grading system for injury from adverse drug reaction (ADR) in order to serve the compensation system of injury from ADR. Methods Based on the other grading system of injury cases, the independent scores and serial grades were given to the ADR injury of different organs or different levels through two turns of consultation to 27 experts from Shanghai. Results Injury from ADR was graded from stage 1 to stage 10 according to the damage degree, with 1 stand for death and 10 for slightest injury. Conclusion The grading method of ADR based on the characteristics of injury accords with the condition of China, and can provide reference for making up the compensation system of ADR injury.

Objective:In this experiment we used pain-related neurons of Hb unit discharges recording asa standard to observe the effects of prostaglandin E2 (i. p. ) on Hb unit discharges. Methods :The methodsof unit discharges recording and radiant heat induced tail flick responce were used. Results :The dischargesof pain-excited neurons increased after the addition of PGE2 (i. p. ). The discharges of pain-inhibited neu-rons dec reased after the addition of PGE2(i. p. );PGE2(i. p. ) caused the pain threshold to drop after sym-pathetic nerves were destroyed by 6-OHDA. There were no changes of the pain threshold in undestroyedgroup (P＞0.05). The percentage changes of Hb neurons dropped compared with that of undestroyedgroup (P＜0. 05). Conclusion: The PGE2 could change the discharges of pain-related neurons in Hb, inwhich the sympathetic system might participate in the process.

Objective To investigate the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and p53 protein and relationship with clinicopatbological parameters in human gastric cancers. Methods Primary gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 84 consecutively enrolled patients undergoing gastric cancer resection at Peking University People's Hospital during the period from April 2001 to May 2003. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to measure the expression of PUMA and p53 proteins both in normal and malignant tissues. Results PUMA expression is significantly weaker in primary gastric carcinoma compared to adjacent normal mucosa (P <0. 01 ). Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion ( P < 0. 01 ), advanced pTNM stage ( P < 0. 05 ) and poor overall survival of patients ( P < 0. 05 ). p53 protein expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly higher than adjacent normal mucosa ( P < 0. 01 ). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of PUMA protein and p53 protein in gastric carcinoma (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion PUMA expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly lower compared to adjacent normal mucosa. Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion, later pTNM stage and poor overall patient survival.

Objective To summarize the experience of tension-free repair for inguinal hernia in the preperitoneal space using modified surgical mesh. Methods From Dec 2008 to May 2010, 134 cases with 138 reducible primary inguinal hernia were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty-seven patients (70 hernias) in the study group underwent tension-free repair in the preperitoneal space by modified surgical mesh, while the control group (67 cases, 68 hernias) underwent Rutkow's herniorrhaphy by surgical mesh.Results Postoperatively 127 cases (95%) were followed up from 2 to 18 months with an average of 9. 2months[64 cases of the test group were followed up with an average of(9 ±4) months, 63 cases of the control group followed up with an average of (9 ± 5 ) months]. There was no recurrence. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the operation time (P = 0. 697), blood loss (P = 0. 318 ),hospital stay (P = 0. 116) and total postoperative complications (P = 0. 080). The visual analogue scale of the study group was lower than the scale of the control group ( P = 0. 048 ). Conclusions Modified surgical mesh is more comfortable in the treatment of inguinal hernia with tension-free repair in the preperitoneal space with a comparative result to Rutkow's herniorrhaphy by surgical mesh.