OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effects of emodin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells. METHODS:SMMC7721 cells were treated with 0(negative control),25,37.5,50,62.5,75,87.5,100μmol/L emodin solution and 100 μmol/L 5-FU for 24 h,48 h,72 h. The optical density value of cells was detected,and inhibition rate was calculated. SMMC7721 cells were treated with 0 (negative control),25,50,75 μmol/L emodin solution and 100 μmol/L 5-FU for 48 h,and cell apoptosis rate,cell cycle and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 gene were detected. RESULTS:Compared with negative control,the rate of cell proliferation inhibition increased after treated with 25,37.5,50,62.5,75,87.5,100 μmol/L emodin and 100 μmol/L 5-FU,which was positively associated with the concentration and duration. Compared with negative con-trol,the rate of cell apoptosis increased after treated with 25,50,75 μmol/L emodin solution and 100 μmol/L 5-FU;the expres-sion of Bax increased and that of Bcl-2 dereased;50,75 μmol/L emodin solution and 100 μmol/L 5-FU could arrested cells at G0/G1 phase(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Emodin can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC7721,promote cell apoptosis and in-hibit cell growth.

Bidirectional signal transduction is a newly elucidated mechanism in intercellular communication. The bidirectional signal transduction mediated by the Eph-ephrin is an important representative in this field. The Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, play pivotal roles in the development of nervous system, angiogenesis, etc. The signal transduction into cells by Eph receptors is the forward signal, whereas the signal transduction by ephrins is the reverse signal. Based on their molecular structures, the ephrins can be divided into two subclasses, i.e. ephrinA and ephrinB. The ephrinBs are transmembrane proteins, which can activate FAK, JNK and Wnt signal transduction pathways through phosphotyrosine-dependent signaling and PDZ-binding motif-dependent signaling. The ephrinAs are glycosylphosphotidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins, which can also mediate reverse signal transduction.

The incidence of early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke is higher, and the clinical prognosis is poor. There is no effective specific prevention and treatment now. This article reviews the advances in research on early neurological deterioration in acute ischaemic stroke in recent years.

Objective Patient safety is key to quality of care in hospital management, for which drug safety is critical. General hospitals are challenged with how to monitor drug adverse reaction (ADR), and motivate their staff to report ADRs in building a hospital safety culture. Methods The PDCA cycle quality improvement process was called into play, to set the ADR criteria and analyze data of inpatients' ADRs from 2005 to 2009, which was followed by measures proposed for ADR continuous improvement. Results A total of 2850 ADR cases were reported in the past 5 years, averaging 570 cases per year. The ADR incidence rate was 3. 28%, of which 43 were severe ADR cases, or 0. 49% of the total cases, accounting for 1. 51% of all the ADR cases. Year to year, the quantity and quality of ADR reporting have been improving in the hospital, witnessing an initial culture of drug safety. In 2008, the hospital was awarded as an advanced ADR center in Beijing. Conclusion The PDCA cycle is an effective means for ADR management, as it can improve the awareness of the medical staff for proactive ADR reporting. Sustained circular management against ADRs can minimize risks and maximize patient safety.Under-reporting and the corrective measures shall be watched over by the hospital in the future.

Objective To investigate the values of diffusion tensor MR imaging(DTI)and fiber tractography(FT)in the assessment of cognitive functions in children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL),to facilitate to understand the mechanism of PVL children's cognitive functions.Methods Forty six children with PVL and 16 age-matched volunters were recruited.Developmental quotient(DQ)of all cases was recorded.According to the DQ scores,patients were divided into 3 groups:mild in 11 patients,moderate in 19,and severe in 16.DTI was performed in all cases and fractional anisotropy(FA)values were be calculated.Non-paired t test was used to compare the FA values of major white matter fibers between patients group and controls group.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the FA values among 4 groups.Results Compared with controls,all 46 patients with PVL showed a significant mean FA reduction in left corticospinal tract(CST)(0.476 ±0.064 vs.0.531 ±0.064),bilateral anterior limb of internal capsula (ICAL)(left 0.357 ±0.050 vs.0.405 ±0.081,right 0.370 ±0.040 vs.0.405 ±0.036),posterior limb of internal capsule(ICPL)(left 0.483 ±0.044 vs.0.546 ±0.091,right 0.485 ±0.046 vs.0.547 ±0.083),arcuate fasciculus(AF)(left 0.367 ± 0.069 vs.0.433 ± 0.097,right 0.363 ± 0.064 vs.0.421 ±0.091),posterior thalamic radiation(PTR)(left 0.390 ± 0.059 vs.0.459 ± 0.067,right 0.382 ± 0.047 vs.0.446 ± 0.064),anterior CG(ACG)(left 0.362 ± 0.056 vs.0.423 ± 0.057,right 0.345 ± 0.056 vs.0.417 ± 0.080),superior longitudinal fasciculus(SLF)(left 0.323 ± 0.050 vs.0.426 ±0.102,right 0.341 ± 0.056 vs.0.416 ± 0.092)and splenium of the corpus callosum(SCC)(0.535 ±0.090 vs.0.606 ±0.060)(t =2.037-3.745,P ＜0.05).The severity of cognitive impairment companied with decrease of the FA values of all fibers.The FA values of bilateral CST,ICAL,ICPL,left AF,bilateral PTR,ACG,SLF and SCC were significantly different among different groups(F =3.021-7.146,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The damage widespread of white matter bundles is found in children with PVL DTI and FT can provide details in the assessment of cognitive impairment in children with PVL.

During spermatogenesis, lysine-rich histones in spermatogenic cells are progressively replaced by arginine-rich protamine. In this study, the nucleoprotein transition in spermatogenic cells of Wistar rat was investigated using aniline blue staining, PTA staininig (both to demonstrate lysine-proteins) and NQS (1, 2-naphthoquinone4-sodium sulfonate) staining (to demonstrate arginine-protein). Under light microscope, the nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes were intensely aniline blue positive and the nuclei of young spermatids moderately positive, while the nuclei of late elongated spermatids and spermatozoa were aniline blue negative. The nuclei of spermatogonia and young spermatids were basicallyy NQS negative and there were a few granules of weak NQS positive in the nuclei of primary spermatocytes, while the nuclei of late elongated spermatids and spermatozoa were NQS positive. Under the electron microscope, the PTA positive chromatin in the nuclei of early spermatids with round nucleus (steps 1 to 8)was fibrillar or granular in appearance. Along with the condensation of nuclei of spermatids(steps 9 to 13), the nuclear stain ability increased. The positive chromatin in the nuclei of spermatids (steps 14, 15) was disappeared progressively, in the direction from cranial to caudal along with the further condensation of nuclei. The nuclei of late spermatids with elongated nucleus (steps 18, 19) and spermatozoa were PTA negative. These observations suggest that the nucleoprotein transition from histones to protamine (S_1) occur during spermiogenesis and that this process could be divided into two consecutive steps, i. e. from histones through an intermediate phase of transition proteins to protamine.

Purpose: This study is to investigate the influence of acupuncture at acupoints Neiguan (PC 6) and Ximen (PC 4) on the stroke volume and the flow rate of peak value of left ventricle ejection in the patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: 60 cases of coronary heart disease were divided into acupoint Neiguan (PC 6) group and acupoint Ximen (PC 4) group, and the stroke volume and the flow rate of peak value of left ventricle ejection were detected 3 min after manipulating needles and 20 min after retaining needles respectively, then were compared with those before acupuncture. Results: 3 min after manipulating needles, the stroke volume and the flow rate of peak value of left ventricle ejection were enhanced in 46 cases, and 20 min after retaining needles, both the stroke volume and the flow rate of peak value of left ventricle ejection were all enhanced in 34 cases. Conclusion: Puncturing acupoints Neiguan (PC 6) and Ximen (PC 4) could enhance the contractility of left ventricle wall, increase the stroke volume of the heart and improve the myocardial ischemia in the patients with coronary heart disease

AIM: To study the effect of hydrogen sulfide on wound healing of skin ulcer in diabetic rats . METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including non-diabetic control (NDC) group, untreated diabetic control ( UDC) group, and treated diabetic administration ( TDA) group.Diabetic rats were induced by intraper-itoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).After 1 week, wound healing model was prepared by making a round incision ( 2.0 cm in diameter ) on the dorsal skin in full thickness .The rats from TDA group received 2%sodium bisulfide ointment on the skin ulcer wound , and the animals from UDC and NDC groups received control cream .After 21 d of treatment with sodium bisulfide , blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis , including prothrombin time ( PT) , thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) in plasma, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondi-aldehyde ( MDA) in the serum.White blood cells ( WBC) and lymphocytes were also counted .Granulation tissues from the wound were processed for histological examination and Western blot analysis was used to detect heme oxygenase -1 ( HO-1) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) expression.RESULTS:Compared with UDC group, sodium bisulfide treatment accelerated wound healing of skin ulcer (P<0.01), and increased the activity of SOD in serum (P<0.01) in the diabet-ic rats.The declined number of WBC and lymphocytes , prolonged PT and TT , and decreased FIB levels in rats treated with sodium bisulfied were also confirmed .Pathological section showed that there were inflammatory cell infiltration , and irregu-lar and loose fibril alignment in the granulation tissue of rats from the UDC group , but there were regular fibril alignment and increased angiogenesis in the granulation tissue of rats from the TDA group (P<0.05).Furthermore, sodium bisulfide treatment raised HO-1 protein expression , and decreased TNF-αprotein expression in the diabetic rats .CONCLUSION:Hydrogen sulfide accelerates the wound healing of skin ulcer in the rats with diabetes .The beneficial effect of H 2 S may be associated with formation of granulation , anti-inflammation , and antioxidation .

Objective To develop a suitable forcep for reduction and internal fixation of sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC) and evaluate its role in clinical practice.Methods Twenty patients with SFMC diagnosed by three-dimensional CT undergone open surgery were divided into experimental group and control group with 10 patients per group,according to the random number table.Patients in experimental group were reduced and fixed using the new reduction forcep,while in control group by the classical vascular clamp and nerve retractor.Operation time,three-dimensional CT before operation and 2 weeks after operation,and occlusion,maximum mouth opening (MMO),visual analogue scale (VAS),joint clicking as well as noise before operation and 1 and 6 months after operation were recorded.Results Operation time was obviously lower in experimental group than in control group [(0.90 ± O.11)hours vs (1.34 ±0.10)hours,t =-10.8,P ＜0.01].MMO in experimental group revealed significant improvements compared to control group at postoperative 1 month [(32.6 ± 1.6) mm vs (29.7 ±1.6)mm,t =-10.1,P＜0.01] and at postoperative 6 months [(34.3 ± 1.2)mm vs (33.3 ± 1.1)mm,t =3.4,P ＜0.01].VAS between experimental group and control group also differed significantly at postoperative 1 month [(3.6 ± 0.7) mm vs (5.1 ± 0.7) mm,t =-12.5,P ＜ 0.01] and at 6 months [(3.5±0.9) points vs (4.8±0.6) points,t=-3.3,P＜0.01].Conclusion The new reduction forcep can shorten operative time and improve mouth opening and pai for SFMC.

AIM:To explore the protective effects of riboflavin on the kidney in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,diabetic model group and riboflavin-treated group.Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (dissolved in 0.01 mol/L citrate buffer,pH 4.5,65 mg/kg,ip) in rats.The biochemical methods were used to measure the contents of urine protein and malondialdehyde in the kidney,and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and renal tissues.Furthermore,the protein expression of TGF-?1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) in renal cortex was detected by Western blotting.The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed under microscope.RESULTS:Compared to the diabetic model group,riboflavin significantly increased the activities of SOD and CAT (P