An early and accurate response evaluation is essential for clinicians to decide whether to continue the treatment with current thera-peutic regimen or to make necessary changes.This article briefly introduces the development of response evaluation criteria for tumors,elab-orates on the application of radiological evaluation criteria in local interventional therapy or sorafenib treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),compares the four radiological evaluation criteria,i.e.,World Health Organization (WHO)criteria,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST),European Association for the Study of Liver (EASL)criteria,and the modified RECIST (mRECIST),and thinks that EASL criteria and mRECIST are better than WHO criteria and RECIST and can predict the prognosis of HCC patients at earlier time points.

A methodology named immunoscorehas been proposed in recent years.It has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor superior to the Union for International Cancer Control-American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC-AJCC)TNMclassification.Over the past few years,it has gained a forefront posi-tion in colorectal cancer.It has the advantages of simple operation,low cost and high accuracy,and it is nee-ded for individual therapy.However,it still has its limitations.

To explore the binocular disparity information for children with a normal vision based on computer-assisted evaluation system.We examined the random dot zero-order disparity,line zero-order disparity,2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax for 97 children with normal vision.And 94 children reached 100″ vision disparity both in random dot zero-order disparity and line zero-order disparity (pass rate of 96.9％) ; all 94 cases passed the 2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax.Thus children with a normal vision develop their stereopsis.

BACKGROUND: Apart from anticoagulation property and suppressing platelet congregation capability, tongxinluo preparation has been proved by traditional Chinese medicine to possess certain function for protecting endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Chinese medicinal herb "tongxinluo" compound on adhesion molecule expression in brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) animal model.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, between October 2002 and January 2003. Totally 25 male SD rats were randomized into sham-operation group of 5 rats, model group of 10 rats and tongxinluo group of 10 rats.METHODS: Middle cerebral artery was occluded using thread-bolt method to induce focal brain IR model in rats. In sham-operation group,nylon thread was placed around the external carotid artery approximating to the branch of internal carotid artery, and the other procedure was the same as that in model group. Rats in tongxinluo group were given tongxininfusion before IR for 1 consecutive week, which was replaced by physiological saline of the same dosage in model group and sham-operation group. Brain tissues were obtained under anesthesia condition and cut into slices; conventional HE staining, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining were conducted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① The number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)positive microvessels following IR injury.② The number of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA positive microvessels following IR injury.RESULTS:① In sham-operation group,ICAM-1,VCAM-1 protein andICAM-1 mRNA positive microvessels could not be observed in hemispheric cortex and basal ganglion at the operative side.② In model group,the positive expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 protein and ICAM-1 mRNA obviously increased at the ischemic side at 6-hour reperfusion following 2-hour ischemia.③ In tongxinluo medication group,the positive protein and mRNA-expressing microvessls were found remarkably reduced in number in ischemic side hemispheric cortex and basal ganglion [(10.42 ±1.98),(12.42±2.14)/HP; (8.54±2.00), (11.12±1.56)/HP] (P ＜ 0.05), but the positive VCAM-1 protein-expressing microvessels did not change remarkably (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Tongxinluo can suppress ICAM-1 transcription and translation following rat brain IR, thus attenuating inflammatory injury induced by brain ischemia.

Objective To prevent the medical personnel from infection during aeromedical evacuation of fulminating respiratory infectious disease patients by exploring the changes of differential pressure between those in and out of the negative-pressure isolation capsule and analyzing the stability of the capsule during aeromedical evacuation.Methods A differential pressure monitor developed by Institute of Medical Equipment was used for real-time recording of the changes the differential pressure in and out of the capsule during five flight phases of the aircraft,and the safety of the capsule during aeromedical evacuation and corresponding considerations were investigated.Results The maximum and minimum values of the negative pressure in the capsule were-60 Pa and-120 Pa respectively during aeromedical evacuation,which were all less than the safety threshold-15 Pa.The negative pressure was is directly proportional to the flying altitude.Conclusion The capsule keeps negative pressure effectively during flight,and thus facilitates patient aeromedial evacuation greatly.

Objective:To observe the quantitative and morphological changes of astrocytes in nucleus of solitary tract(NTS) after vagus nerve stimulation(VNS).Methods:Light and electron microscopy immunohistochemisty were used to examine the relationship between astrocytes and neurons by observing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),which is the specific protein for astrocytes. Results:Immunoreactivities of GFAP were significantly enhanced after VNS in NTS of rats. Meanwhile,the hypertrophy cell bodies and dark long processes could be seen under high power field. For electron microscopy,immunopositive GFAP astrocytes connected closely with the dendrites or axons of the neurons. The number of synapse increased remarkably after VNS compared with that of the control. Conclusion:Our data indicate that not only the neurons but also the astrocytes in the NTSs play a very important role in the process of the antiepileptic mechanism during VNS.

Objective To investigate the effect of elevating the root of tongue bare-handed to assist ProSeal laryngeal mask airway insertion in patients with tongue body hypertrophy under general anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASAⅠ~Ⅲgrade patients with tongue body hypertrophy undergoing surgery in general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups:30 cases in each group. After anesthesia induction ,laryngeal mask airway was inserted in the observation group with assistance of elevating the root of tongue bared-handed ,while inserted in the control group by standard method.Insertion time ,success rate of the first and secondary and total insertion ,pharyngolaryneal complications at 24 hours after removal were recorded ,as well as the success rate of gastric tube intubation was recorded. Results Compared with the control group ,insertion time was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). Success rate of the first and total insertion were increased (P < 0.05).Success rate of gastric tube intubation was increased(P < 0.05),and pharyngolaryneal complications were decreased (P < 0.05) in the observation group. Conclusions Elevating the root of tongue bare-handed to assist ProSeal laryngeal mask airway insertion in patients with tongue body hypertrophy is a simple and fast method with high success rate ,good apposition and less complications. Its efficacy is better than that of the standard method.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and the possible mechanisms. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly: sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion ( I/R) group and sodium hydro-sulfide ( NaHS ) + I/R group. The left temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) model was established by the line-embolism method. After rats were suffered 2h/24h ischemia/reperfusion stress, the mortality rate was evaluated, and the nervous function-al defect degree was evaluated by Longe scoring, the volumes of cerebral infarction was evaluated by 2 ,3 ,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC) staining, and the expression of P2X7 receptor protein in brain tissue was detected by the immunofluorescence method. Results The mortality rate in NaHS + I/R rats ( 29.41%) was obviously lower than those of I/R group ( 42 . 86%) . The nervous defect scores in NaHS + I/R rats were significant lower than those of I/R group ( P <0.05 ) . The volumes of cerebral infarction in NaHS +I/R group (21.88% ±3.53%) were significant lower than those of I/R group ( 36.71% ±3.73%) ( P <0.01 ) . The results of immunofluorescence showed that the positive expression cells of P2X7 receptor protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 area of I/R group were significantly higher than those of sham-op-erated group(P<0. 01). However, compared with I/R group, the positive expression cells of P2X7 receptor protein in cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA1 area of NaHS + I/R group were significantly decreased ( P<0. 01). Conclusions H2S exerts the neuroprotective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and the protective mechanism might be associated with down-regulating the expression of P2X7 receptor protein in brain tissue.

Objective To investigate the significance of CD44v6 expression in acute leukemia( AL) and it's relation with the prognosis of AL. Methods Sixty AL patients were treated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)as initial treatment group. Fourty-seven cases were remission as remission group, and 20 cases with no-remission group. Meanwhile,45 healthy people were served as the control group. The level of CD44v6 was measured by ELISA. Results The serum CD44v6 in initial treatment patients,remission group, no-remission group and control group were( 179. 34 ± 39. 41 )μg/L,( 190. 61 ± 28. 05 )μg/L,( 106. 72 ± 26. 38)μg/L and(98. 31 ± 21. 78)μg/L respectively,and the difference was significant( F =56. 303,P﹤0. 01),and the CD44v6 of initial treatment group and remission group were higher than that of no-remission group and control group(P﹤0. 05). The leukocyte levels was positive related to CD44v6 levels in 60 patients(r=0. 826,P﹤0. 01),and it was also related to disease stage,extramedullary infiltration(( r=0. 485,0. 512;P﹤0. 01). Conclusion The level of CD44v6 is closely related with the occurrence and development of acute leukemia. The assay of CD44v6 in serum of AL patients is helpful in diagnosing and predicting the risk of metastasis and prognosis in AL.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression in leukemia cell line K562 and multidrug-resistant K562/A02 cell line. METHODS: The activations of NF-kappaB in K562 and K562/A02 cells and the effects of 1 micromol/L Tet on NF-kappaB expression were determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assay. RESULTS: Tet had no effect on NF-kappaB expression in K562 cells after 6- and 12-hour treatment (P>0.05), and K562/A02 cells displayed higher level of NF-kappaB protein expression than their parental K562 cells (P<0.01). Tet could significantly down-regulate NF-kappaB protein expression and nuclear translocation in K562/A02 cells shown by immunocytochemistry and Western blot, and this decrease became more significant after 12-hour treatment than after at 6-hour treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Activation of NF-kappaB may be related to multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cell line. And the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by Tet leads to multidrug resistance reversal in K562/A02 cell line.